Malo ake apakona anali osagonja. Koma malo odyera a Brave New World adakumana ndi mpikisano wotsetsereka pamayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri ku Warsaw: malo ophika buledi aku France otsika mtengo, malo odyera odziwika bwino a sushi ndi Cafรฉ Blickle yotchuka, yomwe idayamba kutumikira khofi ndi makeke kalekale nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanachitike. , chakudya cha ku Dziko Latsopano Lolimba Mtima, ngakhale kuti chinali chotchipa, sichinali chodyera kwenikweni.
Makasitomala masauzande ambiri omwe adakhamukira ku cafe atatsegulidwa mu 2009 adachita izi pazifukwa zina: zokambirana ndi zochitika zoyambirira. Malo abwino kwambiri a cafe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu anali maginito aluntha. Ndipo ubongo womwe uli kumbuyo kwa dziko la Poland lofanana ndi Les Deux Magots sanali amalonda otsogola kapena ochokera kunja. M'malo mwake, eni akewo anali odzipereka mopanda manyazi ku chiphunzitso chotsutsa ndi ndale za kumanzere, zonse zitakulungidwa mu nthabwala zachipongwe. Dzina la dystopian la cafe, lomwe limatsutsa "Edeni" lachikomyunizimu la Poland, linalinso sewero pamalo ake pa New World Street.
Kuphatikizika kotere kwa caffeine, kudzudzula ndi kuseketsa kochenjera kumatha kukopa makamu ku East Village kapena kumanzere kwa Banki. Koma iyi inali Poland, komwe mkuluyo adachokapo anali ndi ziwonetsero zosachepera ziwiri zotsutsana nazo: mgwirizano ndi Chikomyunizimu chaka cha 1989 chisanafike, komanso kukumbatirana ndi chikapitalazimu champhamvu m'zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.
Eni ake a cafe, gulu la omenyera ufulu wanzeru omwe amadzitcha okhaKrytyka Polityczna (Political Critique) kuyimira mbadwo watsopano wakumanzere ku Poland. Krytyka sakhudzidwa ndi kugwirizana kulikonse ndi Stalinism ndipo alibe chidwi chopanga chipani cha ndale kuti atsutsane ndi chipani cha post-Communist. Kumanzere kwatsopano ku Poland kuli ndi zokhumba zazikulu. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha magazini yake yodziwika bwino mu 2002 mpaka ku mgwirizano wake pa zopereka zotsutsana za Poland mu 2011 Venice Biennale, Krytyka mwanjira ina adapanga kumanzere kwachikoka ku Poland. Yalimbikitsanso omenyera ufulu m'madera ena m'derali kuti achitepo kanthu.
Nthawi yodziyimira yokha yafika ku East-Central Europe. Ovota apandukira njira zotsatizanatsatizana posankha utsogoleri wa demokalase m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia ndi Slovenia. Chaka chatha, ophunzira, osamalira zachilengedwe, ndi ena omenyera ufulu wa anthu adasunga dziko la Bulgaria m'malo ochita ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi ziphuphu zandale ndi zachuma. Omwe akuyenda m'derali akhala akusonkhana chaka chilichonse kuyambira 2008 pa Chikondwerero cha Subversive ku Croatia kuti akambirane za kutsitsimula kwa gulu lamanzere lokhazikika.
Tsoka ilo, kukhumudwitsidwa komweko ndi chuma cha neoliberal ndi ziphuphu zandale zomwe zapangitsa kuti Krytyka ndi azibale ake am'deralo adziwike kwawonjezeranso ufulu wambiri. Zipani za mbali yakumanja monga Jobbik ku Hungary ndi Ataka ku Bulgaria zalowa m'manyumba a malamulo ndi zachuma zawo zodana ndi osankhika komanso tsankho. Ma Skinheads ndi olangidwa ankhondo alimbana ndi Aromani, mafuko aku Turkey ndi ena ang'onoang'ono. Kum'maลตa pang'ono, Svoboda ndi Right Sector adatumikira monga asilikali odabwitsa pa zionetsero za Euromaidan ku Ukraine.
