Gustavo Petro samangofuna kusintha dziko lake; akufuna kusintha dziko. Mtsogoleri watsopano wa Colombia, yemwe adatenga udindo wa Ogasiti watha, akuyang'ana zomwe amatcha dziko lake "chuma cha imfa.โ Izi zikutanthauza kuti tisiyane ndi mafuta, gasi, malasha, ndi mankhwala ozunguza bongo kuti tizichita zinthu zokhazikika pazachuma. Popeza kuti mafuta ndi malasha make up theka la katundu wa dziko lake kunja - ndipo Colombia ndi dziko lapansi otsogolera opanga cocaine - zimenezo sizikhala zophweka.
Komabe, ngati dziko la Colombia lingachitepo kanthu kotere, zikanatsimikizira maiko ena omwe ali ndi zida zamphamvu zotere - kuphatikiza United States - kuti kusintha kwakukulu ndikotheka. Ndi nkhani zaposachedwa zomwe gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lidzatero pafupifupi kugwa Pazolinga zake zochepetsera mpweya wa 2030, kuyesayesa koyambitsa matenda ku Colombia kwakhala kofulumira komanso kofunikira kuposa kale.
Nzosadabwitsa kuti Petro ndi Francia Marquez, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wosamalira zachilengedwe, akumana ndi zotsutsana kwambiri ndi mapulani awo, ngakhale pakati pawo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yomweyo analengeza kuti aletsa kukumba mafuta atsopano ndi gasi ngati gawo limodzi lofuna kuthetsa ntchito yamafuta opangira mafuta m'dzikolo, iwo okha. zachuma ndi mphamvu maunduna, poopa kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa chuma, anakana kuletsa mapangano oterowo. Boma linanenanso za msonkho watsopano waukulu wotumizira mafuta kunja, koma mwachangu onjezerani mmbuyo poyang'anizana ndi kukana kwamakampani ambiri, kuphatikiza kuchokera ku kampani yamafuta ya boma ya Ecopetrol.
Vuto lalikulu kwambiri limachokera ku vuto lalikulu la ngongole zomwe oyang'anira Petro akukumana nazo. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama za boma kupita ku utumiki Ngongole yayikulu yakunja yaku Columbia. Momwemonso chifukwa chokhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chambiri, mayiko ambiri a Global South adakakamizika kuchotsa ndalama zambiri kuti alipire mabilu osatha kumabanki apadziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, kaya akumane ndi mavuto otani, Petro akuimira chinachake chatsopano. Kupatula apo, dziko la Latin America lomwe latsalira lakonda migodi yambiri komanso kubowola kuti apititse patsogolo malonda, malonda, ndi ndalama zaboma. Purezidenti waku Mexico Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) adatsata kukonzanso kwamakampani amafuta kuti (inde!) alimbikitse kupanga. Awanso ndi njira ya Luiz Inรกcio Lula da Silva (Lula) ku Brazil, pomwe boma la Peronist ku Argentina lidayang'ana kwambiri kuyesa kwakukulu. wonjezani kukumba mafuta m'nyanja. Progressivism ku Latin America, monganso m'madera ena ambiri padziko lapansi, yakhala ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi zokolola zakuthupi zomwe zimapangidwira kugawa chuma chochuluka kwa osauka, ndikutseka kusiyana ndi kumpoto kolemera.
Komabe, nโzomvetsa chisoni kuti ngakhale kuti maboma a kumanzere, kumanja, ndi apakati akutsatiridwa ndi njira zokulira zofanana, maiko onse pamodzi alephera kukwaniritsa chimodzi mwa zolinga zimenezo. Latin America idakalipo madera ambiri azachuma osafanana pa dziko lapansi. Mโmalo moti ifike kumpoto, yabwerera mโmbuyo kwambiri. Mu 1980, GDP pa munthu aliyense pa kontinentiyo inali 42% ya mayiko a G7, maiko otukuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pofika chaka cha 2022 - ngakhale chuma chonse chidayamba kugwa kuchokera pansi ndi nyanja, malonjezo a olimbikitsa malonda aulere, ndi zoyesayesa za ndale zomwe zidapambana mphamvu - GDP yachigawo pamunthu aliyense anali nayo. kugwa kwambiri mpaka 29% ya mayiko a G7.
Tsopano, Colombia ikuyesera china chake chosiyana. Kupambana pamasankho kwa Petro ndi Francia kwayamikiridwa - kapena kunyozedwa - ngati gawo la "pinki wave" ku Latin America komwe kwabweretsa Gabriel Boric pampando ku Chile, Xiomara Castro pamalo apamwamba ku Honduras, ndi Lula kubwerera ku utsogoleri. waku Brazil.
