Bank of America zimachokera ku California. Yakhazikitsidwa ku Los Angeles mu 1923, idagulidwa ndi banki ya San Francisco, yomwe idatenga dzinali mu 1930-ndipo m'kupita kwanthawi idakula kukhala banki yachiwiri yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi ndi madipoziti, yachiwiri pambuyo pa Chase yochokera ku New York.
Ndikukuuzani izi pa zifukwa ziwiri. Mmodzi, California ali, monga mwa kulemba uku, kukhala mwamtheradi kumenyedwa ndi โmtsinje wa mumlengalengaโ umene wagwetsa mphamvu kwa zikwi mazanamazana ndi kuchititsa matope pamalo okwera mโmphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific. Monga Andrew Dessler anafotokoza dzulo, physics ndi yophweka: "Planeti lotentha limakhala ndi nthunzi yambiri yamadzi mumlengalenga. Ndipo, china chilichonse kukhala chofanana, mtsinje wa mumlengalenga wokhala ndi nthunzi wamadzi wochuluka umayambitsa mvula yambiri ikafika pamtunda ndikuyamba kukwera. โ
Ndipo chachiwiri, Bank of America ndiyomwe idayambitsa chipwirikiti chamtunduwu, chifukwa imakana kusiya kubwereketsa kuti awonjezere mafuta. Zowonadi, sabata yatha idachitapo kanthu mosasamala kwambiri za nyengo yanyengo.
Amawopa kwambiri msungichuma wina wa GOP wothira mafuta kuposa momwe amachitira mtsinje wamumlengalenga womwe ukugwera pachuma chachisanu padziko lonse lapansi.
Zaka zitatu zapitazo - potsatira kuwukira kwa achinyamata a Greta padziko lonse lapansi - Bank of America ikuwoneka kuti iyenera kuchitapo kanthu, kotero idasankha njira yosavuta yowonetsera kubiriwira kwake kumene. Linati silingabwerekenso migodi yatsopano ya malasha kapena malo opangira magetsi opangira malasha kapena kufufuza mafuta atsopano ku Arctic. Izi zidawoneka ngati zotumbululuka chifukwaโฆ chabwino, zili choncho. Iwo akuimira ena mwa chipongwe choipitsitsa chomwe chingachitike padziko lapansi lino.
Koma sabata yatha adati, osazitengera. Ngati mukufuna ndalama zogulira mgodi watsopano wa malasha, zenera lathu latsegulidwanso. Ngati ndinu kampani yamafuta yomwe ikufuna kufunafuna mafuta ku Arctic popeza mwasungunuka, titha kupanga mgwirizano. Monga Times sabata yatha
Kusintha kwa Bank of America kukutsatira kulimbana kwakukulu kwa opanga malamulo aku Republican motsutsana ndi mabungwe omwe amaganizira za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe chawo pantchito zawo. Wall Street makamaka wapsa ndi moto chifukwa cha zomwe anthu aku Republican atcha "ukapitalist wodzuka," kampeni yomwe yakopa mabanki kunkhondo zachikhalidwe.
Ndiko kunena kuti, akuwopa kwambiri msungichuma wina wa GOP wothira mafuta kuposa momwe amachitira mtsinje wamumlengalenga womwe ukugwera pachuma chachisanu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi umboni, ndithudi, kuti mawu awo okhudza kusintha kwa nyengo anali chabe zachabechabe. Adanenetsa kuti amvetsetsa kufunika kosintha: "Kusintha kwanyengo sikulinso pachiwopsezo chakutali koma kuda nkhawa padziko lonse lapansi ndi zovuta zomwe zayamba kale kuchitika, kuphatikiza kuchulukirachulukira komanso kuopsa kwa nyengo yoipa, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana. , kutha kwa madzi oundana mโnyanja, kukwera mofulumira kwa madzi a mโnyanja, ndi kwautali, kutentha kwakukulu ndi chilala.โ Koma izo zinali, ife tsopano tikumva, kuti timvetse kwathunthu monga greenwashing, kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kutentha komwe iwo amamva kwakanthawi.
Kutentha kwenikweni komwe iwo sakanakhoza kusamala nako. Sizili ngati chinachake chachitika kuyambira 2021-kupatula chaka chotentha kwambiri mu 125,000 yapitayi, yomwe imatibwezera mmbuyo ngakhale ndalama zisanabwere, ngati akuluakulu a BofA angathe kulingalira nthawi yoteroyo.
Koma aona kusintha kwa nyengo kokha ndi ndale. Kutuluka ndi Greta et al., Ndi andale a GOP akunena zinthu zowopsa. Ndipo BofA siili yokha. Bungwe la Investigative Journalism inanena sabata yatha kuti chimphona chapadziko lonse cha HSBC, ngakhale chidalonjeza kuti chisiya kupereka ndalama zatsopano zamafuta ndi gasi, chapeza njira zosungira.
kugulitsa magawo mubizinesi yoyenga ya Saudi Aramco, imodzi mwazambiri zokulitsa mafuta ndi gasi. Wogulitsa ndalama ku HSBC adauza bungwe loona za utolankhani la Bureau of Investigative Journalism kuti mfundo za bankiyi zanenedwa mochenjera kuti zilole kuti lipereke ndalama kwa anthu owononga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pomwe akudzitamandira chifukwa cha mbiri yake yobiriwira.
