Zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mumkhalidwe wathu wankhondo wowoneka ngati wopanda malire kuyambira pamenepo September 11th, gulu lalikulu la kafukufuku likuwonekera pomaliza kuti lifotokoze kuti ndani kwenikweni asitikali aku US akumenya nkhondo m'malo omwe akukulirakulira, komanso zomwe zimapangitsa anthu wamba kulowa nawo magulu ankhondo monga Taliban, Al Qaeda ndi Islamic State.
Tauzidwa kuti asilikali a US "akumenyana nawo kumeneko" kuti "tisamenyane nawo pano." Koma ofufuza akuphunzira kuti, monga a Iraqi omwe adanyamuka kuti akane kuukira kosaloledwa kwa US ndikulanda dziko lawo, ambiri mwa anthu omwe alowa m'magulu ankhondo ku Middle East ndi Africa akungomenya nkhondo chifukwa US ndi mabungwe ogwirizana "akumenya nkhondo. kumeneko,โ mโmaiko awo, mizinda, midzi ndi nyumba zawo.
Mu 2015, Center for Civilians in Conflict idasindikiza zotsatira za zokambirana ndi anthu a 250 omwe adalowa nawo magulu ankhondo ku Bosnia, Somalia, Gaza ndi Libya mu lipoti lotchedwa, Kaonedwe ka Anthu: Kutengapo mbali kwa Anthu Wamba pa Nkhondo Zankhondo. Chimodzi mwazofukufuku zake chinali chakuti, "Chisonkhezero chofala kwambiri chotenga nawo mbali, chofotokozedwa ndi ofunsidwa m'nkhani zonse zinayi, chinali chitetezo chaumwini kapena banja."
Komanso mu 2015, Lydia Wilson, wofufuza kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Oxford, adaloledwa funsani zigawenga zingapo za Islamic State zomwe zidagwidwa ku Kirkuk, Iraq. Zinali zovuta kuti Wilson apeze omenyera a Islamic State omwe adagwidwa kuti afunse mafunso, chifukwa magulu ankhondo aku Iraq aku Kurdish ndi US mothandizidwa ndi US amapha omenyera a Islamic State omwe adawalanda. Koma apolisi a ku Kirkuk ankasunga akaidi ndi kuwazenga mlandu kukhoti, choncho Wilson analandira chilolezo kwa mkulu wa apolisi kuti alankhule ndi ena a iwo.
Mkaidi woyamba Lydia Wilson adafunsidwa adagwidwa, kuyesedwa ndikuweruzidwa kuti aphedwe chifukwa chophulitsa mabomba osachepera anayi ndi bomba la scooter ku Kirkuk. Koma kuyankhulana kwake sikunali kwapadera - nkhani yake yomulimbikitsa inabwerezedwa ndi akaidi ena onse. Ananena kuti kukhulupirika kwake koyamba kunali kwa mkazi wake ndi ana ake awiri, ndipo adalowa nawo gulu la Islamic State kuti azisamalira banja lake. Anauza Wilson, "Tikufuna kuti nkhondo ithe, tikufunika chitetezo, tatopa ndi nkhondo zambiri ... zomwe ndikufuna ndikukhala ndi banja langa, ana anga."
Kumapeto kwa zokambiranazo, Wilson anafunsa mkaidiyo ngati anali ndi mafunso. Panthawiyo adadziwa kuti General Stone, m'modzi mwa anzawo a Wilson, anali msilikali wakale waku US, ndipo m'malo mofunsa funso, adangomukwiyira, "Anthu aku America adabwera. Analanda Saddam koma adatilandanso chitetezo. Sindinamukonde Saddam, tinali kufa ndi njala nthawi imeneyo, koma tinalibe nkhondo. Pamene munabwera kuno, nkhondo yapachiweniweni inayamba.โ
General Stone sanadabwe. Awa anali mawu okwiya omwe anamva pafupifupi mkaidi aliyense kuyambira pamenepo anayamba kufunsa akaidimonga wamkulu wa ndende zankhondo zaku US ku Iraq mu 2007.