Koma kutengera zomwe Petro ndi Francia akuyesera, kungowazindikiritsa ndi mawonekedwe apinki kungakhale kusokeretsa. Iwo, pambuyo pa zonse, akupereka chithunzithunzi chosiyana kwambiri cha chitukuko cha zachuma, chomwe chili chobiriwira kwambiri kuposa pinki.
Mwina mumaidziwa bwino lamulo loyamba la mabowo: ngati mukupeza kuti muli m'modzi, siyani kukumba. Kwa zaka zambiri, mayiko a ku Latin America ayesa kudzikumba okha mu umphawi - kubowola mafuta, migodi ya lithiamu - kuti adzipeza okha mu dzenje lakuya.
Colombia ndi dziko loyamba kulengeza kuti likufuna kusiya kukumba. Kodi dziko lapansi, makamaka United States, tsopano lithandizira kuti lituluke m'dzenje lazachuma?
Pinki Wave Ameneyo
Kumanzere kungawoneke ngati kukuguba ku Latin America, koma kuyang'anitsitsa zotsatira za zisankho zaposachedwa kukuwonetsa chithunzi chosiyana.
Ku Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro yemwe anali kumanja kumanja akanayenera kugonjetsedwa pachisankho chapulezidenti cha chaka chatha. Kupatula apo, "Trump of the tropics" adatsogolera tsoka la Covid-19 lomwe lidachoka ku Brazil. m'malo achiwiri padziko lonse lapansi (pambuyo pa United States) mโchiลตerengero cha anthu amene anafa ndi mliriwu. Poyamba adathamanga pa nsanja yolimbana ndi ziphuphu, koma ulamuliro wake unali wochuluka kwambiri kulamulira molakwika pazachuma kuti pamapeto pake, chichoke Bolsonaro kuseri kwa mipiringidzo. Ndipo mโmalo motsimikizira anthu a ku Brazil kuti anali wodzipereka ku demokalase, iye anayamikira mobwerezabwereza ulamuliro wankhanza wa dzikolo womwe unakhalapo kalekale, ngakhale kuti anali wodzipereka ku ulamuliro wa demokalase. kubwezeretsanso zikumbutso pa tsiku limene asilikali anatenga ulamuliro mu 1964.
Osati kokha kuti Bolsonaro adatsala pang'ono kumenya Lula - malire achipambano anali ochepera 2% - Liberal Party yake idakulitsa mphamvu zake kale mu Bicameral Congress yadzikoli. Ndipo dziko la Brazil silinali dziko lokhalo lomwe latsala pang'ono kupambana. Maphwando akumanja adatsala pang'ono kupambana zisankho za chaka chatha ku Chile ndi Colombia, nawonso.
Komanso dera lonselo silili ngati paradaiso wapinki. Ku El Salvador, Nayib Bukele yemwe ali ndi mapiko akumanja adakoka a Putin pokulitsa ulamuliro wake panthambi zonse zitatu zaboma. Uruguay, yomwe kale inali kumanzere, wosunthidwa kumanja mu zisankho za 2020, monganso Ecuador mu 2021. Ndipo wokonda kumanzere Pedro Castillo, wosankhidwa kukhala purezidenti wa Peru chaka chimenecho, tsopano ali m'ndende atachotsedwa ntchito atayesa kulanda boma. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi zisankho zaposachedwa, wandale yemwe atha kusintha boma lamanja ku Guatemala, Zury Rios, mwana wamkazi wa wolamulira wankhanza Rios Montt, ali kumanja.
Kuphatikiza apo, maboma atatu omwe amati ndi akumanzere - Cuba, Nicaragua, ndi Venezuela - kwenikweni ndi maboma ankhanza omwe amanga otsutsa, kumanzere ndi kumanja. Maboma ena akumanzere akulowera komweko, ndi Luis Arce waku Bolivia posachedwa kumanga mdani wake wamkulu ndi AMLO waku Mexico kubweza bungwe loyang'anira zisankho.
Pakadali pano, ku Argentina, Purezidenti Alberto Fernandez, yemwe amatsogolera mgwirizano wa Peronist pakati kumanzere ndi Purezidenti wakale Cristina Kirchner, kutchuka kwake kukutsika kwambiri. Party yake, kwenikweni, anataya nthawi yaikulu zisankho zapakati pa 2021, ndipo 67% ya anthu aku Argentina tsopano ali nawo mawonedwe olakwika za iye pokonzekera chisankho chotsatira mu October.
