N'zosadabwitsa kuti kufulumira kwachuma kwa dziko lonse pamodzi ndi kukwera kwa pulezidenti wa US wa ufulu wa African-American kwasiya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kuyembekezera kuti dziko latsala pang'ono kufika nyengo yatsopano. Ena mwa osankhidwa atsopano a Purezidenti Barack Obama - makamaka mlembi wakale wa Treasury Larry Summers kuti atsogolere National Economic Council, New York Federal Reserve Board a Tim Geithner kukhala mtsogoleri wa Treasury, ndi meya wakale wa Dallas Ron Kirk kukhala woyimira malonda ndithudi zinayambitsa kukayikira kwina. Koma lingaliro loti mafomu akale a neoliberal adatsutsidwa kwathunthu atsimikizira ambiri kuti utsogoleri watsopano wa demokalase pachuma chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi uphwanya mfundo zoyambira msika zomwe zakhala zikulamulira kuyambira koyambirira kwa 1980s.
Funso limodzi lofunikira, ndithudi, ndiloti kutha kudzakhala kotsimikizika komanso kotsimikizika bwanji ndi neoliberalism. Mafunso ena, komabe, amapita kumtima wa capitalism wokha. Kodi umwini wa boma, kuloลตererapo, ndi kulamulira zidzachitidwa kokha kuti akhazikitse chikapitalism, pambuyo pake ulamuliro udzaperekedwanso kwa akuluakulu abungwe? Kodi tiwona gawo lachiwiri la capitalism yaku Keynesi, pomwe akuluakulu aboma ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito limodzi ndi ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito limodzi potengera ndondomeko ya mafakitale, kukula, ndi malipiro apamwamba - ngakhale ali ndi gawo lobiriwira nthawi ino? Kapena kodi tidzawona zoyamba za kusintha kofunikira pa umwini ndi kuwongolera chuma m'njira yodziwika bwino? Pali malire a kukonzanso mโdongosolo la ukapitalisti wa dziko lonse, koma palibe nthaลตi ina mโzaka za mโma theka lapitalo pamene malire amenewo anaoneka ngati amadzimadzi kwambiri.
Purezidenti Nicolas Sarkozy waku France watenga kale udindo umodzi. Polengeza kuti "laissez-faire capitalism yafa," adapanga thumba la ndalama zokwana 20 biliyoni kuti lilimbikitse luso laukadaulo, kusunga mafakitale apamwamba m'manja mwa France, ndikupulumutsa ntchito. "Tsiku lomwe sitidzapanga masitima, ndege, magalimoto, ndi zombo, chuma cha ku France chidzatsala chiyani?" posachedwapa anafunsa mwachipongwe. "Zokumbukira. Sindipanga France kukhala malo ochezera alendo." Ndondomeko zaukali zamakampani zotere zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupambana pagulu la ogwira ntchito achizungu mdziko muno zitha kugwirizana ndi malamulo oletsa olowa m'mayiko ena omwe pulezidenti wa ku France wakhala akugwirizana nawo.
Demokalase Yadziko Lonse Lapansi
Keynesianism yatsopano ya dziko pamodzi ndi mizere ya Sarkozyan, komabe, si njira yokhayo yomwe ilipo kwa osankhidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Popeza kufunikira kovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi kulimbikitsa zokonda zawo m'dziko lomwe mphamvu zikuyenda kumwera, otsogola akumadzulo atha kupeza chowoneka bwino mphukira ya European Social Democracy ndi New Deal liberalism yomwe munthu angatchule "Global Social Democracy" kapena GSD.
Ngakhale mavuto azachuma asanachitike, ogwirizana ndi GSD anali ataziyika kale ngati njira ina yolumikizirana ndi neoliberal globalization poyankha kupsinjika ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhumudwitsidwa ndi omaliza. Munthu m'modzi wolumikizidwa ndi izi ndi Prime Minister waku Britain Gordon Brown, yemwe adatsogolera ku Europe pakusokonekera kwachuma kudzera pakukhazikitsa kwapang'ono kwa mabanki. Amadziwika kuti ndi mtsogoleri wa kampeni ya "Make Poverty History" ku United Kingdom, a Brown, akadali mtsogoleri wa dziko la Britain, adapereka lingaliro la "mgwirizano capitalism" pakati pa msika ndi mabungwe aboma omwe angabwere padziko lonse lapansi. adati a Franklin Roosevelt adathandizira chuma cha dziko: "kuteteza zopindulitsa pamsika ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwake." Izi ziyenera kukhala dongosolo, adatero Brown, lomwe "limagwira phindu lonse lamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuyenda kwachuma, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka, kukulitsa mwayi kwa onse, ndikukweza omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri - mwachidule, kubwezeretsedwa kwachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi. zolinga zapagulu ndi malingaliro apamwamba."