Lydia Wilson anafotokoza mwachidule zimene anaphunzira zokhudza akaidi a ku Kirkuk nkhani ya The Nation: โIwo ndi ana a ntchito, ambiri okhala ndi atate osoลตa panthaลตi zofunika kwambiri (kudzera mโndende, kuphedwa mwa kunyongedwa kapena kumenyana ndi zigawenga), odzazidwa ndi mkwiyo wokwiyira America ndi boma lawo. Sakusonkhezeredwa ndi ganizo la ukhalifa wa Chisilamu wopanda malire; M'malo mwake, ISIS ndi gulu loyamba kuyambira pomwe Al Qaeda idaphwanyidwa kupereka anyamata onyozeka komanso okwiya awa njira yotetezera ulemu wawo, banja lawo ndi fuko. Izi sizowonjezereka ku njira ya ISIS ya moyo, koma lonjezo la njira yotulutsira moyo wawo wosatetezeka ndi wopanda ulemu; lonjezo la kukhala ndi moyo wonyada monga Aarabu a Sunni a ku Iraq, amene sali chabe chizindikiro chachipembedzo, komanso chikhalidwe, fuko ndi nthaka.โ
Kuphedwa kwaposachedwa kwa asitikali anayi aku US ku Niger kudadabwitsa anthu aku America ambiri, koma US yatero Asilikali 6,000 m'maiko 53 mu Africa, choncho tisadabwe ndi mabokosi opakidwa mbendera akubwera kunyumba kuchokera kumayiko ooneka ngati osakhazikika kumeneko. Koma atsogoleri athu asanachepetse dziko lonse lapansi ku "nkhondo" yatsopano ya US, tiyenera kuzindikira lipoti latsopano lofalitsidwa ndi UN Development Program (UNDP), lotchedwa Ulendo wopita ku Extremism ku Africa: Madalaivala, Zolimbikitsa ndi Malo Othandizira Kulemba Ntchito.
Lipotili likuchokera pa zokambirana 500 ndi zigawenga zochokera ku Africa. Monga mutu wake ukusonyezera, omwe adawafunsawo adafunsa zigawengazo makamaka za "zongopeka" zomwe zidaganiza kuti aliyense wa iwo alowe nawo gulu lankhondo monga Boko Haram, Al-Shabab kapena Al Qaeda. Kufikira chiลตerengero chachikulu kwambiri (71 peresenti) chinati mtundu wina wa โkachitidwe kaboma,โ monga โkupha wachibale kapena bwenziโ kapena โkumanga wachibale kapena bwenzi,โ unali udzu womalizira umene unawakankhira iwo kugonjetsa. mzere wofiira kuchokera ku moyo wamba kupita ku nkhondo ya zigawenga ndi/kapena uchigawenga. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kaลตirikaลตiri malingaliro achipembedzo sanali mbali yaikulu ya chosankha chawo.
Lipotilo linamaliza kuti, "Zochita zachitetezo chaboma zimawonekera ngati njira yolimbikitsira ntchito yolembera anthu, m'malo mosintha." Mu gawo la "Zotsatira za Mfundo," lipotilo linawonjezera, "The Ulendo wopita ku Extremism Kafukufuku akupereka umboni watsopano wodabwitsa wa momwe mayankho osagwirizana ndi chitetezo angachitire ngati achitidwa mopanda chidwi. "
Maphunziro onsewa akuvomereza kuti, mwa kupanga kapena kusasintha, ndondomeko ya US ikusokoneza chifukwa ndi zotsatira zomveka zogwirira ntchito zankhondo zomwe zimasandutsa anthu wamba kukhala omenyana, zomwe zikuyambitsa chipwirikiti, chomwe chikufalikira nthawi zonse cha ziwawa ndi chipwirikiti padziko lonse lapansi.
Lamulo lamtendere ndikuletsa "mayankho osagwirizana ndi chitetezo" omwe amayambitsa ziwawa, ndikuyamba kusintha omenyera nkhondo kukhala anthu wamba, monga Colombia ikuchitira chifukwa cha mgwirizano wamtendere womwe ukuthetsa zaka 53 zachiwembu. nkhondo. Ndi mavuto onse omwe America ndi dziko lapansi akukumana nawo m'zaka za zana la 21, sitingathe kudikira nthawi yayitali kuti tisankhe njira yamtendere ndikuyambanso kuchita nawo mwamtendere komanso mwachidwi ndi anansi athu onse.
Nicolas JS Davies, wophatikizidwa ndi PeaceVoice, ndi mlembi wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwononga kwa Iraq.
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