[Kusiyanasiyana kwa nkhani iyi kunaperekedwa lero, Lachisanu, May 29 pa B-Fest in
Moni, nyimbo yamasiku ano imatchedwa "Land & Freedom" ndipo ndafunsidwa kuti ndilankhule pa mutu wa Participatory Society: Urban Space and Freedom.
Ndisanayambe, ndikufuna ndikuthokozeni chifukwa chondiitanira kuno lero komanso chifukwa chochititsa msonkhano uno. Aka kanali koyamba kuti ndipiteko
Mizinda yamasiku ano ili kutali ndi kupereka mikhalidwe yofanana ndi mwayi kwa anthu okhalamo. Ambiri mwa anthu akumatauni amalandidwa kapena kuperewera - potengera chuma, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, fuko, jenda kapena zaka - pokwaniritsa zosowa ndi ufulu wawo. Ndondomeko zapagulu zomwe zimathandizira izi ponyalanyaza zopereka za njira zodziwika bwino zokhalamo pomanga mzinda ndi nzika, zimangowononga moyo wamtawuni. Zotsatira zowopsa za mkhalidwewu ndi monga kuthamangitsidwa kwakukulu, kusankhana, ndi kusokonekera kwa kukhalirana pamodzi.
- Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa Ufulu wa Mzinda
M'masiku angapo apitawa kuno ku Greece ndauzidwa kuti pafupifupi theka la anthu okhala kuno ku Athens komanso kuti oposa theka ali m'matauni m'dziko lonselo. Chifukwa chake, mungakhale ndi chidwi kumva kuti lero, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, anthu 3.3 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, theka la anthu, amakhala m'mizinda. Oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthuwa sapeza nawo phindu limene mizinda ikupereka. Akuti mkati mwa zaka makumi aลตiri 60 peresenti ya chiลตerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi adzakhala mโmatauni ndipo, ngati tipitiriza mkhalidwe wamakonowu, podzafika 2050 anthu okhala mโtauni mโmaiko otukuka kumene adzakhala 5.3 biliyoni, makamaka ku Asia ndi ku Asia. Africa. Chifukwa cha zochitika izi zaka zana lino zatchedwa "Zaka Zazikulu za Mzinda" (State of the Worlds Cities 2008/2009, UN Habitat).
Kukula kwa mizinda kofulumiraku kwachitika mokulirapo kuposa kale lonse ndipo kwayamba kale ndipo nthawi zina sikungatheke, kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe, chuma, ndi chilengedwe. Kusamukira kumadera akumatauni, kukula kwachilengedwe (kubadwa kopitilira kufa), kuchulukana kwamatauni, kukwera mtengo kwamafuta ndi zakudya, kufunikira kwantchito, kugwiritsa ntchito zoyendera za anthu ambiri, komanso moyo wosavuta wa mtawuni zonse zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. ndi kupanga zinyalala zochuluka. Njira zimenezi zimapangitsa mizinda yamasiku ano kukhala magwero aakulu a kuipitsa. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa madera akumatauni kumatanthauza kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa nyengo komwe osowa ndi omwe alibe mphamvu amavutika kwambiri.
Pakati ndi mkati mwa mizinda, kuchuluka kwa chuma, mphamvu, ndi mwayi kumapangitsa kuti kusiyana kwa malo ndi chikhalidwe kuwonekere. Kusafanana kwa m'matauni kumakhudza mwachindunji mbali zonse za moyo wa anthu, kuphatikizapo thanzi, zakudya, kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi mafuko, maphunziro, ndi imfa. Kulikonse kumene kusalingana kwa malo, chikhalidwe, ndi zinthu zakuthupi kumayambitsa kusowa kwa ulamuliro wodziwika bwino wosankha zisankho kumachepetsa kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu ndi kuphatikizana ndi anthu.
Kutengera zomwe tafotokozazi, ndimazindikira zovuta zazikulu zitatu:
(1) Kukula Kwamatauni Mofulumira kumathandizidwa ndi kusowa kwa zisankho zodziwika bwino pamagulu a anthu komanso miyoyo yathu, zomwe zimapangitsa mizinda kukhala malo omwe chuma chonyansa ndi mphamvu zimakhalira limodzi ndi kulandidwa kwakukulu kwa pafupifupi theka la anthu padziko lapansi ndi zomwe zikulosera kwambiri. posachedwapa.
