Gwero: Institute for Policy Studies
Wolemba mabuku wodziwika bwino wa ku Chile komanso womenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe Ariel Dorfman adalankhula izi pachikumbutso cha 45th Letelier-Moffitt Memorial Programme pa Seputembara 19, 2021. A kusonkhanitsa zithunzi za chochitikacho zaperekedwa kwa iwo omwe sanathe kupezekapo pamasom'pamaso.
Institute for Policy Studies imakhala ndi pulogalamuyi chaka chilichonse pamalo omwe 1976 adaphedwa anzawo a IPS Orlando Letelier ndi Ronni Karpen Moffitt ndi nthumwi za wolamulira wankhanza waku Chile Augusto Pinochet. Letelier anali kazembe wakale waku Chile ku United States ndipo Moffitt anali wazaka 25 wothandizana nawo pakukula kwa IPS. A pulogalamu ya mphotho yaufulu wa anthu m'maina awo idzachitika pa Okutobala 13.
Pa nthawi yomwe tinali ku ukapolo ku DC, ine ndi Angรฉlica tinkabwera chaka ndi chaka ku Sheridan Circle pachikumbutso ichi kuti tisonkhane ndi Isabel Letelier ndi Pancho ndi ana ena a Letelier ndi abwenzi athu mu gulu la mgwirizano ndi IPSers athu okondedwa, ena omwe alipo lero ndi ena, kalanga, anachoka pakati pathu, chaka chilichonse kuyeza kuchuluka kwa momwe ife tinaliri pafupi kuthetsa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Pinochet, mapeto omwe angakhale njira yoyenera yokondwerera miyoyo ya Orlando ndi Ronni yomwe inatayika pano.
Chochitika chilichonse chinali chapadera. Ndipo momwemonso kukumana kwamasiku ano chifukwa zochitika zaposachedwa ku Chile zimandilola kulengeza kuti, zaka 45 pambuyo pa kuphedwa kumeneku komanso zaka 31 demokalase itabwerera m'dziko langa, njira zomaliza zothetsa ulamuliro wankhanza ndi cholowa chake choyipa chikutengedwa.
Msonkhano uwu lero ndi wapaderanso kwa ine ndekha. Kudziwitsidwa ndi mdzukulu wanga wamkazi komanso kumvera mwana wa abwenzi awiri okondedwa omwe anatilandira ndi manja awiri pamene tinali ku ukapolo, Elianita ndi Peter, ndi umboni wodabwitsa wa momwe mibadwo yatsopano - yomwe inalibe moyo pamene Orlando ndi Ronni anali. kuphedwa - akutenga chikumbutso ndi nkhondo yomwe ikuchitika.
Umboni wowonjezereka: tangomva kuchokera kwa Lรฉonce, yemwe akuyamba ntchito ya mlongo Diana Ortiz, bwenzi langa ndi mlongo wanga kwa ine, Diana yemwe ndidawonekera naye limodzi m'malo ambiri mbali ndi mbali polimbana ndi kuthetsa kuzunza ndi kusamalira. ozunzidwa. Ndipo umboni wochuluka wa "el relevo de generaciones", kutumizidwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku wina, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti Cara adangolankhula, monga momwe bungwe lake likupitirizira kulimbana komwe sikunathe pazaka mazana asanu zapitazi za chitsamunda.
Chisangalalo changa pakusintha ndi kumasuka kwa alonda, mibadwo yatsopanoyi ya compaลeros, imakwiyitsidwa ndi lingaliro lakuti Orlando sanakumanepo ndi zidzukulu zake zambiri komanso zowala - zingatheke bwanji kuti ndimawadziwa ndipo samadziwa. ? - komanso chisoni chowonjezereka chomwe Ronni sanathe kukhala ndi ana. Ronni yemwe ankakonda nyimbo ndipo ankafuna kuti aliyense padziko lapansi azikhala ndi zida zoimbira. Ronni yemwe ankasamalira kwambiri ana ndi kuphunzitsa ovutika kwambiri pakati pawo. Ronni amene anamenyera mtendere kuti anawo akhale ndi dziko lopanda nkhondo. Ronni yemwe anali atangokwezedwa kumene kuti akhale IPS fund-raiser - ndipo yemwe, atangokwatirana kumene, adangodzipangira yekha tsitsi latsopano, monga Isabel Morel de Letelier adandiuza nthawi ina. Ronni yemwe anali 25, wamkulu zaka zinayi kuposa Isabella Dorfman ndi zaka khumi wamng'ono kuposa Gabriel Kornbluh Loveluck.
