Kusamuka kwakhala gawo lothandizira pamikangano yandale ku United States kwazaka zambiri, ndipo mizinda ingapo imati "yafika pachimake" pomwe ikuvutikira kulandira ndi kuthandiza osamukira omwe abwera. Koma kodi palidi vuto la malire? Ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani mizinda ngati New York ikulephera kupirira kuchuluka kwa anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena pamene chiwerengero chawo sichili chachilendo malinga ndi mmene anthu amayendera? Kodi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka Biden pamalamulo achitetezo kwasintha? Kodi pali "njira" yothetsera kusamuka "vuto"? Avi Chomsky amayankha mafunso awa muzoyankhulana zapadera za Wopanda.
Avi Chomsky ndi pulofesa wa mbiri yakale komanso wogwirizanitsa maphunziro a Latin America ku Salem State University. Iye ndi mlembi wa mabuku ambiri, kuphatikizapo Kodi Sayansi Yokwanira? Mafunso Makumi Ofunika Kwambiri Okhudza Chilungamo Chanyengo (2022); Mbiri Yoyiwalika ya Central America: Revolution, Chiwawa, ndi Mizu ya Kusamuka (2021); "Amatenga Ntchito Zathu!": Ndi Zikhulupiriro Zina 20 Zokhudza Kusamuka (2007); ndi Opanda Zikalata: Momwe Kusamukira Kumayiko Ena Kunakhalira Kosaloledwa (2014).
CJ Polychroniou: Kuchulukana kwa anthu osamukira kumalire akumwera kwadzetsa chidwi posachedwa, ndipo mkangano wobwera kuchokera kumayiko ena ukuyambanso. M'malo mwake, zonena zotsutsana ndi osamukira kumayiko ena zakula pambuyo poti a Donald Trump adanena mu kuyankhulana kwaposachedwa kuti anthu osalembedwa "akupha magazi a dziko lathu," pomwe wofalitsa wailesi ya MAGA adayitanitsa kuwombera kwa ogwira ntchito zachifundo omwe akuthandiza osamukira. Choyamba, kodi pali vuto lenileni la kusamuka kumalire akumwera kwa US? Anthu ambiri akuwoneka kuti akuganiza kuti US ili ndi vuto lamalire, ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti palibe mgwirizano wandale pa momwe angathanirane ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu osamukira kwawo. Kodi inuyo mukuganiza bwanji pankhaniyi, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani chiŵerengero cha anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena chikuchulukirachulukira m’kupita kwa zaka?
Avi Chomsky: Sindikuvomereza kwenikweni kuti pali “vuto la m’malire.” Pali zovuta zingapo, mkati mwa US ndi kunja, ndipo nthawi zina zimawonekera kwambiri kwa atolankhani ndi anthu aku US pamalire - koma malire ndi gawo limodzi lamavuto.
Vuto lenileni ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'mayiko monga Haiti, Guatemala, Venezuela, ndi malo ena omwe mbiri yakale ya kuzunzika kwa atsamunda, kusalingana, ndi chiwawa zimakulitsidwa ndi ndondomeko zachuma za neoliberal, militarization, mitundu yatsopano ya extractivism ndi kusamuka, ngongole ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, ndikukankhira anthu m’nyumba zawo ndi kusamuka. Anthu ambiri omwe amachoka m'nyumba zawo kuti ayende ulendo wowopsa ndikuyembekeza kukafika ku US siosamukira kudziko lina - amachotsedwa m'nyumba zawo chifukwa chachisoni.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Aviva Chomsky ndi wolemba mbiri waku America wochuluka, wolemba, komanso womenyera ufulu, ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito mu mgwirizano wa Latin America ndi nkhani za ufulu wa anthu othawa kwawo kuyambira 1980s. Panopa amaphunzitsa ku Salem State University ku Massachusetts, komwe alinso wogwirizanitsa maphunziro a Latin America. M'mbuyomu anali wothandizana nawo kafukufuku ku yunivesite ya Harvard, komwe adaphunzira mbiri ya Caribbean ndi Latin America. Buku lake lakuti West Indian Workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica 1870-1940 linapatsidwa Mphotho Yabwino Kwambiri ya Buku la 1997 ndi New England Council of Latin American Studies. Ndiwolembanso mabuku ena ambiri monga Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, ndi Making of a Global Working Class. Zolemba zake zonena za ufulu wosamukira kudziko lina zawonekera mu The Nation, HuffPost ndi TomDispatch.