Chitsime: TomDispatch.com
Unali madzulo ndipo tinali mโchipinda chopanda mazenera mโndende ya ku Massachusetts. Tinali titangomaliza kumene kalasi - pa luso loyankhulana ndi ntchito - ndipo, patangotsala mphindi zochepa, amayi anayamba kunena mantha awo omwe ali nawo. Atamasulidwa, kodi wina adzawalemba ntchito? Pansi pa nkhaลตa imeneyo panalinso funso lina: Kodi adzatha kupeลตa mankhwala ogonetsa ogonetsa amene anawaika mโndende poyamba paja?
Chisoni chawo chinali choyenera. Aliyense amene ndinali ndi ine pafupi ndi tebulo la pulasitiki lotuwa, pamodzi ndi akaidi ena ambiri m'ndende, anali okonda mankhwala opioid. Pakhoma la cinderblock, panalembedwa chikwangwani chonyamulidwa kuti: โTimapenda kuvutika konse kumene takumana nako ndi kuchititsa monga kumwerekera.โ
Zikwizikwi milandu ikudutsa m'makhothi pofuna kukakamiza kubweza kwamtundu wina kuchokera kumakampani omwe adapanga, kugawa, ndi kugawa. mabiliyoni wa Mlingo wa mankhwala opioid
Zikwizikwi milandu ikudutsa m'makhothi pofuna kukakamiza kubweza kwamtundu wina kuchokera kumakampani omwe adapanga, kugawa, ndi kugawa. mabiliyoni Mlingo wa opioid woperekedwa ndi dokotala. Mankhwalawa, kuphatikiza OxyContin ndi fentanyl, ali nawo anaphedwa mazana masauzande aku America, kwinaku akuvutitsa ena osawerengeka (ndipo, nthawi zambiri, pochita zinthu zosaloledwa ndi boma monga kubweza ndalama kuti alipire mankhwala omwe amawalakalaka). Makampani opanga mankhwala omwe akukhudzidwa, mosadabwitsa, akhala akufunitsitsa kukana kulakwa kwawo, zomwe zapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azivutika. masewera olakwa Izi ndizochitika m'dziko lathu loloza zala.
Pamene chizoloลตezi cha opioid chinasintha tawuni yanga yaing'ono ya New England, ndinayamba kulemba zomwe zinali kuchitika ndikutsatira zoyesayesa zakumaloko kuti ndithane ndi mliriwu. Izi, zinanditsogolera kundende ija, poyamba monga wolemba ntchito ndipo pamapeto pake kupita kutsogolo kwa kalasi ya ad-hoc. Panthaลตi imodzimodziyo, mโzaka ziลตiri, ndinafunsa anthu ambiri ochira. Zomwe ndidaphunzira ndikuti, zomwe zili mkati mwavutoli (ngati mumadziwa komwe mungayang'ane), anthu amatenga udindo pazomwe zidawachitikira ndikuchita mwanjira yosintha. Iwo adazindikira kuti kuimba mlandu ena - ngakhale oipitsitsa kwambiri mwamakampani opanga mankhwalawo - inali njira yachangu yotsikira pansi, pomwe kutenga udindo kumakhala mpikisano wapamwamba.
Zomwe ndidaphunzira ndikuti, zomwe zili mkati mwavutoli (ngati mumadziwa komwe mungayang'ane), anthu amatenga udindo pazomwe zidawachitikira ndikuchita izi mwanjira yosintha.
"Mphepo ya Dziko"
Mโbandakucha wa dzuลตa, ndinanyamuka pa Route 2 mโchigawo chapakati cha Massachusetts nโkukalowa mโmalo oimika magalimoto amene kale anali Wachusett Village Inn. Ikuwonekabe ngati hotelo yokongola yakudziko, koma lero ndi malo ochotsa poizoni ndi malo ochira. Ndabwera kudzakumana ndi mnzanga wa mnzanga. Akandipatsa moni chakutsogolo, ndinazindikira kuti ali ndi lanyard m'khosi mwake ndi ID yosonyeza kuti ali pantchito. Zaka zapitazo, Anna Du Puis akadakhala wodwala pano. Asanaledzere, adadutsa detox chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo opioid nthawi zambiri amasiya kuwerenga.
"Ndine nkhani ya kulimbikira," amanditsimikizira - ndipo, pamene akunena, akuwoneka ngati akuwala ndi mphamvu.
Ndi posachedwapa pamene Anna wakhala ndi ntchito yanthaลตi zonse imeneyi yothandiza ena amene, monga momwe analili poyamba, akuchira msanga. Izi zisanachitike, ankagulitsa inshuwalansi, osauza aliyense kuti anali chidakwa ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamva anthu ogwira nawo ntchito ndiponso anthu enanso ankaona kuti kumwerekera nโkusankha ndi kuchiza ngati kuwononga ndalama za okhometsa msonkho.