Ndimaganizira kwambiri Ronni masiku ano chifukwa ndikulimbikitsanso achinyamata ngati iye masiku ano, mamiliyoni ngati pano kulikonse, kuchokera ku Hong-Kong kupita ku Belarus ndi ku Nicaragua, kuchokera ku Iran ndi Sudan kupita ku Honduras ndi Colombia, zomwe zimatipatsa chiyembekezo kuti dziko lingathe. kukhala malo abwinoko. Izi zili choncho makamaka ku Chile ndi ku United States, maiko awiri omwe adakumana moyipa kwambiri pa Gululi zaka makumi ambiri zapitazo.
Chifukwa lero, mkati mwa nyumbayi ku Santiago yomwe kale inali ku Chile Congress, Msonkhano Wachigawo wa Constitutional Convention wasonkhana, ndi cholinga chenichenicho - chovomerezedwa ndi oposa 80% a osankhidwa aku Chile - kulemba Constitution yatsopano yomwe idzalowe m'malo mwa Pinochet mwachinyengo. inapitirizidwa mu 1980. Orlando ndi Ronni angasangalale ndi Msonkhano umenewu. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti imatsogozedwa ndi Elisa Loncรณn, mayi wa Chimapuche, yemwe ali ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, chomwe chili pamtima wamasiye wa Orlando komanso momwe Eliana adasungidwira ndalama zambiri. Ndipo Elisa Loncรณn, mwa njira, wangotchulidwa kumene ndi Time Magazine ngati mmodzi wa atsogoleri otchuka kwambiri a chaka.
Msonkhanowu ukukambirana za momwe mungalembere mu Magna Carta mndandanda wa ufulu, zonse zomwe zili pakati pa zovuta ku Chile, ku United States, padziko lonse lapansi: ufulu wa madzi ndi zachilengedwe, ufulu wa LGBTQ, chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi maphunziro. ndi penshoni zomwe zimayenera kukweza anthu ambiri osati kulemeretsa gulu laling'ono la opindula, kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko la pluri, zinenero zambiri, kutha kwa nkhanza za apolisi, makamaka kwa achinyamata, chifukwa nthawi zonse ndi achinyamata omwe amamenyedwa ndi kumenyedwa. nthawi zonse achichepere omwe amawuka ndi kupanduka.
Ndipo, ndithudi, uku ndi kupanduka kwa achichepere. Avereji ya zaka za nthumwi 155 za Msonkhanowu ndi zaka 44. Ndipo 15 mwa nthumwizo, mmodzi mwa magawo khumi a msonkhanowo, sanakwanitse zaka 30.
Unyamata uwu suyenera kutidabwitsa chifukwa anali ophunzira azaka za Isabella ku Chile omwe adayambitsa kuwukira kwa Okutobala 2019 zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Msonkhanowu ukhale zotheka. Ndipo msewu umenewo unakonzedwa mโzaka khumi zapitazo ndi achinyamata amene anapita mโmisewu kutsutsa tsankho ndi kusalingana komwe kuli ponseponse mโdziko la Chile ndi dongosolo lake la maphunziro, amene tsopano akupanga ambiri mwa nthumwi za Msonkhanowo. M'malo mwake, m'modzi mwa atsogoleri achinyamatawa, a Gabriel Boric, lero ndi omwe amapikisana nawo kwambiri pa Utsogoleri wa Chile. Ngati atasankhidwa, Gabriel Boric adzakhala Purezidenti wamng'ono kwambiri ku Chile. Ali ndi zaka 35 zomwe zimakhala zaka za Gabriel Kornbluh. Lankhulani zamatsenga ndi zochitika mwangozi, lankhulani za momwe zimakhalira komanso mbiri yakale! Gabriyeli pano ndi Gabrieli onse!
Boric watenga mbendera ya socialism ndi ngwazi yake, ndi wanga, Salvador Allende, amene anatcha Orlando Ambassador mu nyumba kumeneko - pokhala kazembe Chile mu States - kumene, taganizirani, Orlando kudya ndi kuimba gitala. ndipo adakondana ndikulera ana ake aamuna anayi ndikukambirana ndi boma la Nixon za momwe Allende adachira kwa anthu aku Chile za chuma ndi mafakitale athu. Kenako Allende adatcha Orlando kukhala Minister of Foreign Affairs ndipo potsiriza Minister of Defense m'miyezi yomaliza ya boma la Unidad Popular, pomwe adadziwa za servile, duplicitous, craven General Augusto Pinochet - n'zosadabwitsa kuti Pinochet ankafuna kupha munthu yemwe. ankadziwa yemwe iye anali.
Chifukwa chake kuchitira umboni kutha kwa Pinochet komaliza ku Chile, kuwona kutha kwa Constitution yachinyengo ya Pinochet kukanapatsa Orlando chisangalalo chachikulu, kukondwerera mphindi iyi yopambana m'mbiri ya Chile.
