Kodi ndi kangati mwatsegula chitseko cha firiji, ndikuwunika zakudya? Mchitidwe wotchuka komanso wooneka ngati wabwino ndi umodzi mwa ambiri omwe, malinga ndi Mtsogoleri wa US National Intelligence James Clapper, posachedwa atuluke ngati gwero lachidziwitso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ndi - motsutsa - kulamulira nzika ndi ogula.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatchedwa 'Internet of Things' (IoT), furiji yatsopano ya Samsung ndi chitofu chanzeru ndi zinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri mu 'smart-home' zomwe zimayesa kuphatikiza zida zathu zonse, zida ndi zida. zinthu kugwiritsa ntchito masensa ndi maukonde azidziwitso m'nyumba, mabizinesi, malo antchito ndi magalimoto. Ikuganiziridwa ngati kusintha kwapakompyuta kotsatira ndipo ikuyembekezeka kuwonekera ngati bizinesi ya madola mabiliyoni ambiri pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Komabe, anthu ambiri sakudziwa izi zinthu angasinthidwe kukhala zida za akazitape mwachinsinsi.
'M'tsogolomu, ntchito zanzeru zitha kugwiritsa ntchito [Intaneti Yazinthu] pozindikiritsa, kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira malo, ndi kuyang'ana polemba anthu, kapena kupeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito maukonde kapena zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito,' Clapper. anati mu umboni wapagulu ku Senate ya US Lachiwiri.
Samsung's SmartTV yafika pansi kuyang'anitsitsa anthu chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kumvetsera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amangocheza mwachisawawa akuwonera makanema omwe amakonda. Zoseweretsa zowoneka ngati zopanda vuto monga a Mattel's Wi-Fi-enabled Barbie akhoza kubedwa kukhala chidole cha kazitape chomwe chimayang'ana zokambirana zapamtima pakati pa ana, zidole ndi makolo - omwe sadziwa kuti zinsinsi zawo zikuphwanyidwa. Maikolofoni amkati m'magalimoto atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kujambula okwera mwachinsinsi ndikutumiza zokambirana zawo kwa anthu ena.
Makampani ambiri - kuphatikiza Apple, General Electric, Nike ndi Google - akuyika ndalama muukadaulo womwe ungalumikizane ndi zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku ku IoT ndikukonza zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito kudzera mumtambo. Kuchulukirachulukira komwe kukuyembekezeka kwa data yopangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri kwachititsa akatswiri kuda nkhawa kuti tikuyandikira kukwera kwa kuyang'anira. Ogwira ntchito zamalamulo ndi azamalamulo atha kuyamba kufunafuna malamulo okakamiza Samsung, Google kapena ogulitsa zida zina zapaintaneti kuti akankhire zosintha kapena kutembenuza chosinthira cha digito kuti aletse kulumikizana komwe kuli komwe mukufuna.
Izi zikutsatira nkhawa zomwe zakula kale za akazitape aboma. Mchaka cha 2013, yemwe kale anali kontrakitala wa National Security Agency (NSA) a Edward Snowden adawulula kuti bungwe la US ndi anzawo akuwunika mosavomerezeka nzika zakunja ndi kunja, kuphatikiza kuzonda apurezidenti ndi nduna zazikulu zamayiko ena. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mabungwe oganiza bwino, magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso nzika padziko lonse lapansi zakhala zikulira chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa zidziwitso zosaloledwa mwa kuphwanya zinsinsi, ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso ufulu wachibadwidwe.
M'chaka chatha, Privacy International yachita kuwunika kowululidwa ku Uganda, Pakistan, Colombia ndi Singapore. Amnesty International wachenjeza kuti maboma 'akusonkhanitsa' deta yamagetsi yamtundu uliwonse komanso kuti boma la Britain 'ndilo limodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu.' Mu Disembala, PEN International inanena nkhawa yaikulu ya 'kuwongolera modabwitsa kumene akuluakulu a boma la Turkey akuyesa kukambirana zovomerezeka ndi anthu pa intaneti.' Ku Poland, anthu zikwizikwi omwe ali ndi nkhawa ali tikuguba pano motsutsana ndi boma lawo lomwe likuwonjezera mphamvu zake zowunika. Ndipo tsopano Clapper akuchenjeza za kugwiritsa ntchito IoT kusonkhanitsa zambiri. Anthu ali ndi nkhawa.
Kuyang'anitsitsa kumadzetsa mavuto ambiri andale ndi akhalidwe. Popanda chilolezo chalamulo, kuyang'anira kumasokoneza mfundo ndi machitidwe a demokalase. Maboma amanena kuti n’kothandiza kwambiri chitetezo cha dziko kusonkhanitsa mobisa zokhudza nzika. Malipoti akusonyeza kuti maboma omwewo ndikufuna kupeza maakaunti amakampani kuti athe kukumba deta ya ogula. Ngakhale kuti anthu amagawana mofunitsitsa zowululira za iwo eni, mabanja awo ndi anzawo tsiku lililonse pamasamba ochezera a pa Intaneti, Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ku United States yakhala ikugwira ntchito. anaphunzira kwambiri momwe mungakhudzire ogwiritsa ntchito awa. Ndipo Facebook mkangano ankafuna kuphunzira momwe mungaletsere malingaliro a ogwiritsa ntchito posintha nkhani zake.