(2) Lingaliro la kulinganiza mizinda ndi chitukuko cha mizinda kumayendetsedwa ndi zofuna za likulu ndi zisankho zotsika pansi za maboma ang'onoang'ono, zigawo, ndi mayiko kumene zolinga za olamulira pa olamulidwa ndi zotsutsana ndi zofuna za ena onse. ife. Dongosolo la capitalism, dongosolo lofotokozedwa ndi eni ake azinthu zopindulitsa, misika yokhala ndi maudindo a ogula ndi ogulitsa, ndi magawo amakampani ogwira ntchito m'malo antchito zathandizira kugwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe za anthu ndi zachilengedwe komwe mapindu a moyo wamtawuni amapezeka. kwa ochepa okha pamene kukwera mtengo kwa kukula kwa mizinda ndi kumasuka kumayanjana ndi anthu ambiri.
(3) Bungwe la UN Habitat likusimba kuti mโzaka khumi zapakati pa 1990 ndi 2000 kukula kwa mizinda mโmadera otukuka kumene kunali kodziลตika ndi kuloลตa kwa mizinda yatsopano imene inalibe mizinda yatsopano mu 1990. m'matauni ndikukhala madera akumatauni chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe kawo, kukula kwachilengedwe kapena kusamuka." (PDF) Vuto si kuchuluka kwa mizindayi, koma kukula kwake komanso kukula kwake komwe kulipo. Koma kodi iwo anachokera kuti? Mizinda imeneyi sinali yamatsenga, kapena kuti sinali chifukwa cha kuloลตererapo kwa Mulungu kapena chisinthiko chodziwika bwino mโmbiri. Mโmalo mwake, ndi zolengedwa zopangidwa ndi anthu. Momwemonso, momwemonso pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chuma ndi mphamvu zomwe zili mkati ndi pakati pa mizindayi. Kusamalira kusalingana m'matauni kumatheka kudzera m'mabungwe otsogola opangidwa ndi anthu omwe amatumikira zofuna zapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, chiyembekezo chathu chagona pakutha kudzidalira kwa anthu kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawozawo zapagulu komanso zakuthupi kuti apititse patsogolo miyoyo yawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuchita zisankho pazotsatira zawo. Kuti tikwaniritse izi, ndikugonjetsa mphamvu zolimbana ndi kusintha (zomwe tazifotokoza pansipa), tidzafunika masomphenya ogawana a gulu lomwe likugwirizana ndi dongosolo lomwe limapereka kudzilamulira, kusasankhana magulu, mgwirizano, ndi kusiyana.
Gulu lomwe ndimalimbikitsa limatchedwa Gulu Logwira Ntchito ndipo limakhala ndi zotsatira za momwe timayendera ku zovuta zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa. Tsopano ndiyang'ana pa zotsatirazi ndipo ndikufotokozera masomphenya atsopano a bungwe ngati njira yothetsera vutoli.
Mavuto Akumatauni & Kuwongolera Kwachikhalidwe
Likulu la tawuni silimangofotokozedwa ndi maubwenzi akumidzi kapena akumidzi - ndi malo, malo, chigawo kapena geography - komanso ndi mgwirizano wa chikhalidwe ndi chuma chomwe chimaphatikizapo madera onse. Dziko lirilonse liri ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi maudindo ndi maubwenzi, komanso machitidwe ndi zotsatila zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomwe timayembekezera kuti mabungwewa adzapanga ndi kupanganso. Zotsatira izi zitha kukhala zofunika kwambiri kapena zochepa. Iwo akhoza kukhala ochuluka kapena ochepa; kusankhana mitundu kapena kuchepera; kugonana kwambiri kapena kuchepera; ndi kulola kulamulira mochulukira pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.
