Anthu masauzande ambiri ogwira ntchito zazakudya mwachangu adasiya ntchito m'mizinda 58 yaku US dzulo, zomwe zikutsutsa chuma chomwe chikupanga zochulukirapo kuposa McJobs. Mizere ina inasanduka ntchito zosakhalitsa, ndipo masitolo angapo anatseka.
Kuchokera ku McDonald's ku Peoria, Illinois, kupita kwa Burger King ku Durham, North Carolina, kumenyedwa kwa tsiku limodzi kumakhudza mabizinesi m'mizinda ndi matauni atsopano. Okonza akuti malo odyera chikwi chimodzi adakhudzidwa.
Kunali kukwera kwakukulu: kumenyedwa kofulumira kwa zakudya zam'mbuyomu anali atagunda mizinda isanu ndi itatu.
Kunyanyalako kutsekereza malo odyera ena. Mwa ena ogwira ntchito ochepa okha ndi omwe adasiya ntchito, ndikusiya mamanejala akungofuna kudzaza mashifiti. Malo ogulitsira masangweji a Jimmy John ku Seattle anali ndi manejala ndipo adayimitsa kutumiza, pomwe Burger King ku Houston adatseka nkhomaliro pomwe ambiri adalowa nawo pamzerewu.
Ku Memphis, ogwira ntchito ndi othandizira 50 adasankha McDonald's pomwe magalimoto amalira ndipo oyenda pansi akuwathandizira. "McDonald's imapanga $ 5 biliyoni pachaka," adatero Anthony Cathey, wowombera m'sitolo. โAmatitenga ngati akapolo. Sitingathe kupeza zofunika pa moyo.โ
Wowombera wina, Latoya Jones, anati, โNdakhala kuno pafupifupi chaka; $7.25 si malipiro amoyo. Ndine mayi wosakwatiwa ndi ana atatu. Ndimakhala ndi ndalama zolipirira.โ
Ku New York, ogwira ntchito ku McDonald's apakati adalumikizana ndi ndale komanso atsogoleri achipembedzo achifundo.
โSakulola antchito amene akhalapo kwa nthaลตi yaitali kuti apeze maola okwanira,โ wogwira ntchito ku Bronx yemwe anali atatenga ngoziyo, Bianka Ramirez anauza khamulo la anthu 300. Ngati mamenejala amakampani azigwira ntchito mโsitolo yake, iye anati, โpasanapite nthaลตi yaitali, ndimakutsimikizirani kuti adzakhalapo. ndikufunsa $15 ndi mgwirizano. "
Khamu la anthulo linakhala mu lesitilantiyo mwachidule, kenaka anaguba mtawuni kukatenga ina. Omenyera nkhondo mumzindawu adasonkhana pa msonkhano wamadzulo ku Union Square pomwe mazana ambiri ogwira ntchito zazakudya mwachangu adalankhulidwa ndi andale komanso atsogoleri amgwirizano.
Sikuti mizinda yonse ikuluikulu inachita sitiraka. Ku Los Angeles, gulu la mamembala 300 ndi othandizira adasonkhana kunja kwa McDonald's, koma owerengeka okha anali ogwira ntchito. Iwo anaguba kupita ku Subway ndipo anaigwira mwachidule; mameneja ndi antchito anabisala kumbuyo.
Ku Seattle, mosiyana, ogwira ntchito adagunda malo pafupifupi 30, kuphatikiza Jimmy John's, Subway, ndi Specialty's Cafรฉ ndi Bakery. Grill ya Qdoba Mexican Grill idatsekedwa kwathunthu pomwe gulu la anthu lidalowa m'sitolo. Sitima yapansi panthaka sinathe kutseguka chifukwa cha khamu lalikulu kutsogolo.
Ogwira ntchito ku Seattle adayamba m'mawa kupita kumalo odyera kukayesa kukopa ogwira nawo ntchito kuti atuluke. Nthawi zambiri ankapambana ngati anali atakambirana kale za sitiraka. Komabe, ndi ochepa okha amene anatuluka popanda kukambirana koyambirira.