Koma chomwe chikadakondweretsa mtima wa Orlando ndikumwetulira kwa Ronni ndikuti ziwonetserozi, monga ambiri ku United States masiku ano, ziwonetsero zolimbana ndi umphawi, kuyesetsa kufanana pakati pa mitundu, kuyitanidwa kuti athane ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyengo, kufunikira komwe ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa anthu osati nkhondo, zonse zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Institute for Policy Studies, zimayang'ana mwachindunji dongosolo la neo-liberal lomwe linakhazikitsidwa koyamba panthawi ya ulamuliro wankhanza wa Pinochet, pamene Chile inakhala labotale ya Chicago Boys. ' experiment pa shock therapy, kuwonongedwa kwa boma ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito. Sabata imodzi asanaphedwe, mu Seputembara 1976, Orlando adalemba nkhani mu The Nation, pomwe adalumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa chiphunzitso cha neo-liberal cha anyamata aku Chicago ndi ziwawa zomwe zimafunikira kuti akhazikitse mfundo zotere motsutsana ndi zofuna za ambiri. wa Chile. Chuma chamsika waulere cha Milton Friedman chimafunikira kuponderezedwa kosalekeza ndi nkhanza kwa ogwira ntchito ndi otsutsa. Unali kuzindikira kofunikira, komwe kukuchitikanso masiku ano: zigawenga ndizofunikira kwambiri pamalingaliro awa.
Zomwe zinali zoyenera ku Chile panthawiyo, ndizovomerezeka ku United States lero - ndipo zovuta zimakhalabe zofanana. Sizongoganiza zongoganiza chabe, zonyansa, kulengeza kuti mawu aulosi a Orlando amatsimikizira kuti akukhalabe m'njira zambiri komanso m'mavuto ambiri. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amene sadziwa nโkomwe dzina lake akuyesetsa kulenga dziko limene iye ndi Ronni ankalakalaka.
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti, pa nthawi ya kuphedwa, maboma a Chile ndi United States anali ndi mawu abwino kwambiri, onyansa kwambiri, (monga momwe aliri lero, mwamanyazi, pakati pa United States ndi boma lachinyengo ku Honduras), ndithudi ndi mawu abwino kwambiri oterowo mu 1976 kuti mwinamwake nthumwi za Pinochet zinawona kuti zinalibe chilango chochitira chirichonse chimene iwo akufuna m'misewu ya likulu la dziko lochezeka kwambiri ku ulamuliro wankhanza. Orlando, nzika yaku Chile komanso Ronni, nzika yaku America, adawonetsa yankho ku mgwirizano woyipawu ndi mgwirizano wawo womwe umatsutsa utsogoleri wankhanza waku Chile komanso mfundo zakunja za United States. Orlando ndi Ronni anali mbali ya nkhondo yofanana, ku Chile ndi United States, ya chilungamo, ufulu ndi kufanana. Chilungamo, mtendere, ulemu, mawu omwe adasankhidwa kuti apite pachikwangwani chokumbukira kuphedwa kwawo m'gulu lino. Ndipo adaphedwa chifukwa cholimba mtima kumenya nkhondo, kukhulupirira chilungamo, Mtendere, Ulemu.
Ndikuwona kuti ndizofunikira kuti olankhula achichepere awiri omwe adanditsogolera, Gabriel ndi Isabella, nawonso adachokera ku America ndi Chile, Gabriel, mwana wa Eliana, mkazi waku Chile, ndi Peter, waku US, ndi Isabella, mwana wamkazi wa mwana wathu Rodrigo, mwamuna wa ku Chile ndi Melissa, mkazi wa ku United States. Kuphatikizidwa, Gabriel ndi Isabella, momwe ubalewu ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa mayiko awiriwa ndi anthu akupitilirabe mpaka lero, moyo watsopano ukuzungulira kuyambira kale.
Cholemba chomaliza pa ubale wapakati pa Chile ndi United States.
Sabata yapitayo inali tsiku la makumi awiri la zigawenga za September 11, 2001 - nthawi yokwanira yozindikira ndikudzudzula momwe dziko la United States linachitira molakwika pa tsokalo. Zochita za America - zoyendetsedwa ndi mantha, kufuna kubwezera, umbombo, gulu lankhondo-mafakitale, kudzikuza kwa mfumu - zawononga dziko lapansi komanso zowononga nzika za dziko lino, ndi mabiliyoni akuwonongeka pakuwononga mayiko akunja omwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu ambiri kuno ndi kunja, monga IPS yakhala ikulimbikira.
Kusaona kumeneku kumasiyana ndi momwe ife, ku Chile, tinachitira tokha Seputembara 11, kukana ulamuliro wopondereza ndi njira zamtendere, kugonjetsera Pinochet pakudandaula, kumanganso dziko lathu m'mikhalidwe yowopsa komanso yowopsa, ndipo, pomaliza, kupeza njira yopangira zatsopano. Malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino omwe adzatsimikizire demokalase yathunthu, chilungamo, mtendere, ulemu, amuna, akazi ndi ana athu.