Mlandu wa ku Argentina ndi chikumbutso kuti zomwe zingawoneke ngati "pinki wave" kapena "anti-pinki wave" ndizokwiyitsa okhawo omwe ali ndi udindo. Anthu aku Latin America "ataya ma bums kunja" mkati 15 mwa zisankho khumi ndi zisanu zapitazi. Monga kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi, ambiri mwa oponya voti ali ndi maudindo m'bungwe lonse chifukwa chakulephereka kwa kusintha kwachuma kuti abweretse chitukuko. Anthu okonda kumanja agwiritsanso ntchito ndale za chidani - motsutsana alendo, ndi Gulu la LGBT, akazi, ndi zachikhalidwendipo anthu ochokera ku Africa - kuti afulumizitse kukwera kwawo, ndi chithandizo chachikulu chochokera ku malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi zofalitsa zamanja. Monga ku United States, mkangano wa White, amuna, wodana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha uku wayamba kugwirizana ndi mkwiyo wachuma womwe anthu onse padziko lapansi akukumana nawo. anasiyidwa.
Ndicho chimene chimapangitsa chitsanzo cha Colombia kukhala chofunika kwambiri: ndizosiyana, osati lamulo. Mtsogoleri wina yekha amene amayandikira ndi Gabriel Boric ku Chile. Atasankha katswiri wa zanyengo kuti akhale nduna yake ya chilengedwe, Boric wadzipereka kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya ndi kupeza. zatsopano, zokhazikika kwa amene ali โmโmagawo operekera nsembeโ mโdzikolo. Koma sadziperekanso kuti akhazikitse dziko la Chile ngati mtsogoleri wotsogola wa lithiamu, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamabatire a ion omwe amatha kuchangidwa, omwe kutulutsa kwake kumakhala koopsa. ngozi zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Ku Latin America, pambuyo pake, zinthu monga lithiamu ndi mfumu. Pakati pa 2000 ndi 2014, mayiko ake anasangalala kukwera kwa zinthu zomwe zidakweza zogulitsa kunja ndikulimbikitsa kukula (ngakhale sizinali zokwanira kuthetsa kusiyana kwachuma ndi Kumpoto kolemera).
China, yomwe idatenga 1% yokha ya zomwe Latin America idatumiza kunja mu 2000, koma tsopano amatenga pafupifupi 15% ya iwo, akhala akulimbikitsa dera kuti liwonjezere zokolola. Masiku ano, South America wotsogolera malonda - ndipo nambala yachiwiri ku Latin America yonse - China ikufuna zida zopangira mafuta, mkuwa, ndi soya kuti zidyetse mafakitole ake ndi anthu ake. Zawonjezeranso kutumizidwa kunja kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamagetsi ongowonjezwdwa monga lithium kwa mabatire ndi raft kwa masamba opangira mphepo.
"Mitsempha yotseguka ya Latin America" โโyomwe wolemba waku Uruguay Eduardo Galeano zolembedwa bwino nthawi zakale akuchulukirachulukira kukhetsa magazi ndi China.
Wobiriwira Mnansi Wabwino?
Latin America sikuti imangopereka zida zopangira mphamvu zaku China komanso Kumpoto padziko lonse lapansi. Ili mkati mwa kusintha kwake komwe. M'malo mwake, ikumanga pano kuwirikiza kanayi mphamvu ya dzuwa kuposa European Union ndikupanga maziko amphamvu atsopano omwe akuyenera kulimbikitsa ndi 70% kuchuluka kwa magetsi adzuwa omwe angapereke kuderali. Onjezani mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zakhazikitsidwa kuwonjezeka kwa 460% ndi 2030.
Ambiri mwa mphamvuzi, komabe, akukhazikika m'maiko ochepa otsogozedwa ndi Brazil, Colombia, ndi Chile. Mpaka pano, atatuwa, pamodzi ndi Mexico ndi Peru, ali ndi udindo wowonjezera 97% ya mphamvu zowonjezera dzuwa. Kusintha kwamphamvu kosasunthika, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kukuwopseza kugawa derali kukhala bloc yoyera yomwe ikukwera komanso yonyansa kwambiri.
Apa ndipamene United States ingabwere.
Mโzaka za mโma 1930, olamulira a Pulezidenti Franklin Delano Roosevelt anavumbula njira yatsopano ku Latin America: Policy Neighbor Policy. Kubwezeretsa kulowererapo kwazaka zana ku US, mfundo yatsopanoyi idagogomezera kusalowererapo komanso kusalowerera m'derali, komanso kulimbikitsa malonda ndi zokopa alendo. Komabe, panalibe kanthu kena kake kameneko. Roosevelt ankafuna kuti atsegule Latin America kuti atumize kunja kwa US, kupeza mwayi wopeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake atetezedwe pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.