Kuwunika kwa data ya Refinitiv yopangidwa ndi TBIJ yapeza kuti mchaka chomwe HSBC idalengezedwa, banki yathandizira kukweza ndalama zoposa $47 biliyoni (ยฃ 37 biliyoni) kwamakampani omwe akukulitsa kupanga mafuta ndi gasi, ngakhale machenjezo owopsa ochokera asayansi kuti izi zidzakankhira dziko kupyola malire ake otha kupulumuka.
Zonsezi ndikudwala basi. Bungwe la International Energy Agency linanena mu 2021 kuti ngati tikanakhala ndi mwayi wokwaniritsa zolinga za kutentha kwa Paris, ndalama zowonjezera mafuta opangira mafuta ziyenera kutha tsopano. Koma mabanki, ndi oyang'anira katundu wamkulu ngati BlackRock, sangathe kudzithandiza okha. Kuti apindule kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso kuti adziteteze kuti asawukidwe ndi andale akumanja, amalolera kuswa msana wa nyengo ya dziko lapansi. Kusokonekera kwakukulu kwachuma kwa zisankho zimenezo - chenicheni chakuti dziko lidzakhala losauka kwambiri, ndi ziyembekezo zake zatsika kwambiri, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kutentha - lidzakhala vuto la CEO wina; ndizovuta kusawona dongosolo lathu lazachuma ngati makina odzipha.
Kulimbana ndi zovuta. M'malo ngati Chachitatu Chachitatu, tachitapo zochulukira, ndipo zimathandizira - ndizomwe zidakakamiza malonjezowa poyamba. Koma tikufuna osewera akulu kumbali yathu. Ife tikuyesera, mwachitsanzo, kuti tsimikizira Costco kukakamiza banki yake Citi; tikufunikanso makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo, kuti asamangodandaula za momwe mafoni awo amakhudzira nyengo komanso kuwononga kwanyengo kwa ndalama zawo (komwe ndi chokulirapo kwambiri).
Tili ndi akatswiri ena, inde, koma siwovuta ngati anzawo aku Red State. Brad Lander, woyang'anira mzinda wa New York City, adalandira mbiri chifukwa chololera kutenga mabanki - sabata yatha analengeza kuti ayese kuwapangitsa kuti aulule chiลตerengero chawo cha mphamvu zonyansa kubwereketsa mphamvu zoyera, zomwe zingakhale zabwino kuzidziwa.
"Ngakhale amalankhula, mabanki akulu apita patsogolo pang'ono pakusintha kwazachuma pazaka zingapo zapitazi," adatero Comptroller Lander.. โPokhala osunga ndalama kwanthawi yayitali ali pachiwopsezo chanyengo, sitingangonena zomwe akunena. Kupereka malipoti momveka bwino za kuchuluka kwawo kwa mphamvu zoyera ndi ndalama zamafuta opangira mafuta ndikofunikira kuti awone ngati akukwaniritsa zomwe alonjeza kapena ayi. Pakali pano, iwo saliโndipo zimenezo ziyenera kusintha. Pulaneti lathu, chuma chathu, komanso malo athu osungira ndalama zonse zili pachiwopsezo. โ
Zonsezo ndi zoona. Koma ngati pulaneti ili pachiwopsezo, ndiye kuti mwina pangafunike kukankha kokulirapo. Dongosolo la Lander likuwoneka ngati njira yopambana pang'onopang'ono, zomwe pazandale zambiri zimakhala zomveka. Koma pokhapokha atakhalanso ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsanso Arctic yosungunuka, kupanikizika kwamtunduwu kumawoneka ngati kwaulemu kwambiri.
Monga mukudziwira, izi za nkhope ya BofA imaluma. Zimatengera ntchito yochuluka kuti musunthe anyamatawa inchi imodzi, ndiyeno atapatsidwa mwayi watheka amatsetsereka kubwerera kumene anali kale.
Mabanki ang'onoang'ono amawoneka kuti amatha kupanga ndalama pochita zinthu zabwino - apa pali a nkhani yabwino za kuphatikizika kwa mabanki aku California komwe adalonjeza, mwa zina, "kupewa ndalama zatsopano zochotsera mafuta, makamaka ntchito zokulitsa zomwe zingakulitse ndikudalira zida zatsopano zamafuta, mwina kudzera m'makampani kapena projekiti- ndalama zozikidwa pazachuma, zotsatiridwa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo amabanki. โ
Koma anyamata aakulu? Agwetseni kugahena, komwe kuli koyenera kutitumiza tonsefe.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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