Poganizira za njira inayake, makampani opanga mankhwala omwe amapanga opioid adachotsa upandu wabwino kwambiri. Ankagulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amene madokotala odalirika anawauza, pamene amene anasiya anasiya kuwamvera chisoni.
Poganizira za njira inayake, makampani opanga mankhwala omwe amapanga opioid adachotsa upandu wabwino kwambiri. Ankagulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amene madokotala odalirika anawauza, koma amene anasiya kuwamvera chisoni sankawamvera chisoni. Kupatula apo, atakokedwa, anali, mwa kutanthauzira, oledzera. Richard Sackler, Purezidenti wakale wa Purdue Pharma ndi mbuye kuseri kwa kampeni yotsatsa yomwe idayambitsa OxyContin ndikukonzanso machitidwe opangira ma opioid mdziko muno, tsopano ndi wathuwu potchula anthu omwe adazolowera mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti "zinyalala za dziko. "
Pachifukwa ichi timanyoza Sackler - zomwe adachita zinali zomvetsa chisoni - koma ndizowonanso kuti nthawi iliyonse aliyense wa ife wavomereza. chidakwa monga epithet yosasangalatsa, tapereka chithandizo kwa iye, kwa Purdue, ndi makampani ena onse ogulitsa mankhwala omwe adapindula osati chifukwa cha kumwerekera kokha komanso chifukwa cha tsankho lathu. Poyang'ana pansi pa omwe akudwala matendawa, ife, anthu, tidathandiza kuti anthu omwe adachita zoipa asamakhale ndi udindo.
M'menemo, taphonyanso mwayi wochitira umboni chinthu chodabwitsa.
โZofufuza ndi Zopanda Mantha za Makhalidwe Abwinoโ
Usiku wina mโndende ya mโchigawocho, kagulu kathu kakangโono kanagwirizana. Azimayiwa posakhalitsa amayenera kufotokoza mbiri yawo yaupandu kwa omwe akufuna kuwalemba ntchito omwe amafufuza zambiri za omwe adawafunsira. Chifukwa chake, mwakachetechete poyamba ndiyeno ndi chidaliro chochulukirapo, adayeserera kusinkhasinkha zomwe adazilemba kale, kutsimikizira kuchuluka komwe adaphunzira (zambiri) ndi zoyesayesa zawo (herculean) kuti athe kulamuliranso moyo wawo. Onse adafotokoza za kufunikira koyambitsa pulogalamu ya 12 kuti achire.
Izi ndi zomwe ndimamva mobwerezabwereza kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akuchira kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuyambira ndi kuvomereza kuti alibe mphamvu mopitilira muyeso, mapulogalamu 12 nthawi zambiri amakhala akusintha mwanjira ina chifukwa amakhudza kutenga udindo waukulu. Ngakhale china chake chitakhala cholakwa cha wina, masitepewa amakulimbikitsani kuyang'ana mkati ndikufunsa kuti: Kodi udindo wanga unali wotani? Kodi ndili ndi udindo wanji pa zonsezi? Nthawi yofunika kwambiri imabwera m'gawo lachinayi, lomwe likufuna "kufufuza ndi kusanthula mopanda mantha za makhalidwe abwino". Ili ndi dongosolo lalitali kwambiri - komanso lomwe limapereka zopindulitsa zazikulu kwa iwo omwe ali olimba mtima kuti achite.
"Ndimadzivomereza ndekha momwe ndiliri komanso chilichonse chomwe ndidachita m'moyo wanga," akutero Raj Aggarwal, yemwe adakonda kugwiritsa ntchito OxyContin m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ndipo kenako adasinthira ku heroin. Atasintha, sanauze aliyense. Pamene Oxy, yomwe idalembedwa mofala ndi madokotala, inali yovomerezeka ndi anthu, heroin sanali. Mofanana ndi ena ambiri, pamene Raj adalowa m'chizoloลตezi, adadzipatula.
Lerolino, wakhala wosaledzeretsa kwa zaka zoposa 15, ndipo kudzivomereza kwake koipidwa kwamumasula kukhala chisonkhezero chakuchita zabwino mโdziko. Raj ndi woyambitsa ndi pulezidenti wa Provoc, bungwe la Washington, DC lomwe limathandiza mabizinesi kupanga kusintha kwabwino kwa anthu. Provoc yapanga kampeni yopambana m'malo kuyambira pakukulitsa mphamvu zoyera komanso kuthana ndi kusankhana mitundu mpaka kukulitsa nawo ovota. Pocheza pavidiyo adandiuza kuti ankaganiza kuti kuledzera ndi chinthu choyipa kwambiri chomwe chingamuchitikire. Tsopano akuti, โVuto langa lalikulu lasintha kukhala gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu.
