Source: Foreign Policy in Focus
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Filippo Ceccanibbi/Shutterstock
Kalekale, munthu wolemera wa hypochondriac anali kudandaula za ululu m'mutu ndi m'mimba. Iye anafunsira kwa munthu wanzeru amene ananena kuti gwero la vutolo lili kwinakwake: mโmaso mwa munthuyo. Pofuna kuthetsa kupweteka kwa mutu ndi kupweteka kwa m'mimba kosalekeza, wanzeruyo adanena kuti ayang'ane mtundu umodzi wokha wa malo ozungulira - wobiriwira - ndikunyalanyaza ena onse.
Mwamsanga munthu wolemerayo analemba ganyu antchito kuti aziphimba chilichonse chimene chinkaoneka ndi utoto wobiriwira kuti atsatire malangizo achilendowo. Patapita masiku khumi, munthu wanzeruyo atabwerera atavala mkanjo wake wa safironi, munthu wina wantchito anathamanga nโkumuthiranso utoto wobiriwira.
โWawononga ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha kupusa kwako kwakukulu,โ wanzeru wodzala utoto anadzudzula munthu wolemerayo. "Mukadagula zowonera zobiriwira, zomwe mwina zimakwana ma rupees anayi, mukadasunga makoma ndi mitengo ndi mapoto ndi mapoto ndi mipando ndi sofa komanso gawo lalikulu la chuma chanu."
Wanzeruyo adadzikweza yekha kuti apereke uthenga wake womaliza: "Simungathe kujambula dziko lapansi lobiriwira!"
Makhalidwe a izi Chihindi nthano ndi yosavuta. Simungathe kusintha dziko. Mutha kusintha momwe mumawonera dziko lapansi. Kuzindikira ndi chilichonse.
Chenjezoli ndi losayenera makamaka masiku ano. Ndi zovuta zanyengo zomwe zikupitilira dziko lapansi, anthu akuyenera kusintha dziko lapansi kapena kutheratu. Mophiphiritsa, tiyeneradi kupaka utoto wobiriwira wa dzikoโndi kunyalanyaza otchedwa anzeru anzeru amene amatiuza kungovala magalasi amtundu wobiriลตira.
M'dziko lenileni, kusankha kumeneku kumachokera ku kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wapadziko lonse kapena kugonjera ku "greenwashing" yomwe imangoteteza zachilengedwe.
Boma la Biden likukumana ndi chisankho chomwechi. Kodi idzawononga ndalama zambiri kuthandiza kupaka utoto wobiriwira padziko lapansi kapena kungopereka magalasi owoneka bwino, kaya obiriwira kapena obiriwira, kutipangitsa tonsefe kuganiza kuti dzikoli lapulumutsidwa?
Kodi Ndondomeko Yake Ndi Yobiriwira Motani?
Ntchito yoyamba kwa oyang'anira omwe akubwera a Biden yakhala kuyeretsa zinyalala zapoizoni za utsogoleri wakale. Izi zikutanthauza kujowinanso mgwirizano wanyengo wa Paris, kuletsa payipi ya Keystone XL, ndikubwezeretsanso malamulo ambiri azachilengedwe omwe a Donald Trump adachotsa. Boma latsopanoli layimitsa kaye kukumba kwatsopano kwa mafuta ndi gasi m'malo a federal. Zasintha kuyesayesa kwa Trump kufooketsa lamulo la Clean Air Act. Lathandizira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wothetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydrofluorocarbons. Pazonse, oyang'anira akuyang'ana kubwerera m'mbuyo pafupifupi 100 zoyesayesa za Trump kukondera bizinesi kuposa chilengedwe.
Izi zipangitsa kuti dziko la United States libwerere ku chikhalidwe cha quo ante. Ulamuliro, komabe, uli ndi zolinga zowonjezereka.
M'malamulo ake a Januware 27 okhudza "kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo kunyumba ndi kunja," a Biden adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe adachita. imagwiritsa ntchito mawu opitilira 7,500. Mfundo yakuti dongosololi likulimbana ndi "vuto la nyengo" osati "kusintha kwa nyengo" ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha kuzama kumene olamulira amatengera nkhaniyi.
Dongosolo limayamba ndi mawu awa:
Tili ndi nthawi yopapatiza yochitapo kanthu kunyumba ndi kunja kuti tipewe zovuta kwambiri zavutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wothana ndi kusintha kwanyengo. Ntchito zapakhomo ziyenera kuyendera limodzi ndi utsogoleri wapadziko lonse wa United States, womwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi. Pamodzi, tiyenera kumvera sayansi ndikukumana mphindi.