Kulumikizana ndi Brown pofotokoza nkhani ya Global Social Democratic lakhala gulu losiyanasiyana lomwe lili ndi ena, wazachuma Jeffrey Sachs, George Soros, Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN Kofi Annan, katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu David Held, Joseph Stiglitz wopambana mphoto ya Nobel, komanso Bill Gates. Pali, ndithudi, kusiyana kwa kusiyana pakati pa maudindo a anthuwa, koma cholinga cha malingaliro awo ndi chofanana: kubweretsa kukonzanso dongosolo la chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi mgwirizano wotsitsimula wa malingaliro a capitalism yapadziko lonse.
Zina mwazofunikira zomwe anthu a GSD apanga ndi awa:
- Kudalirana kwapadziko lonse ndikopindulitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi; a neoliberal angolephera kugwira ntchito yoyang'anira ndikugulitsa kwa anthu;
- Ndikofunikira kupulumutsa kudalirana kwadziko lapansi kuchokera ku neoliberals chifukwa kudalirana kwadziko lapansi kumasinthika ndipo, kwenikweni, kuli kale pakukonzekera kusinthidwa;
- Kukula ndi kulinganiza kungabwere mkangano, pamene wina ayenera kuika patsogolo chilungamo;
- Malonda aulere sangakhale, kwenikweni, kukhala opindulitsa m'kupita kwanthawi ndipo angasiye ambiri osauka, kotero ndikofunikira kuti makonzedwe a malonda agwirizane ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chilengedwe;
- Unilateralism iyenera kupewedwa pomwe kusintha kwakukulu kwa mabungwe ndi mapangano akuyenera kuchitidwa - njira yomwe ingaphatikizepo kutaya kapena kusokoneza ena mwa iwo, monga mgwirizano wa WTO's Trade-Related Intellectual Property Agreement (TRIPs);
- Kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu padziko lonse, kapena kuchepetsa kusagwirizana pakati pa mayiko ndi mayiko, kuyenera kutsagana ndi mgwirizano wa msika wapadziko lonse;
- Ngongole yapadziko lonse ya mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene iyenera kuthetsedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, kotero kuti ndalama zomwe zatsalazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa chuma cha m'deralo, motero zimathandizira kukonzanso kwapadziko lonse;
- Umphawi ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri kotero kuti pulogalamu yaikulu yothandizira kapena "Marshall Plan" kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mkati mwa "Millennium Development Goals";
- "Second Green Revolution" iyenera kuyambika, makamaka mu Africa, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mbewu zopangidwa ndi chibadwa.
- Ndalama zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kuperekedwa kuti zipititse patsogolo chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi m'njira zokhazikika zachilengedwe, pomwe boma likutenga gawo lotsogola ("Green Keynesianism" kapena "Green Capitalism");
- Ntchito zankhondo kuti zithetse mavuto ziyenera kugogomezedwa mokomera zokambirana ndi "mphamvu zofewa," ngakhale kulowererapo kwausilikali pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kupha anthu kuyenera kuchitika.
Malire a Global Social Democracy
Demokalase yapadziko lonse lapansi sinalandire chidwi chochuluka, mwina chifukwa ambiri opita patsogolo akumenyabe nkhondo yomaliza, ndiko kuti, motsutsana ndi neoliberalism. Kudzudzula ndikofunikira, osati chifukwa chakuti GSD ndiye wolowa m'malo mwa neoliberalism. Chofunika kwambiri, ngakhale GSD ili ndi zinthu zina zabwino, ili ndi, monga paradigm yakale ya Social Democratic Keynesian, zovuta zingapo.
Kudzudzula kungayambike ndikuwunikira mavuto omwe ali ndi zinthu zinayi zapakati pamalingaliro a GSD.
Choyamba, GSD imagawana tsankho la neoliberalism pakukula kwa mayiko, kudzisiyanitsa makamaka polonjeza kulimbikitsa kudalirana kwapadziko lonse kuposa a neoliberal. Izi zikufanana ndi kunena, komabe, pongowonjezera gawo la "mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi," njira yowononga chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe komanso yosokoneza imatha kukhala yabwino komanso yovomerezeka. GSD imaganiza kuti anthu akufunadi kukhala gawo la chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimagwira bwino ntchito pomwe zotchinga pakati pa mayiko ndi mayiko zasowa. Koma kodi mโchenicheni iwo sangakonde kukhala mbali ya chuma chimene chili pansi pa ulamuliro wa mโderalo ndi wotetezedwa ku kusokonekera kwa chuma cha mayiko? Zowonadi, kutsika kofulumira kwamasiku ano kwachuma cholumikizana chikutsimikizira kutsimikizika kwa chimodzi mwazotsutsa zazikulu zamagulu odana ndi kudalirana kwapadziko lonse lapansi pazachuma.