Kufufuza moyo komwe Raj ndi ena amachita monga gawo la kuchira kwawo sikungokhudza kusuta kokha. Tiyerekeze kuti mwakwiya chifukwa cha zomwe wachibale wanu wanena, kapena kusachita bwino kwa mnzanu, kapena ndinu wokhumudwa - ndani sakutero? - pa demokalase yathu yosweka. Ganizirani njira 12 yofufuzira udindo wanu pazochitikazo. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu enanso alibe udindo. Zimangokupatsani mwayi wowona zochita zanu (kapena kusowa kwanu) momveka bwino. Mwanjira ina, zimatilola kukhala ndi zoyipa zathu - ndiyeno, mwina, kutenga sitepe yotsatira yoyenera kutsogolo.
Ili ndi lingaliro lachilendo mu chikhalidwe chathu, makamaka kwa anthu omwe sachira, koma lonjezo lake ndi lopanda malire. Mwachitsanzo, ndizogwirizana ndi njira zovuta atolankhani alemba zavuto la opioid lomwe lilipo pano. Chizoloลตezichi chikachuluka m'madera amitundu, phunzirolo limakonda kukopa chidwi chochepa. Koma mโzaka zaposachedwapa, pamene chiลตerengero cha azungu chasautsidwa, mawailesi ofalitsa nkhani atambasutsa nkhani za ana a maso abuluu akufa imfa zosayembekezereka. Ndipo awa ndi malo omwe ndimanyamula udindo. Ndinayamba kuphunzira za kumwerekera pambuyo poti wazunguliridwa ndi mudzi wa kwathu womwe unali wa azungu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, poyamba ndinayang'ana (ndipo mwayi) nkhawa za anthu oyera ngati ine. Poyang'ana m'mbuyo, masitepe 12, ndikuwona zomwe ndidachita komanso kuti zidalimbikitsa ulamuliro woyera kuti madontho dziko lathu la America.
Chizoloลตezichi chikachuluka m'madera amitundu, phunzirolo limakonda kukopa chidwi chochepa. Koma mโzaka zaposachedwapa, pamene azungu ambiri akuzunzika, mawailesi ofalitsa nkhani afalitsa nkhani za ana a maso abuluu akufa imfa zosayembekezereka.
Mwina munamvapo izi kuchokera kwa wolemba mabuku wamasomphenya James Baldwin: โSikuti chilichonse chimene mungakumane nacho chingasinthidwe. Koma palibe chomwe chingasinthidwe mpaka atayang'anizana. " Pano pali chinsinsi chothetsera vuto la opioid: kuti anthu omwe akuchira ndi aphunzitsi a momwe angathanirane ndi zinthu zovuta kwambiri.
โNgati Ukupuma, Pali Chiyembekezoโ
Pamene adapereka madandaulo ake kwa Purdue Pharma, Attorney General wa Minnesota Keith Ellison anati, "Otsutsa a Sackler sanasonkhezeredwe ndi ulemu waumunthu kapena kufunika kwa moyo waumunthu, koma ndi umbombo wopanda malire kuposa china chilichonse." Billionaire Richard Sackler mosalekeza anakankhira mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe adawononga miyoyo ndi kukopa anthu ambiri omwe akusokoneza anthu. Chifukwa chiyani? Kuti apange Zambiri ndalama, ndithudi. Zapezeka kuti, m'nkhaniyi, pali mitundu yambiri ya chizolowezi, ndipo ngati ndalama ndi mankhwala omwe mungasankhe, ndiye (monga mayankho aposachedwa za mabiliyoni ambiri kuti mutha kupereka msonkho wachuma) simudzakhala ndi zokwanira, ziribe kanthu kuti mwasonkhanitsa zochuluka bwanji.
Ndipo kotero, ngakhale tikunyoza banja la a Sackler ndi akuluakulu ena amakampani pazomwe zimawoneka ngati umbombo, mkhalidwe wawo ndi wophunzitsa. Pamlingo wocheperako, ambiri aife tikusefukira, kudyetsa zilakolako zosalekeza za zida zamagetsi kapena vinyo kapena ntchito kapena ndalama kapena kungodzaza nokha. Monga mitundu yaying'ono ya mabiliyoniwa, nafenso, nthawi zambiri timathamangitsa - chisangalalo chachifupi kutilepheretsa ife ku china chake cha pansi.