Kuti izi zitheke, olamulira alengeza kuti dziko la United States likhala losalowerera ndale pofika chaka cha 2050, zomwe zidzafunika kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya. "Tiyenera kukulitsa chivundikiro chamitengo mwachangu kasanu kuposa momwe tilili," limati John Kerry, nthumwi yapadera ya Biden pazanyengo. "Tiyenera kukweza mphamvu zowonjezera kasanu ndi kamodzi mwachangu. Ndipo kusintha kwa magalimoto amagetsi kuyenera kuchitika mwachangu nthawi 22. โ
Koma monga lonjezo lake loyamba lopatsa katemera anthu 100 miliyoni m'masiku 100, oyang'anira akukakamizika kale kuchita bwino. Mayiko ena akupikisana kuti asakhale osalowerera ndale mwachangu: Sweden idalonjeza kuti idzakhala yosalowerera ndale pofika 2045, Austria ndi Iceland. akhazikitsa 2040 ngati cholinga chawo, Finland ikuyang'ana 2035, ndipo onse a Norway ndi Uruguay akuyembekeza kukwaniritsa chizindikiro pofika 2030. apulo, Microsoftndipo General Zamagetsi Onse adadzipereka kuti asakhalenso ndi carbon pofika 2030. General Motors analengeza kumapeto kwa Januware kuti idzagulitsa magalimoto opanda ziro pofika 2035.
Chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pa mpikisano waku US wochita kusalowerera ndale ndi mtundu wa Biden wa Green New Deal. Izi "kusintha kwamphamvu koyera" kuyitanitsa kuyika ndalama zokwana madola 400 biliyoni pazaka 10 kuti zisinthe chuma cha US motsatira njira zokhazikika, ndikupanga ntchito zolipira bwino zokwana 10 miliyoni m'gawo lamagetsi oyeretsa ndikuyika chilungamo cha chilengedwe pakati pa izi.
Koma oyang'anira amatha kuchita zambiri ndi maulamuliro akuluakulu komanso kudzera m'mabungwe aboma monga Dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi. Panthawi ina, Congress iyenera kusankha ngati zaka zinayi zikubwerazi zidzasintha dziko lonse lapansi kapena kungotsuka zobiriwira.
Koma Congress-makamaka Senate-ndi vuto. Zikhala zovuta kukopa ma Republican komanso ma Democrats ngati a Joe Manchin, omwe akuyimira boma la migodi ya malasha ku West Virginia, kuti asayine chilichonse chomwe chidzasintha. Koma ngongole zamisonkho zamagetsi amphepo ndi mphamvu yadzuwa zidaphatikizidwa mu phukusi lolimbikitsira la Disembala 2020, lomwe ma Republican adathandizira. Ndipo Manchin akuthandizira kale The American Jobs in Energy Manufacturing Act, yomwe imapereka chilimbikitso cha msonkho kwa mabizinesi omwe amasinthira kuzinthu zamagetsi zoyeretsa. Komanso mu ntchito ndi Civil Climate Corps, yotengera njira yofananira ya New Deal-era, yomwe ingalembetse anthu omwe alibe ntchito ndi omwe sali pantchito kuti athandizire ntchito monga kubzala nkhalango ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe.
Zidzakhala zovuta kusuntha Congress pazochitika zapakhomo. Chigawo chapadziko lonse lapansi chikhoza kukhala chogulitsa kwambiri.
Kupita ku Green International
Osachepera pamapepala, oyang'anira a Biden akufuna kupanga zovuta zanyengo kukhala njira yosinthira mfundo zambiri zakunja zaku US. Lamulo la Januware 27 likuti: "Chidzakhala chofunikira kwambiri ku United States kukakamiza kukulitsa chilakolako chanyengo komanso kuphatikiza malingaliro anyengo m'mabwalo osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Gulu la Zisanu ndi ziwiri (G7), Gulu la makumi awiri (G20). ndi zokambirana zomwe zimayang'ana mphamvu zoyera, zandege, zapamadzi, Arctic, nyanja, chitukuko chokhazikika, kusamuka, ndi mitu ina yofunika. โ
Vuto loyamba la utsogoleri watsopano lidzakhala kuyika ndalama zake pamene pali pakamwa pake, ndipo chitsanzo chimodzi cha izo ndi zopereka zake ku Green Climate Fund. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2010 kuti ithandizire mayiko osauka kusiya mafuta oyaka, Fund idakweza pafupifupi $7 biliyoni pa $ 10 biliyoni yomwe idalonjeza poyamba. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kupereลตerako chinali United States, yomwe adalonjeza $3 biliyoni koma adangopereka $1 biliyoni yokha. Kumapeto kwa 2019, Fund idayimbanso foni kuti ibwezere nkhokwe zake ndipo idalandira malonjezo a $ 9.8 biliyoni.
