Pamene United States ikulimbikitsa ogwirizana nawo aku Europe kuti athandizire pankhondo yake yolimbana ndi Islamic State of Iraq ndi Syria — ana amagazi obwera chifukwa cha kuukira kwawo ndi kulanda dziko la Iraq — ndizothandiza kuwunikanso mbiri yaku Europe kuyankha kwa Washington. zotengera zachifumu.
Mbiri Yotsatira
Kungoyang'ana pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi, maboma aku Europe, makamaka, akhala ngati zida zovomerezeka ku United States. Paulamuliro wa Reagan, adagwirizana ndi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti atumize zida zoponya za tomahawk ndi zida zapakatikati za Pershing II kupita ku Europe kuti asunge mwayi wanyukiliya wa North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) kuposa Soviet Union.
Panthawi yavuto la Kosovo ku 1998, ndi chilolezo chochokera ku mayiko a ku Ulaya, US idagwiritsa ntchito NATO ngati chivundikiro chowombera mabomba osaloledwa ndi United Nations, ndikuchita nawo mwamphamvu ndi British ndi French air forces.
Apanso, pamavuto aku Libya ku 2011, US idagwiritsa ntchito asitikali aku Britain ndi France kuti asinthe chigamulo cha UN kuti akhazikitse malo osawuluka kunkhondo kuti achotse Muammar Ghadafy. Kuti asitikali aku Britain ndi France omwe adatsogola kwambiri ku US adawonetsedwa kuti US idayenera kupereka pafupifupi nzeru zonse ndi zophulika kuti nkhondo yachilungamo yaku Britain ndi France ipitirire, ndi 75 peresenti ya zophulika zochokera ku US.
Othandizira ku Europe adagwirizana mokakamizidwa kuti achite nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi a Taliban ku Afghanistan, Germany, France, Britain, Netherlands, ndi mabungwe ena a NATO omwe amathandizira. Kulowererapo kwa Afghan sikunapambane pokhazikitsa ulamuliro wachifumu ku Afghanistan, koma zidachita bwino kukhazikitsa chiphunzitso chakuti NATO sichingangokhala m'malo ake achitetezo chachikhalidwe koma imatha kupita kutali, makamaka ku Middle East.
Kuyesetsa kukhala kutali ndi Washington
Kunena zowona, pakhala kuyesetsa kukhala kutali ndi Washington. Palibe m'modzi wa iwo amene adathandizidwa, kupatula mwina ku Africa, koma apa kwakhala chisankho cha Washington kulola Britain ndi France kuti azigwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha komanso mogwirizana ndi zolinga zaku US mdera lino, monga momwe adachitira ndi kulowererapo kwa Britain ku Sierra Leone mu 2000. ndipo aku France adakankhira ku Mali mu 2013.
Kuyesera koyambirira kokhala kutali ndi Washington kunali kusuntha kwa Purezidenti Charles de Gaulle kuchotsa mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya ku France ku ulamuliro wa NATO m'ma 1960. Ndondomekoyi inatha ndi kugwirizana kwa Francois Mitterand ndi NATO kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.
European Union inapezerapo mwayi pa kutha kwa dziko la Soviet Union ndi Yugoslavia n’kulowa m’dera la Eastern Europe chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1990. Komabe, zoyesayesa zake zothetsa mavuto a ku Balkan zinagwa pamene akuluakulu a ku France, Germany, ndi Britain anatsutsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko lodziimira lolamulidwa ndi Asilamu ku Bosnia-Herzegovina ndipo anaika chiletso cha zida. Nkhondo yotsatirayi inasokoneza ndondomeko ya EU ndipo inapatsa US mwayi wolowererapo ndi kukakamiza Dayton Peace Accords. Mwina, pozindikira kuti alibe mphamvu zotengera njira yodziyimira pawokha, panthawi yamavuto a Kosovo mu 1998, mamembala aku Europe a NATO - makamaka, Britain, France, Italy, ndi Germany - sanatsutse kugwiritsa ntchito kwa US mphamvu zawo kuphulitsa Serbia kunkhondo. kugonjera.