Bwaloli, lomwe silili kutali ndi malo amphamvu komwe zisankho zazikulu zonena za tsogolo la umunthu zimapangidwira, Bwaloli pomwe miyoyo ya okonda dziko lawo, wina waku Chile ndi waku America wina, adalumikizidwa ndi zomwe adakumana nazo, ndi malo oyenera. kuganiza za 9/11 ziwirizi ndi zomwe tingaphunzire za mayiko awiri omwe adapirira zoopsa zotere komanso momwe tingatsimikizire kuti tisabwereze zolakwika zakale.
Nthaลตi yoyamba imene ndinalankhula pamwambo wachikumbutsochi, ndinaลตerenga imodzi mwa ndakatulo zanga, ponse paลตiri mโChispanya ndi mโChingelezi.
Chifukwa uthenga wake udakali wofunikira ndipo ukuwonetsa momwe Orlando ndi Ronni salipo komanso amoyo, ndikufuna kuwerenga ndakatulo izi pano lero, komanso monga ulemu kwa wokondedwa wathu Saul, Marc ndi Dick, kwa Naรบl Ojeda ndi Eliana, amene anayima pafupi nafe munthawi yakusowa kwathu kwakukulu.
Tidzafuna
Zoonadi
palibe vuto,
palibe les creas.
Tendrรกn que reconocerlo
tsiku lina.
Zoonadi
ndi soltaron,
palibe les creas.
Tendrรกn que reconocer
ndi mentira
tsiku lina.
Zoonadi
que traicionรฉ al partido,
palibe les creas.
Tendrรกn que reconocer
que fui leal
tsiku lina.
Zoonadi
que estoy ku Francia,
palibe les creas.
No les creas cuando te muestren
ine carnet falso,
palibe les creas.
No les creas cuando te muestren
la foto de mi cuerpo,
palibe les creas.
No les creas cuando te digan
que la luna es la luna,
si te dicen que la luna es luna,
que รฉsta es mi voz en una grabodora,
que esta es mi firma en un un papel,
dziwani kuti muli ndi vuto,
palibe ma creas,
palibe les creas
nada de lo que digan
nada de lo que te juran
nada de lo que te muestren,
palibe les creas.
Y cuando finalmente
llegue ese dรญa
cuando te pidan que pases
ndi reconocer el cadรกver
ayi ine basi
y una voz te diga
lo matamo
palibe kuthawa en la tortura
estรก muerto,
chifukwa chake
Ndine
enteramente absolutamente definitivamente muerto,
palibe ma creas,
palibe ma creas,
palibe ma creas,
palibe les creas.
Ndipo mu Chingerezi:
Chifuniro Chomaliza ndi Chipangano
Akakuuzani kuti sindine mkaidi,
musawakhulupirire iwo.
Iwo ayenera kuvomereza izo
tsiku lina.
Akakuwuza kuti anandimasula.
musawakhulupirire iwo.
Ayenera kuvomereza
ndi bodza
tsiku lina.
Akakuuza kuti ndili ku France
musawakhulupirire iwo.
Musawakhulupirire akakusonyezani
ID yanga yabodza
musawakhulupirire iwo.
Musawakhulupirire akakusonyezani
chithunzi cha thupi langa, musawakhulupirire iwo.
Musawakhulupirire akakuuzani
mwezi ndi mwezi,
ngati angakuuzeni kuti mwezi ndi mwezi;
ngati angakuuzeni kuti ili ndi liwu langa pa tepi,
kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro changa pa kuvomereza,
ngati ati mtengo ndi mtengo
musawakhulupirire,
musakhulupirire
chirichonse chimene iwo angakuuzeni inu
chilichonse chimene amalumbira
chilichonse chomwe amakuwonetsani,
musawakhulupirire iwo.
Ndipo pamapeto pake
pamene
tsiku limenelo
akubwera
Akakufunsa
kuzindikira thupi
ndipo mukundiwona
ndipo liwu likuti
ife tinamupha iye
mwana wosaukayo adafa
wamwalira
pamene akukuuzani
kuti ndine
kwathunthu mwamtheradi ndithu akufa
musawakhulupirire,
musawakhulupirire,
musawakhulupirire iwo.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama
1 Comment
Ariel amalankhula ambiri, tinene mamiliyoni.
Ndakatuloyi ndi yofunika kwambiri m'nthawi yomwe ili m'malo mwaโฆnkhani, malingaliro, kafukufuku, ndale, demokalase, ulemu ndi ufulu wa anthu.