Boma ndi mphamvu zamakampani zafalikira kudzera mu ma capillaries a kulumikizana ndi ukadaulo wazidziwitso. Intaneti ya Zinthu ipangitsa kuti izi zifalikire kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa zida zamagetsi. Ulamuliro wochulukirachulukira kutengera deta kuchokera kwa opereka chithandizo ndi mautumiki amtambo, m'pamenenso nthawi yabwino ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku - kuphika, kuyendetsa galimoto, kusewera, kupumula pamaso pa TV - idzakhala magwero olemera a kusonkhanitsa deta, kudziwitsa maboma ndi makampani za zosankha za munthu payekha komanso machitidwe a anthu onse, kuchokera ku granular mpaka wamkulu. Mofanana ndi teknoloji yambiri, kuopsa kwake kuli m'mene idzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati anthu adayikidwa patsogolo, deta yotereyi ndikanathera dziwitsani boma ndi makampani kuti ayese ndikuwonetsetsa kugawidwa kwazinthu moyenera. Mafiriji amatha kuyankhula ndi opanga zakudya zokhudzana ndi kadyedwe, kupereka zowunikira bwino pazosowa ndikuwongolera kupanga kuti zisawonongeke. Komabe, pazachuma chamsika kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kudzakhala kupindulitsa mabungwe olemera kale ndikukhazikitsa mphamvu zaboma. Tidzapitilizabe kunyalanyaza njala ndi zosowa za omwe sangathe kutenga nawo mbali pamsika wazinthu zomwe zili pa intaneti ya Zinthu.
Kodi kubisa kungathandize kuti zidziwitso zathu zisasonkhanitsidwe motere - zomwe zimaposa malire a Big Brother a George Orwell? Zowonadi, pothana ndi kusokoneza, nzika zagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa encryption pakulumikizana kwawo. Poyankha zofuna za msika, makampani ena akuluakulu, monga Apple, Google ndi Facebook, apanga mautumiki ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kubisala kumapeto-kumapeto, kumene sipangakhale munthu pakati yemwe angathe kumvetsera mauthenga a wogwiritsa ntchito.
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma encryption, mothandizidwa ndi makampani akulu omwe amapereka njira zolumikizirana zotetezeka, kwadetsa nkhawa akuluakulu aboma. Ku US, FBI, CIA ndi NSA akhala akudandaula kwa nthawi yayitali za vuto la 'kupita mdima', pomwe kusiyana pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi luso losonkhanitsa chidziwitso kukukulirakulira.
mu posachedwapa lipoti la Harvard University, akatswiri ofufuza komanso odziwa zachitetezo cha pa intaneti akuwonetsa kuti mauthenga akuyenda mosalekeza kuposa momwe boma lingawathandizire. Boma likuopa kuti 'bowo likutseka' ndipo, likatsekedwa, adzakhala 'akhungu'. Komabe, akatswiriwa sagwirizana, ponena kuti fanizo la 'kupita mdima' 'sikujambula momwe zinthu zilili panopa komanso chitukuko cha luso lamakono.'
Monga zazindikirika ndi akatswiri, makampani ambiri sangathe kutengera matekinoloje achinsinsi. Makampani ambiri amatha kupanga ndalama zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pogulitsa mwayi wotsatsa pa intaneti. M'malo mwake, mabizinesi ambiri omwe amapereka ntchito zoyankhulirana amadalira mwayi wopeza deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze ndalama komanso magwiridwe antchito. Zachilengedwe zamapulogalamu zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chogawika, zomwe zingapangitse kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachinsinsi kukhala kovuta. Makampani ambiri omwe amapereka zosankha zachinsinsi amaperekanso maboma deta yomwe ingawunikidwe kuti awonedwe.
IoT isintha malo athu omangidwa komanso malo athu. Mosiyana ndi 'kukhala mdima' motsutsana ndi mantha a boma, zosinthazi zidzapereka mphamvu zowonjezereka zowunikira. Zinsinsi zikutayika. Kuyang'anitsitsa kudzapitirira (monga momwe kwakhalira kwa nthawi yaitali) zolinga za chitetezo cha dziko. Komabe ambiri adzakopeka ndi pempho la boma kuti liwonjezere kuyang'anira kuti atiteteze. Ngakhale kusintha kwa IoT kumalonjeza chitonthozo ndi kumasuka, kodi ndife okonzeka kupatsa maboma ndi mabungwe zidziwitso zaumwini nthawi zonse mukusintha kofananira komwe kudzakulitsa kasamalidwe ndi kuwongolera anthu ndi anthu?
Chris Spanos ndi Digital Editor New Internationalist. Nkhani yake ya Twitter ndi: @cspannos
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