Kuyesera kwachitatu kusonyeza ufulu wa US kunachitika pamene France ndi Germany anakana kutenga nawo mbali mu "Coalition of the Willing" ya US kuti iwononge Iraq. Kusunthaku kunali kuyankha ku malingaliro akuluakulu odana ndi nkhondo mu kontinenti mu 2003. Izi zinabweretsa kusiyana kwa Mlembi wa Chitetezo ku United States Donald Rumsfeld pakati pa "Old Europe" ndi "New Europe." Kuthamanga uku kwa mayiko akunja ndi ankhondo odziyimira pawokha ku US kunali, komabe, kwakanthawi. France idalowa nawo ntchito yochotsa Ghadaffy ku Libya mchaka cha 2011 ndipo Purezidenti Francois Hollande adawonetsa kuti akufuna kutenga nawo gawo pankhondo yolimbana ndi Syria mu 2013.
Pomaliza, pakhala kukambirana kwazaka zambiri kuti akhazikitse gulu lankhondo laku Europe, lolimbikitsidwa ndi kusakhazikika pakutseka kwa NATO ku Europe ku zolinga za Washington padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2009, nyumba yamalamulo ya EU idavota kuti ikhazikitse Sychronized Armed Forces Europe (SAFE) ngati sitepe yoyamba yopita ku gulu lankhondo la European Union. Koma kuchokera ku mbiri yakale yaposachedwa, mwayi ndikuti izi zitha kukhala, osati monga cholowa m'malo, koma chothandizira NATO.
Europe ndi Crisis ku Ukraine
Udindo waku Europe ngati wolowa m'malo komanso wocheperako ku US sungakhale wathunthu popanda kutchula mwachidule zavuto la Ukraine. Mizu yavutoyi ili m'chigamulo cha Washington chokulitsa NATO mpaka kumalo achitetezo aku Russia, kutsatira kugwa kwa Soviet Union koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Ntchitoyi sinangobweretsa mayiko omwe kale anali a Soviet satellite ku NATO koma omwe kale anali mamembala a Soviet Union, monga Lithuania, Estonia ndi Latvia. Kuyendetsa uku kudapangidwa kuti pamapeto pake kuphatikize Ukraine ndi Georgia, ndipo cholinga chake chinali chodziwikiratu: gwiritsani ntchito kufooka kwa Russia kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizidzakhalanso mphamvu zazikulu. Kukula kwa NATO kwafanana ndi kukula kwa EU, ngakhale kuti palibe makalata amodzi.
Komabe, mu 2010, kulimbikitsa kukhala membala wa NATO ndi EU kudayimitsidwa ndi Purezidenti wa Ukraine Viktor Yanukovich. Komabe, EU idalimbikira ndikumupatsa Yanukovich mwayi wokhala ndi ubale wapamtima potengera thandizo lazachuma. Komabe, izi zidakanidwa chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri chinali kukhazikitsa njira zochepetsera ku Ukraine komanso kuthandizira kwa Ukraine pazolinga zankhondo ndi chitetezo cha EU. Kuwonongeka kwa ulamuliro wa Yanukovich kunatsatira posakhalitsa. Katswiri waku Russia a Stephen Cohen, pulofesa wotuluka ku Princeton, akupereka zomwe mwina ndiye kuwunika komwe kulipo pa mkangano womwe ulipo. Putin ayenera kuti anathandizirapo pa izi, koma udindo wake m'zaka khumi ndi zinayi zaulamuliro wakhala wokhazikika - inde, madandaulo omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa motsutsana ndi iye ku Moscow. "
Mphamvu Yofewa Yaku Europe?