Kerry ali zalengezedwa kale kuti United States idzachita bwino pazomwe idadzipereka kale potumiza $ 2 biliyoni ku Fund. Koma sananenepo za thandizo la US pakuwonjezeranso. Othandizira zanyengo atero anapempha akuluakulu kuwirikiza kawiri kudzipereka kwake koyambirira, monga momwe mayiko angapo aku Europe kuphatikiza South Korea ndi New Zealand achitira, ndikuwonjezera zopereka zake ku $ 9 biliyoni yonse. Kuchita mwamphamvu koteroko kwa United States sikungangokakamiza maiko ena kuti akwaniritse mulingo wapamwambawu komanso kukakamiza omwe ali kunja monga Russia ndi Australia kuti alowe nawo nawo ntchitoyi.
Vuto lomwe likubwera posachedwa, likhala kukwera kwa ngongole, makamaka ku Global South, komwe mliri wasanduka vuto lalikulu. Mayiko angapoโZambia, Costa Rica, Sri Lanka, Brazilโalephera kubweza ngongole zawo kapena ali pafupi nawo. Pakadali pano, vuto la zachuma m'maiko osauka lakakamiza angapo kuti aganizire zosiya ziletso zokomera nyengo komanso zachilengedwe pamagawo owopsa monga migodi yamakampani kuti athe kupeza ndalama. Mabungwe azachuma padziko lonse lapansi ayimitsa kubweza ngongole kumayiko osauka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo akuganizira njira zingapo zothanirana ndi vutoli, kuphatikiza kupereka Ufulu Wapadera Wojambula (SDR) kumayiko omwe akuvutika kwambiri kudzera mu International Monetary Fund.
Sizikudziwika kuti Biden wayima pati pakubweza ngongole kapena kuletsa. Koma lamulo la Januware 27 pazovuta zanyengo zikuphatikizapo makonzedwe otsatirawa: โkupangani njira ya momwe mawu ndi voti ya United States ingagwiritsidwire ntchito mโmabungwe azachuma padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo World Bank Group ndi International Monetary Fund, kulimbikitsa ndondomeko zandalama, ma phukusi olimbikitsa chuma, ndi njira zochotsera ngongole zomwe zikugwirizana. ndikuthandizira zolinga za Pangano la Paris. " Ndizotheka kuti oyang'anira, m'malo mochotsa ngongole, alimbikitse mtundu wina wa ngongole-kwa-chilengedwe or ngongole-kwa-nyengo swaps, makamaka m'matembenuzidwe omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri okhudzidwa kuphatikiza magulu azikhalidwe, kapena mwinanso kumbuyo kutulutsidwa kwa ma bond zogwirizana ndi ntchito pa zizindikiro zobiriwira.
Vuto lanyengo lidzakhudzanso momwe United States imakambirana mapangano amalonda. Kusankhidwa kwa Biden pamaudindo akulu azamalonda kukuwonetsa kuti atero kuyika zovuta zantchito ndi chilengedwe pakati pa ndondomeko ya US. Monga mtsogoleri wa pulezidenti, a Biden adalimbikitsa kupanga mgwirizano wamalonda wamtsogolo malinga ndi mayiko omwe akwaniritsa zomwe alonjeza pa mgwirizano wa Paris, ndi mamembala a Congress. akukankha kale Purezidenti watsopano kuti asinthe mgwirizano wamalonda wa US-Canada-Mexico kuti uwonetse mkhalidwewu. Njira ina yomwe ingatheke ndikuletsa kutulutsa mafuta, komwe Biden ali nako adawonetsa thandizo.
Purezidenti watsopano akukonzekera kukhala ndi Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Padziko Lapansi mwezi wamawa, ngakhale sizikudziwika kuti msonkhano wotere ungasiyane bwanji ndi womwe udachitika mu Disembala 2020 pokumbukira chaka chachisanu cha mgwirizano wa Paris. Olimbikitsa zanyengo akulimbikitsa olamulira kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayiwu kuyang'ana kwambiri "zowononga kwambiri" monga methane, black carbon, ndi HFCs, zomwe zimathandizira mosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa dziko.