Chachiwiri, GSD imagawana zokonda za neoliberalism pamsika ngati njira yayikulu yopangira, kugawa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kudzipatula makamaka polimbikitsa zomwe boma likuchita kuti athane ndi kulephera kwa msika. Kudalirana kwapadziko lonse kumene dziko likufunikira, malinga ndi Jeffrey Sachs m'buku la The End of Poverty, kungaphatikizepo "kugwiritsa ntchito ... mphamvu zochititsa chidwi zamalonda ndi zachuma pamene tikuvomereza ndi kuthetsa zofooka pogwiritsa ntchito chipukuta misozi." Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kunena kuti nzika ndi mabungwe akuyenera kupanga zisankho zazikulu zachuma ndipo msika, monga ulamuliro wa boma, ndi njira imodzi yokha yokhazikitsira zisankho zademokalase.
Chachitatu, GSD ndi pulojekiti yaukadaulo, yomwe akatswiri amaswa ndikukankhira kusintha kwa anthu kuchokera pamwamba, m'malo mokhala projekiti yotenga nawo mbali pomwe zoyeserera zimayambira pansi.
Chachinayi, GSD, ngakhale ikutsutsana ndi neoliberalism, imavomereza ndondomeko ya monopoly capitalism, yomwe imakhazikika pakupeza phindu kuchokera kumtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali kuchokera kuntchito, imachokera ku zovuta kupita ku zovuta chifukwa cha zizoloลตezi za kubereka mopitirira muyeso, ndipo zimakonda kukankhira chilengedwe. ku malire ake pofunafuna phindu. Monga chikhalidwe cha Keynesian m'bwalo ladziko lonse, GSD ikufuna m'bwalo lapadziko lonse kulolerana kwatsopano komwe kumatsagana ndi njira zatsopano zopezera kapena kuchepetsa chizolowezi cha capitalism pamavuto. Monga momwe demokalase yakale ya Social Democracy ndi New Deal idakhazikitsira capitalism yadziko, ntchito yakale ya Global Social Democracy ndikuchotsa zotsutsana za capitalism yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuyiyikanso pambuyo pavuto ndi chipwirikiti chomwe chinasiyidwa ndi neoliberalism. GSD ndi, poyambira, za kasamalidwe ka anthu.
Obama ali ndi talente yolumikizira nkhani zosiyanasiyana zandale. Alinso "wopanda kanthu" pankhani yazachuma. Monga FDR, iye sali womangidwa kumayendedwe akale. Iye ndi pragmatist yemwe muyezo wake waukulu ndi kupambana pa kayendetsedwe ka anthu. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi mwayi wapadera wotsogolera bizinesi yofuna kusintha zinthu.
Reveille for Progressives
Ngakhale kuti opita patsogolo anali pankhondo yolimbana ndi neoliberalism, malingaliro osintha zinthu anali kufalikira m'magulu ovuta kwambiri. Lingaliro ili tsopano latsala pang'ono kukhala ndondomeko, ndipo opita patsogolo ayenera kugwira ntchito kawiri kuti achite nawo. Sikuti kungochoka pa kudzudzulidwa kupita ku malangizo a dokotala. Chovuta ndikugonjetsa malire a malingaliro opita patsogolo a ndale omwe amaperekedwa ndi nkhanza za zovuta za neoliberal m'ma 1980 pamodzi ndi kugwa kwa maulamuliro a chikhalidwe cha Socialist kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Mabungwe omwe apita patsogolo ayenera molimba mtima kufunitsitsanso kutsata malingaliro a bungwe lachitukuko lomwe mopanda manyazi likufuna kuti pakhale kufanana komanso kuwongolera demokalase yotenga nawo mbali pazachuma chadziko komanso chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi monga zofunika kuti munthu aliyense athe kumasuka.
Monga ulamuliro wakale wa Keynesian pambuyo pa nkhondo, Global Social Democracy ndi yokhudza kasamalidwe ka anthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maganizo opita patsogolo ndi okhudza ufulu wa anthu.
Walden Bello ndi mtolankhani wa Foreign Policy In Focus, katswiri wamkulu pa Focus on the Global South yochokera ku Bangkok, pulezidenti wa Freedom from Debt Coalition, komanso pulofesa wa chikhalidwe cha anthu ku yunivesite ya Philippines.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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