Kusanthula mwachiduleku kukanakhala kosakwanira popanda kukambirana kwina kwa njira yomwe imati EU iyenera kupanga "mphamvu zofewa" m'malo mwa "mphamvu zolimba" za United States. Izi zikutanthauza kuyang'ana kwambiri pazachuma ndi zamalonda m'malo mwa mgwirizano wankhondo, kulimbikitsa zikhalidwe zaku Europe monga demokalase ndi ufulu wa anthu, ndikuyika zikhalidwe zaufulu wa anthu pamapulogalamu ake othandizira. Vuto ndi njira iyi ndi malonda nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsa mwamtendere zomwe mphamvu zankhondo zimachita mwachindunji, ndiko kugonjera kwa dziko lofooka. Palinso vuto loti gawo lalikulu lazamalonda ku Europe ndi malonda a zida, kotero kuti ena amamenya nkhondo mpaka kufa ndi zida zomwe Europe imapereka, nthawi zina kumbali zonse. Komanso, zikafika pakuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe, pomwe kuyimirira ozunzidwa kungayambitse kutsutsidwa kwa Washington, maboma aku Europe amakhala opanda mfundo. Kotero mu mkangano wa Gaza, udindo wa EU ndikuti Hamas, osati Israeli, ndilo vuto lalikulu.
Koma mwina chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwa mawu amphamvu kwambiri a mphamvu zofewa za ku Ulaya-kupititsa patsogolo ufulu wa anthu-zakhala zopotoka kuti zikhale mzati wapakati pa ndondomeko ya "kulowererapo kwa anthu," zomwe, modabwitsa. mokwanira, amawerengera ngati olankhulira ake omveka bwino omwe kale anali ankhondo aku Europe monga Nduna yakale ya ku Germany Joshka Fischer, membala wodziwika bwino wa Green Party waku France a Daniel Cohn Bendit, Cynthia Roth, wapampando wa Green Party yaku Germany, komanso Purezidenti Francois Hollande waku France. .
Monga ku Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, ndi Libya, kulowererapo kwaumphawi ndikuliranso kwankhondo kuti European alowererepo motsutsana ndi ISIS, pamodzi ndi ma paragons a demokalase monga Saudi Arabia ndi Qatar.
Kukaniza kwa Anthu
Mbiriyi ndi yoipa, koma kukana kwa anthu motsutsana ndi kulowererapo kwa mfumu sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa poletsa mayiko a ku Ulaya kufunitsitsa kuchita zinthu ngati wogonjera kapena wothandizira ku United States. Kufotokozera kwakukulu kwa izi kunali, ndithudi, gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ku Ulaya panthawi ya nkhondo ya Iraq, yomwe inali chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chinalepheretsa kudzipereka kwa asilikali a France ndi Germany.
Osadetsedwanso ndi gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ku Britain. Kukakamizidwa kodziwika kumeneku ndi komwe kudapangitsa Nyumba yamalamulo kukana kulowa nawo dongosolo la Obama lomenyera nkhondo ku Syria mu Ogasiti 2013.
Pamene Britain, France, ndi mayiko ena aku Europe akuyandikira ku mgwirizano wankhondo motsutsana ndi ISIS, gulu lodana ndi nkhondo lili pamphambano. ISIS ndi cholengedwa chankhanza, koma monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri zothandizira anthu, magulu ankhondo olimbana nawo ndi maulamuliro akumadzulo akuyenera kukulitsa chidwi chake kwa ambiri omwe amadana ndi ulamuliro wakumadzulo komanso, monga kuukira kwa US ku Iraq ndi Franco-British. kampeni ku Libya yoyendetsedwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi Washington, kuchitapo kanthu kumeneku kupangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire.
Kuyitanira zida zankhondo m'dzina lachitukuko ndikukumbutsa kuyitanira kwachauvinistic kuti asonkhanitse mbendera yomwe idatsagana ndi kuyambika kwa ziwawa ku Europe zaka zana zapitazo. Ndi ntchito ya gulu la mtendere ku Ulaya kukumbutsa anthu awo za maphunziro a nkhondo imeneyo ndi kukokera maboma awo lero kuchokera pamphepete mwa chiwonongeko china choopsa.
Wolemba nkhani ku Telesur Walden Bello ndi membala wa House of Representatives of the Republic of the Philippines ndipo ndi wolemba kapena wolemba nawo mabuku 18, atsopano omwe ndi Nkhondo Zazakudya (London: Verso, 2009) ndi Kaimidwe Komaliza Kwa Capitalism? Deglobalization mu Era of Austerity (London: Zed, 2013).
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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