Anna Du Puis anandiuza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunali kufunafuna kudzaza โmalo abwinja amkati.โ Raj adati OxyContin adamupatsa mpumulo wosangalatsa kuyambira ali mwana ngati wosamukira kudera loyera. Muzochitika masauzande ambiri, kuledzera kwa opioid kumabwera chifukwa cha anthu omwe ali ndi ululu wosaneneka kufunafuna yankho. Komabe pali mitundu yambiri ya zowawa zosatha, kuphatikizapo kukhumudwa, kapena kudzimva wopanda pake. Mwina a Sacklers, maloto owopsa aumbombo momwe amakhalira, ali munjira yozama ngati ife kuposa momwe tingaganizire.
Tsopano pali fayilo ya kukula foni kuwayika iwo ndi akuluakulu ena azamankhwala m'ndende. Kupatula apo, chifukwa chiyani anthu omwe adachita zolakwa zazing'ono chifukwa chokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe Sacklers amagulitsa, monga azimayi a m'kalasi langa, atsekeredwe, pomwe akuyenda ndi magazi m'manja komanso mabiliyoni atayikidwa kubanki. akaunti? The Yankhani zambiri zimakhudzana ndi omwe ali ndi maloya abwino. Monga momwe zinalili m'mavuto azachuma ndi kulandidwa kwa 2007-2008, pomwe mabizinesi adawononga kwambiri, sitingathe kuwona oyang'anira ali m'ndende pazomwe makampani awo adachita.
Ndipo komabe, monga Sam Quinones, wolemba buku lodabwitsali Dreamland ponena za mizu ya vuto la opioid, likunena, anthu apambana kale kupambana kofunikira. Kubwerera ku 2014 pamene amamaliza buku lake, akuti, Purdue anali "wosakhudzidwa."
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu ndi mabanja anakana kudzipatula ndipo analankhula za kumwerekera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kudandaula kwawo, kwasintha vutoli kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa maboma am'deralo - ndipo milandu yambiri yakhala yotulukapo. Quinones adavomereza kuti makampani opanga mankhwala sangapereke chilichonse pafupi ndi mtengo wonse wazomwe achita. Ndipo komabe, monga adandiuza pafoni, "Mwina tawonapo yomaliza ya Purdue Pharma momwe imawonekera kale, ndipo pamenepo ndi yodabwitsa." Akunena zoona: zimenezo si zazing'ono.
Komabe, pali chinanso chomwe madera amtsogolo angafune, zomwe Raj Aggarwal amawona ngati njira yongoyenera. Nanga bwanji ngati gulu la anthu omwe akuchira pambuyo potengera mankhwala osokoneza bongo lalembedwa kuti liphunzitse akuluakulu azamankhwala tanthauzo la kutenga udindo? Ndi lingaliro lomwe limalemekeza omwe adawazunza kwambiri, pomwe amapatsa olakwira dongosolo lothana ndi zomwe adachita ndikuyamba kukonza.
Tangoganizani a Sacklers akuyamba kufufuza masitepe 12 okha. (Ine, osachepera, ndikulingalira za izi.) Kusuliza kumatiuza kuti, ngakhale izi zikanati zidzachitike, gulu la zigawenga zoyera silingamvetsere konse, koma Anna Du Puis amatenga malingaliro achifundo. โMalinga ngati ukupuma, pali chiyembekezo,โ iye anandiuza ine.
Ndimaphunzira zambiri kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akuchira moti nthawi zina ndimaganiza kuti mutu wanga udzaphulika. M'malo mwake zomwe zimachitika ndikuti mtima wanga umakula.
Ndimaphunzira zambiri kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akuchira moti nthawi zina ndimaganiza kuti mutu wanga udzaphulika. M'malo mwake zomwe zimachitika ndikuti mtima wanga umakula.
Kundende ya m'derali, timamaliza kalasi yathu yomaliza m'chipinda chopanda mazenera ndipo azimayi amabwerera kuchipinda chawo. Adzamasulidwa posachedwa. Ngakhale ndikudziwa kuti zovuta zikutsutsana nawo, ndimadzilola kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Mwinamwake, potsirizira pake, adzawonedwa monga aphunzitsi owona pakati pathu.
Mattea Kramer, ndi TomDispatch zonse, ali pantchito yolemba buku lonena za chikondi cha woperekera zakudya wokhala ndi mapiritsi amankhwala.
Nkhaniyi idawonekera koyamba pa TomDispatch.com, tsamba lawebusayiti la Nation Institute, lomwe limapereka kusuntha kwazinthu zina, nkhani, ndi malingaliro kuchokera kwa Tom Engelhardt, mkonzi wanthawi yayitali pakusindikiza, woyambitsa nawo American Empire Project, wolemba Mapeto a Chikhalidwe Chopambana, monga buku, The Last Days of Publishing. Buku lake laposachedwa ndi A Nation Unmade By War (Mabuku a Haymarket).
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