Kupita Kulikonse
Ogwira ntchito akugonjetsa nkhondo ya PR. Adawunikira kwambiri chida cha McDonald chonyozedwa kwambiri - mzere wachiwiri womwe umaganiza kuti wogwira ntchito "amamuthandiza" ndi bajeti anali ndi ntchito yachiwiri.
Akakumana ndi malipiro ake otsika, a McDonald's amadzudzula eni ake a ma franchise. Koma atafunsidwa za pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya masitolo omwe amayendetsa mwachindunji, ma flacks amavomereza ogwira ntchito kumeneko amayambiranso malipiro ochepa.
Makampani ogulitsa zakudya zachangu atinso masitolo amapereka makwerero ku ntchito zowongolera kapena kukhala umwini wa ma franchise - koma ogwira ntchito akuti malonjezo opita patsogolo ndi utsi wambiri.
John Valdez, yemwe adachoka ku McDonald's m'katikati mwa tawuni ya Manhattan, adati tsopano wagwira ntchito ku malo atatu a McDonald kwa zaka zinayi, ndipo amadziwa ntchito zonse. Anagwira ntchito yokwera kuchoka pa $7.25 kufika pa $7.55 pa olaโkoma atasintha masitolo, anamgwetseranso ku $7.25 kachiwiri. โSi bwino, nโchifukwa chake aliyense ali pano lero,โ iye anatero.
Ndipo palibe malo aliwonse pamwamba pa makwerero. Ndi 2.2 peresenti yokha ya ntchito pazakudya zofulumira ndi akatswiri kapena oyang'anira, lipoti laposachedwa la National Employment Law Project, โOsapita Kulikonse Mofulumira.โ Ntchito zam'tsogolo monga ophika, osunga ndalama, ndi oyendetsa galimoto amapanga 89.1 peresenti ya ntchito zachangu, ndi malipiro apakatikati pa ola la $8.94. Oyang'anira awo amapanga $ 13.06 pa ola limodzi, koma amangokhala 8.7 peresenti ya ntchito zachangu. Ndipo eni ma franchise amayenera kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi ndalama zokwana madola milioni imodzi nthawi zambiri, lipotilo lidatero - ndiye kuti kuyesetsa kukhala umwini, pamalipiro ochepa, sikumveka bwino.
Wowombera Burger King Tamara Green, wazaka zake za 30, adati watsala pang'ono kumaliza digiri yake yaku koleji - koma akudziwa, popeza ntchito zabwino zimawonongeka, digiri si tikiti yomwe idakhalapo kale. "Ndili ndi ophunzira aku koleji omwe atayima pafupi ndi ine ndikupanga burger," adauza gulu la New York.
Thandizo la Union
Ogwira Ntchito akhala akuthandizira ntchitoyi, kuyambira ndi okonza 40 ku New York, mzinda woyamba kuchita ziwonetsero zazakudya mwachangu, July watha.
Mgwirizanowu poyamba udalibe mbiri yabwino, koma m'masabata aposachedwa, chidwi chikafalikira m'dziko lonselo, akuluakulu amgwirizanowu adayamba kudzitamandira chifukwa cha ntchitoyi. Pali zizindikilo kuti SEIU ikuyika zofunikira, ndi okonza nthawi zonse 10 aliyense m'mizinda ingapo, ndipo posachedwapa adalengeza kuti akulemba ntchito ochita kafukufuku.
Ku Memphis mgwirizanowu udalemba anthu ogwira ntchito zazakudya mwachangu kudzera mu kampeni yotsatsira pa TV, kutsatira wokonza wamoyo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nawonso ayambe kutenga nawo mbali pazakudya mwachangu kumeneko.
Mzindawu ndi wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha sitiraka ya ogwira ntchito zaukhondo yomwe idakopa Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. atatsala pang'ono kuphedwa. Mbiri yantchito inali yamoyo ndipo idapangidwanso Lachinayi. Anthu ena ogwira ntchito ku Memphis anali ndi zikwangwani zolembedwa kuti โNdine Munthu.โ
Omenyerawo adamaliza kuguba kwawo kumalo osungiramo ufulu wa anthu, pamalo a Lorraine Motel komwe King adaphedwa. Kuti akafike kumeneko, adakwera mseu wa Beale, kutsatira njira yomwe antchito aukhondo nthawi zambiri ankayenda mu 1968.
