Amazon.com, wogulitsa wamkulu pa intaneti, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzo m'njira zomwe zimapweteka America.
O.K., ndikudziwa kuti zinali zadzidzidzi. Koma ndinkafuna kupeza mfundo yapakati pomwepo, chifukwa zokambirana za Amazon nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotayika pazinthu zambali.
Mwachitsanzo, otsutsa kampani nthawi zina amawonetsa ngati a chilombo zatsala pang'ono kulanda chuma chonse. Zonena zotere zili pamwamba - Amazon siimalamulira malonda onse pa intaneti, osasiyapo kugulitsa zonse, ndipo mwina sadzatero. Koma ndiye chiyani? Amazon ikugwirabe ntchito yovuta.
Pakadali pano, oteteza a Amazon nthawi zambiri amalowa kugulitsa mabuku pa intaneti, zomwe zakhaladi chinthu chabwino kwa anthu ambiri aku America, kapena umboni kwa makasitomala a Amazon - ndipo ngati mukudabwa, inde, ndili ndi Amazon Prime ndipo ndimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Koma kachiwiri, ndiye chiyani? Kufunika kwaukadaulo watsopano, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwaukadaulo kwa Amazon si vuto. Pambuyo pake, John D. Rockefeller ndi anzake anali abwino kwambiri pa bizinesi ya mafuta, nayenso - koma Standard Oil anali ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo zochita za anthu kuti athetse mphamvuzo zinali zofunika.
N’chimodzimodzinso ndi Amazon masiku ano.
Ngati simunatsatire nkhani zaposachedwa za Amazon: Kubwerera mu Meyi mkangano pakati Amazon ndi Hachette, nyumba yaikulu yosindikizira mabuku, inayambitsa nkhondo yapoyera yamalonda. Amazon inali ikufuna kudulidwa kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa mabuku a Hachette omwe amagulitsa; pamene Hachette anakwiya, Amazon inayamba kusokoneza malonda a wofalitsa. Mabuku a Hachette sanaletsedwe mwachindunji patsamba la Amazon, koma Amazon idayamba kuchedwetsa kutumiza, kukweza mitengo yawo, ndi / kapena kuwongolera makasitomala kwa osindikiza ena.
Mutha kuyesedwa kunena kuti iyi ndi bizinesi chabe - sizosiyana ndiMafuta a Standard, m'masiku asanafike idasweka, kukana kutumiza mafuta kudzera panjanji zomwe zidakana kupereka kuchotsera kwapadera. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti: Nthawi ya anthu achifwamba inatha pamene ife monga fuko tinaganiza kuti njira zina zamalonda zinali zosatheka. Ndipo funso ndiloti ngati tikufuna kubwereranso pa chisankho chimenecho.
Kodi Amazon ilidi ndi mphamvu zamsika zamtundu wakuba-baron? Zikafika pamabuku, ndithudi. Amazon imalamulira kwambiri malonda a mabuku a pa intaneti, ndi gawo la msika lofanana ndi gawo la Standard Oil la msika wa mafuta oyengedwa pamene unasweka mu 1911. Ngakhale mutayang'ana malonda a mabuku onse, Amazon ndi osewera kwambiri.
Pakadali pano Amazon sinayesere kudyera masuku pamutu ogula. M'malo mwake, idasunga mitengo yotsika, kuti ilimbikitse kulamulira kwake. Zomwe zachita, m'malo mwake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zamsika kuyika osindikiza, makamaka kutsitsa mitengo yomwe amalipira pamabuku - chifukwa chake nkhondo ndi Hachette. M'mabuku azachuma, Amazon sikuti, mpaka pano, ikuchita ngati wokhazikika, wogulitsa wamkulu yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zokweza mitengo. M'malo mwake, ikuchita ngati monopsonist, wogula wamkulu yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsitsa mitengo.
Ndipo kutsogolo kwake mphamvu yake ndiyambiri - kwenikweni, yokulirapo kuposa momwe kuchuluka kwa magawo amsika kumasonyezera. Kugulitsa mabuku kumadalira kwambiri phokoso ndi mawu apakamwa (ndicho chifukwa chake olemba nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa ku maulendo otopetsa a mabuku); mumagula bukhu chifukwa mudamvapo, chifukwa anthu ena akuliwerenga, chifukwa ndi mutu wa zokambirana, chifukwa adapanga mndandanda wogulitsa kwambiri. Ndipo zomwe Amazon ili nazo ndi mphamvu zophera phokoso. Ndizotheka, ndikuyesetsa kwina, kugula buku lomwe mudamvapo ngakhale Amazon silinyamula - koma ngati Amazon ilibe bukhulo, simungamvepo za izi poyamba. malo.
Ndiye kodi tingadalire Amazon kuti asagwiritse ntchito mphamvuzo molakwika? Mkangano wa Hachette wathetsa funsoli: ayi, sitingathe.
Sizokhudza ndalama zokha, ngakhale ndizofunika: Poyika kufinya kwa osindikiza, Amazon pamapeto pake ikuvulaza olemba ndi owerenga. Koma palinso funso la chikoka chosayenera.
Mwachindunji, chilango chomwe Amazon ikupereka pa mabuku a Hachette ndi choipa mwa icho chokha, koma palinso kusankha mwachidwi momwe chilangocho chagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mwezi watha Times Bits blog analemba nkhani ya mabuku aŵiri a Hachette akulandira chithandizo chosiyana kwambiri. Mmodzi ndi Daniel Schulman "Ana a Wichita,” mbiri ya abale a Koch; wina ndi "Njira Yopita patsogolo, "Wolemba Paul Ryan, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa Mitt Romney ndipo ndi wapampando wa Komiti ya Bajeti ya Nyumba. Onsewa adalembedwa kuti ali oyenerera ku Amazon Prime, komanso buku la Bambo Ryan Amazon amapereka mwachizolowezi kutumiza kwaulere masiku awiri. Nanga bwanji za "Ana a Wichita"? Pofika Lamlungu, "nthawi zambiri imatumiza pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu." U-nhu.
Zomwe zimatibweretsanso ku funso lofunikira. Osandiwuza kuti Amazon ikupereka ogula zomwe akufuna, kapena kuti yapeza malo ake. Chofunika ndi chakuti ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzo molakwika. Chabwino, izo zimatero, ndipo ziri.
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