Zaka zoposa zana zapita chiyambire pamene Norman Angell, mtolankhani wa ku Britain ndi wandale zadziko, anafalitsa โThe Great Illusion,โ nkhani yotsutsa kuti nthaลตi ya kugonjetsa inalipo kapena iyenera kutha.
Sananeneretu za kutha kwa nkhondo, koma adatsutsa kuti nkhondo zowopsa sizikhalanso zomveka - kuti nkhondo zamakono zimasaukitsa opambana komanso ogonjetsedwa.
Iye anali wolondola, koma mwachiwonekere ndi phunziro lovuta kulilandira. Ndithudi Vladimir Putin sanapezepo memo. Ndipo ngakhalenso ma neocons athu, omwe vuto lawo lalikulu la Putin likuwonetsa kuti sanaphunzirepo kanthu kuchokera ku Iraq.
Mlandu wa Angell unali wosavuta: Kufunkha sikunali monga kale. Simungathe kuchitira anthu amakono monga momwe Roma wakale adachitira chigawo chogonjetsedwa popanda kuwononga chuma chomwe mukufuna kulanda.
Ndipo panthawiyi, nkhondo kapena chiwopsezo cha nkhondo, mwa kusokoneza kugwirizana kwa malonda ndi zachuma, kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri kupitirira ndalama zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi kutumiza asilikali. Nkhondo imakupangitsani kukhala wosauka komanso wofooka, ngakhale mutapambana.
Kupatulapo ku dictum iyi kumatsimikizira lamuloli. Palinso achifwamba omwe amamenya nkhondo kuti asangalale komanso apeze phindu, koma amatero nthawi zonse m'malo omwe zinthu zongowonongeka ndizomwe zimapeza chuma.
Magulu achifwamba amene akungโamba dziko la Central African Republic akuthamangitsa diamondi ndi minyanga ya njovu yosakaza; Boma la Islamic likhoza kunena kuti likubweretsa ulamuliro watsopano, koma mpaka pano lakhala likugwira minda yamafuta.
Mfundo ndi yakuti zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa msilikali wa nkhondo yachinayi ndizodziwononga zokha kwa mtundu wa America - kapena ngakhale Russia.
Tawonani zomwe zimadutsa kuti Putin apambane, kulanda Crimea: Russia mwina idalanda chilumbachi popanda kutsutsa, koma zomwe idapeza kuchokera pachigonjetso chake chinali chuma chomwe sichingathe kupereka msonkho, ndipo kwenikweni chimafuna ndalama zambiri. thandizo.
Pakadali pano, ndalama zakunja ndi kubwereketsa ku Russia zidatsika pang'ono ngakhale mitengo yamafuta isanatsika idasintha zinthu kukhala zovuta zachuma.
Zomwe zikutifikitsa ku mafunso awiri akulu. Choyamba, n'chifukwa chiyani Putin anachita chinthu chopusa kwambiri? Chachiwiri, nโchifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri otchuka ku United States anachita chidwi ndi kupusa kwake?
Yankho la funso loyamba ndi lodziwikiratu ngati mukuganiza za mbiri ya Putin. Kumbukirani, iye ndi munthu wakale wa KGB - kutanthauza kuti, adakhala zaka zake zachinyamata ngati katswiri wamatsenga.
Chiwawa ndi ziwopsezo zachiwawa, zowonjezeredwa ndi ziphuphu ndi ziphuphu, ndizomwe akudziwa.
Ndipo kwa zaka zambiri analibe chilimbikitso chophunzira china chilichonse: Kukwera kwamafuta kunapangitsa Russia kukhala wolemera, ndipo monga aliyense amene amatsogolera kunthambi, iye ndithudi anadzikhutiritsa yekha kuti iye anali ndi udindo wa chipambano chake. Mongoyerekeza, sanazindikire mpaka masiku angapo apitawo kuti samadziwa momwe angagwire ntchito m'zaka za zana la 21.
Yankho la funso lachiwiri ndilovuta kwambiri, koma tisaiwale momwe tidathera ku Iraq.
Sizinali kuyankha ku 9/11, kapena umboni wakuwopseza kokulirapo. Inali, m'malo mwake, nkhondo yosankha kusonyeza mphamvu za US ndikukhala umboni wa lingaliro la mndandanda wonse wa nkhondo za neocons zomwe zinali zofunitsitsa kumenyana. Kumbukirani โAliyense akufuna kupita ku Baghdad. Amuna enieni akufuna kupita ku Tehranโ?
Mfundo ndi yakuti pali gulu la ndale lamphamvu kwambiri ku America lomwe likudzipereka ku lingaliro lakuti kugonjetsa kumalipira, komanso kuti mwachizoloลตezi njira yokhalira wamphamvu ndikuchita molimba mtima ndikupangitsa anthu ena kuchita mantha.
Mmodzi akukayikira, mwa njira, kuti lingaliro lonyenga la mphamvu ndilo chifukwa chake omanga nkhondo adapanga chizoloลตezi chozunza - sizinali zambiri zokhudzana ndi zotsatira monga kusonyeza kufunitsitsa kuchita chirichonse chomwe chingatenge.
Maloto a Neocon adagonjetsa pamene ntchito ya Iraq inasanduka fiasco yamagazi, koma sanaphunzirepo kanthu. (Ndani amatero, masiku ano?) Ndipo kotero iwo ankawona Russian adventurism ndi kusilira ndi kaduka. Ayenera kuti adanena kuti adachita mantha ndi kupita patsogolo kwa Russia, kuti akhulupirire kuti Putin, "omwe mumamutcha mtsogoleri," akusewera chess ku miyala ya Purezidenti Barack Obama. Koma chomwe chinkawavutitsa kwambiri ndichakuti Putin anali kukhala moyo womwe amangodziganizira okha.
Chowonadi, komabe, ndikuti nkhondo kwenikweni, siyilipira. Ntchito yaku Iraq idamaliza kufooketsa udindo wa US padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe idawononga ndalama zoposa $800 biliyoni pakuwononga mwachindunji komanso zina zambiri mwanjira zosalunjika.
America ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yeniyeni, kotero tikhoza kuthana ndi zotayika zotere - ngakhale munthu amanjenjemera kuti aganizire zomwe zikanatheka ngati "amuna enieni" adapatsidwa mwayi wopita ku zolinga zina.
Koma chuma chosalimba chazachuma ngati Russia sichikhala ndi kuthekera kofanana ndi zolakwa zake.
Sindikudziwa zomwe zidzachitike paulamuliro wa Putin. Koma Putin watipatsa tonse phunziro lofunika. Osadandaula ndi mantha ndi mantha: M'dziko lamakono, kugonjetsa ndi kwa otayika.
Paul Krugman ndi wolemba nkhani wa New York Times. Ntchito yake ikuwonekera Lachitatu pa PennLive.
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