Madera kumene anthu ali ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri zopangira zisankho, kumene anthu alibe zonena zambiri kapena alibe zonena za nthawi ndi malo omwe amagwira ntchito kapena kukhala, momwe amagwirira ntchito kapena kukhala, kapena zomwe amapanga kapena kudya, amavutitsidwa ndi kudzipatula komanso kudzipatula komwe kumabisa zinthu zomwe amagawana ndi anzawo. kuchititsa kuti anthu a kuntchito kwawo, m'dera limodzi, kapena mumzinda, azikhala osiyana komanso azikhalidwe komanso kuti asamacheza. Zonsezi zingayambitse khalidwe lodana ndi anthu ambiri monga kusungulumwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa, umbanda ndi chiwawa, nkhanza za katundu wa anthu, komanso zimakhudza zizindikiro zambiri za anthu monga kupsinjika maganizo, thanzi la maganizo ndi thupi, maphunziro, ndi imfa. Chisoni pazotsatira zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chimachepetsedwa pomwe malingaliro osagwirizana ndi kusagwirizana, ngakhalenso kukayikira za kuvutika kwa anthu, akukwezeka. Mapangidwe awa amapindika ndikudziunjikira pamene akulowa muzochita za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi maubale omwe amafotokozera moyo wathu. Amakakamiza mopondereza mphindi iliyonse.
Masiku ano m'matauni muli mikangano yochuluka kumene kuchulukana kwa chuma ndi mphamvu zimayendera limodzi ndi umphawi ndi kusimidwa. Limodzi mwa malingaliro amphamvu kwambiri omwe ndingaganizire kuti ndithetse vutoli komanso zotsatira zake zoyipa ndikuti anthu azidzilamulira okha pakupanga zisankho pamiyoyo yawo.
Mfundo yodzilamulira ikuphatikizapo, koma sikumangokhalira, ufulu wa anthu ndi mwayi wopeza chuma cha anthu ndi malo ochezera. Komabe, mwayi ndi ufulu wopita ku mzindawu sizofanana ndi kudzilamulira nokha komanso kudziyimira pawokha kwa mabungwe a anthu. Kudzilamulira kumapitilira iwo omwe akuganiza kuti ali omasuka ku chidziwitso chabodza ndikukhulupilira kuti amadziwa zomwe zili zokomera anthu ndipo amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopangira zisankho m'malo mwa wina aliyense. Zikutanthauza kuti anthu amapanga zisankho okha, malinga ndi momwe iwo ndi ena amakhudzidwira, za momwe angayendetsere miyoyo yawo ndi mabungwe a anthu. Iwo amakhala arbiters a tsogolo lawo.
Kuti aliyense kulikonse azitha kudzilamulira motere m'miyoyo yawo mabungwe a anthu ayenera kusinthidwa, m'mbali zonse za moyo, kuti athe kupanga zisankho molingana ndi momwe zimakhudzidwira. Gulu lamtunduwu limatchedwa Gulu Lophatikizana - ndi anthu odzilamulira okha, ndi gulu lopanda anthu, ndi gulu la mgwirizano, ndi anthu okhazikika, Ndi anthu osiyanasiyana.
Pakumanga gulu latsopano lotenga nawo mbali:
- Maudindo a m'kalasi adzathetsedwa chifukwa cha magawo atsopano a anthu ogwira ntchito, malipiro a ntchito chifukwa chotopa komanso kulimbikira kudzakhala chizolowezi, ndipo makhonsolo omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi ogula adzakambirana za kugawika kwa zinthu zofunika pamoyo.
- Ulamuliro wamitundu ndi madera sadzakhalapo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwamitundu yonse komanso kufanana kwamitundu.
- Zigawo za jenda ndi zogonana zidzathetsedwa kuti zikolole anthu osagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso osamalira.
- Ulamuliro wa ndale udzathetsedwa chifukwa cha njira zatsopano zodzilamulira zokha.
Gulu lotengapo mbali, pomwe anthu amakhala ndi zisankho zodziyendetsa okha pazokhudza zomwe zimawakhudza, zidzafunika chidziwitso chatsopano, luso, ndi kuthekera kwa aliyense. Mabungwe otenga mbali a Sosaiti adzapereka chifundo, kumvetsetsa, ndi mgwirizano; mwayi wofanana kuti tizindikire zomwe tili nazo
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