Zolinga?
Kunyanyala kwakanthawi kochepaku kukuwoneka kuti sikukufuna kuyimitsa kupanga ndikuwonongera makampani ndalama, ngakhale achitadi izi m'masitolo ena. M'malo mwake, zolinga zazikuluzikulu ndizolemba zapamwamba komanso malamulo otsika otsika.
Zikuoneka kuti adzutsanso kukambirana za malipiro otsika ndi mapindu ochuluka amakampani, zomwe zimatikumbutsa nkhani yosonkhezeredwa ndi Occupy Wall Street.
Njira yopita patsogolo sikudziwika. Kufinya zambiri za eni ma franchise sikumveka bwino pomwe McDonald's, mwachitsanzo, ipeza phindu lake lalikulu kudzera mu chindapusa komanso kugulitsa kovomerezeka kwa ogulitsa.
Chitsanzo chotheka chimachokera ku bungwe la ogwira ntchito m'mafamu. Onse a Komiti Yoyang'anira Ntchito Zamafamu ndi Coalition of Immokalee Workers achita kampeni yazaka zambiri kuti pamapeto pake apambane mgwirizano wamagulu atatu pakati pa ogwira ntchito m'mafamu, alimi, ndi ogula zokolola. CIW, makamaka, ili ndi adatulutsa ndalama za otola phwetekere mwachindunji kumakampani opanga zakudya zofulumira monga Yum Brands, yemwe ali ndi Taco Bell. Iwo adachita izi podzudzula anthu ndikunyanyala mayina amtundu wazakudya zomwe amalimidwa mosamala, kuphatikiza McDonald's, Burger King, Subway ndi Chipotle.
SEIU ikuwoneka kuti ikuyang'ana kwambiri pazandale. Pamsonkhano wokonzekera sitalaka ku Seattle, chinthu chokhacho pa kalendala pambuyo pa sitalaka chinali chisankho cha meya wa mzindawu.
Ku New York City, oyimira meya a Christine Quinn (ovomerezedwa ndi SEIU 32BJ) ndi Bill DeBlasio (wovomerezedwa ndi SEIU 1199) adalankhula pamisonkhano yosiyana yazakudya mwachangu.
Quinn adati akhazikitsa malamulo a khonsolo yamtawuni kukakamiza makampani azakudya mwachangu kuti apatse antchito ndandanda yokhazikika komanso zidziwitso zosintha patatsala sabata imodzi. Ogwira ntchito amati sangathe kupita kusukulu, kukonza zosamalira ana, kapena kukonza moyo wawo chifukwa alibe mashifiti okhazikika. โMlungu uliwonse ndandanda yanga imasintha,โ anatero Valdez. Nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa kunyumba molawirira, adatero, kapena amaitanidwa antchito akachepa.
Koma mbiri ya Quinn, kutsekereza ndikuthirira malamulo amalipiro a moyo ku New York City kukuwonetsa kuti malonjezo a nthawi yachisankho adzatha mwachangu.
Padziko lonse, Purezidenti wa SEIU a Mary Kay Henry akuwoneka kuti akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba chamalipiro apamwamba. Anatero The New York Times kuti zofunazo โzikuchititsa anthu kumvetsa kuti madola 15 akuchulukirachulukira.โ Purezidenti Barack Obama apereka lingaliro la federal kuti liwonjezeke pang'onopang'ono mpaka $ 9 pa ola, koma Congress sinasunthike.
"$7.25 sikwanira, ndikulonjezani," adatero Shakira Campbell, wogwira ntchito ku New York McDonald. โNdikufuna ndalama zanga. Ndalama zanga zili kuti?
Ndi malipoti ochokera kwa Steven Payne ku Memphis, Josh Sturman ku Seattle, ndi Slobodan Dimitrov ku Los Angeles.
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