Masiku ano, vuto lina likufuna kuti United States ilumikizane mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi oyandikana nawo akumwera. Mayiko aku Europe akukokera limodzi kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi a Deal Green European Deal. Washington iyenera kuyesa kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi Latin America.
Kupatula apo, China ikutsutsa US kuti ikhale pachiwopsezo pazachuma kumbuyo kwawo, pomwe ikukulitsa malonda kumeneko mwachangu modabwitsa. Izo zinatumiza mabiliyoni a madola thandizo ndi ngongole kuderali pakutha kwa mliri wa Covid ndi mwachindunji padera monga momwe zilili ndi European Union.
Kuti alembetse anthu aku Latin America pankhondo wamba - kapena kuti akhalebe ofunikira - Washington ikuyenera kupereka china chake. Pakadali pano, kusuntha kwa oyang'anira a Biden kwakhala kokhumudwitsa mokhumudwitsa. Zowona, idapempha $ 2.4 biliyoni kuti ithandizire dera mu 2023, the kwambiri m'zaka khumi. Komabe, yerekezerani izi ndi $ 3.3 biliyoni pa chithandizo chankhondo chapachaka chomwe US โโimatumiza ku Israeli kokha kapena $ 75 biliyoni mothandizidwa kutumizidwa ku Ukraine chaka chatha.
Yakwana nthawi yoti oyang'anira a Biden akhazikitse Policy Green Good Neibor Policy yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga Colombia kukhala lamulo, osati kupatula. Latin America yonse ikufunika kusintha kuchokera kumafuta oyambira kale ndipo United States ikhoza kufulumizitsa izi pothandizira thumba lachitukuko la Green. Itchani Green Road Initiative (mosiyana ndi China's Belt and Road Initiative).
Mpaka pano, akuluakulu a boma alonjeza zina. Secretary of State Antony Blinken analonjeza chaka chatha kuti United States ithandiza derali kuti likwaniritse "kukula ndi chilungamo." Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa, kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ku Latin America kungathe pangani 10% ntchito zambiri pofika 2030, kutembenuza mawu a Blinken kukhala zenizeni. Utsogoleri walonjezanso kuti mapangano azamalonda amtsogolo sadzakhala ndi zofunikira - zopezeka m'mabungwe amakono - zomwe zimalola mabungwe kuti azisumira maboma pamalamulo omwe amakhudza zomwe amafunikira. Banki yofunika kwambiri m'chigawo chonse, panthawiyi, ndi kuyamba kuthandiza mapulojekiti owonjezera a Green.
Koma zonsezi ndi, chabwino, ndi theka masitepe. Ngati oyang'anira a Biden akufunadi kusintha, angapange Green Bank kuti ithandizire ndalama zosinthira mphamvu zaku Latin America, ndikukonzanso - kapena kupitilira apo, kuletsa - ngongole zomwe zalepheretsa zoyesayesa ngati za Colombia kuti zithandizire kusintha kwakukulu pazachuma. . Dongosolo lachigawoli litha kuphatikizanso ogulitsa ngati Cuba, El Salvador, Nicaragua, ndi Venezuela. Mofanana ndi China, mgwirizano wobiriwira sikutanthauza mgwirizano pa mndandanda wa zinthu monga momwe zida zankhondo ndi Soviet Union zinkafunira mgwirizano pa ufulu wa anthu pa Cold War.
Uku si kudzipereka. Monga mu nthawi ya Roosevelt, wotukuka kwambiri komanso chilengedwely Latin America yokhazikika ingakhale yocheperako kutumiza mafunde a anthu osamukira ku United States, pomwe ikupanga misika yambiri ya katundu waku US. O, komanso zitsimikiziranso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi kuti mwina, mwina, Florida isasowe m'nyanja.
Colombia ndi dziko laling'ono, lopanda pake lomwe limayang'anizana ndi zovuta zazitali ngati injini yaying'ono yomwe ikuganiza kuti ingathe, ikuganiza kuti ingathe, ikuganiza kuti ikhoza ...
Koma kutsimikizira kuti kungathedi, kuti kusintha kwakukulu koteroko kudzachitika, thandizo likufunika ndipo posachedwa. Izi ndizowona makamaka popatsidwa lamulo lachiwiri la mabowo: ngakhale mutasiya kukumba, mudakali pansi.
Kukankha mwamphamvu kuchokera kwa mnansi wabwino wobiriwira kungathandize Columbia - ndi enafe - kuyamba kukwera ndikukwera mtunda watsopano.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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