Pakadali pano, zokonzekera za COP26 zikuyamba mu Novembala ku Glasgow. Chidani cha olamulira a Trump komanso kugawanika kwa gulu la Biden - osatchulanso za mliri wa COVID-19 womwe ukupitilira - zitha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a msonkhano wa UN. Mgwirizano wa Paris unabwera pamodzi chifukwa cha Miyezi 18 yakukambirana koyambirira. Kuyesera kofananako kuti apange mgwirizano usanachitike wa COP26 kwachedwa kutuluka.
Boma la Biden lalonjeza pazinthu zina zachilengedwe. Bungweli lavomereza ntchito ya โ30 by 30โ: kuteteza 30 peresenti ya madera ndi madera a mโmphepete mwa nyanja ku United States pofika chaka cha 2030. Kupatula maekala ena 440 miliyoni za nthaka yotetezedwa. Lonjezoli, lomwe ndi gawo la ndawala yapadziko lonse yoteteza zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, ingafunike kuchepetsanso ntchito zokolola m'mayiko a federal.
Mgwirizano pakati pa United States ndi China ndi wofunikira kuti ntchito iliyonse yapadziko lonse lapansi ipite patsogolo. China pakadali pano ndiyomwe imatsogolera kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi, ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo wapachaka ku United States pa nambala 2 (ngakhale United States amatsogolerabe kutengera kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa pakapita nthawi komanso kuchuluka kwa carbon footprint). M'zaka za a Obama, maiko awiriwa adapanga Clean Energy Research Consortium (CERC), njira yapagulu yomwe imalimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko m'magawo angapo okhudzana ndi mphamvu. Kukonzanso CERC kungakhale gawo loyamba kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa US-China.
Kubzala chitetezo cha dziko kungathe ndipo kuyenera kupitilira mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri. United States pakali pano amawononga $81 biliyoni pachaka kutetezera mafuta padziko lonse, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina. Zochuluka za ndalamazo ziyenera kupita ku kuthetsa kudalira mafuta oyaka. Ngati mwayi wopeza mafuta ukhala wosadalirika, zitha kukhala zolimbikitsa kwambiri kwa ogwirizana ndi US kuti afulumizitse kusintha kwawo kukhala mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso.
Utsogoleri Wofufuza Chiphunzitso
Ziphunzitso za Purezidenti zakhala zikupereka njira zosiyanasiyana zosungira mphamvu za US padziko lonse lapansi. Chiphunzitso cha Nixon chinali choteteza ogwirizana. Carter analumbira kuteteza zofuna za dziko la US ku Persian Gulf. Reagan adalonjeza kuti abwereranso ku Soviet Union padziko lonse lapansi. George W. Bush anatsindika za kusagwirizana pakati pa asilikali a US. Trump adapitilizabe "kupanga America kukhala wamkulunso."
A Joe Biden ali ndi mwayi wotengera chiphunzitso chamtundu wina. Ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino zomwe zili m'malamulo ake akuluakulu, kuti kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe kudzakhala kuyesa kwakukulu kwa mfundo zakunja zaku America. Izi zikachitika, ikhala nthawi yoyamba kuti chiphunzitso cha Purezidenti chimayang'ana zabwino zapadziko lapansi osati zabwino za United States zokha.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti anthu ambiri okoka phazi ku Congress, mafakitale, ndi atolankhani akungodikirira kuti a Biden akhale ndi "sweti" yake, mtundu wosinthidwa wa adilesi ya kanema wawayilesi pomwe Jimmy Carter adayesetsa kukweza vuto lamphamvu pagulu. chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 kukambitsirana kokulirapo pazakhalidwe komanso kufooka. Adzafuna kujambula a Biden ngati mdani wobiriwira wa owuma, wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanda nzeru, waku America-laster. Chifukwa chake, mwina ndibwino kuti a Biden apewe zonena zazikulu zachiphunzitso pakadali pano ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kujambula mfundo zakunja zaku US zobiriwira, nkhani ndi nkhani.
Tsogolo la United States silinakhalepo lolumikizidwa - mwachilengedwe, zachilengedwe, zachuma, komanso kukhalapo - ndi tsogolo la dziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, sipanakhalepo nthawi yabwino kuti Purezidenti waku America asamangoyang'ana dziko lapansi mosiyana koma kuti agwirizane ndi mayiko ena kuti likhale lobiriwira.
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