Pamene zigawenga zadziko zikuchulukirachulukira ku East-Central Europe, kodi uthenga wa chiyembekezo wa Krytyka munthawi zovuta ungabe mabingu kumanja ndikukopa mamiliyoni aku Europe omwe ali amasiye chifukwa cha zovuta zachuma?
Otsutsa sakudziwa kuti Krytyka ndi zomwe aliyense wakhala akuyembekezera. Iwo amanena kuti gululo linaphonya mwayi wake womasulira kuwonekera kwake kukhala chikoka chenicheni cha ndale. Malo odyera a Brave New World adatsekedwa mu 2012 - chifukwa cha chigamulo chomwe akuluakulu aboma adadandaula nacho - ndipo makalabu ena ang'onoang'ono kuzungulira Poland asintha. Ndipo mnyamatayo yemwe dzina lake limagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbiri yochepa ya Krytyka salinso pakatikati pa moyo wa bungwe.
Ngakhale aluntha omwe amakayikira chiphunzitso cha Munthu Wamkulu wa mbiri yakale amavomereza ntchito yoposa yomwe anayambitsa Krytyka, Slawomir Sierakowski. M'zaka khumi, Sierakowski adalumphira kutchuka monga waluntha, wotsutsa komanso wodziwika bwino pagulu. Ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi zina, akadali mnyamata ali ndi tsitsi lalifupi la blond ndi magalasi: Harry Potter wa ku Poland yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chotsutsa pamatsenga ake.
Ndipo Sierakowski akuumirira kuti matsenga akadalipo. Krytyka, akutsutsa, akupitirizabe kuchoka ku mphamvu kupita ku mphamvu ndipo sanakhalepo wofunikira kwambiri. Mu 2012, mwachitsanzo, bungweli linatsegula Institute for Advanced Studies mu ofesi yake yatsopano yomwe ili kutali ndi cafe yotsekedwa. Ikupitilirabe kuwongolera zochitika zanzeru ku Poland ndi zofalitsa zambiri komanso kulinganiza kwake ku Ukraine ndi kuzungulira.
"Nyengo yagolide sinafa," akutero Sierakowski. โNyengo ya golidi yayandikira.โ
The Left's Rollercoaster Ride
Maboma achikomyunizimu a Kumโmawa kwa Yuropu atagwa mโchaka cha 1989, mkulu wa bomayo anasiya kadamsana, ku Poland. Atapatsidwa mwayi wovota pazisankho zaulere mu June 1989, a Poles adasankha ofuna kukhala nawo pa Solidarity pafupifupi popanda kuchotserapo. M'dera lonselo, zipani za Chikomyunizimu zinayesa kusintha zinthu. Ku Poland, chipani chatsopano cha Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) chidapereka nthawi yake.
Pakadali pano, kusintha kwachuma kwa boma mothandizidwa ndi Solidarity kukhudza kwambiri anthu aku Poland m'zaka za m'ma 1990, makamaka alimi ndi ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe adapanga maziko a chithandizo cha Solidarity. A Jacek Zakowski anali akugwira ntchito panthawiyo ngati mneneri wa gulu lanyumba yamalamulo logwirizana ndi Solidarity. โMunthu anayenera kukhala wopusa kwambiri kukhulupirira kuti anthu anganene kuti, 'Izi nzodabwitsa! Tinataya ndalama zathu. Ndife osauka kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa mmene tinalili musanalowe ufumu. Timakukondani!' โ anandiuza. โAyi, anayenera kutida. Ndipo tinayenera kulipira mtengo uwu. Kusinthaku kuyenera kudya ana ake, ndipo izi ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Odziyimira pawokha omwe adatsalira panthawiyi ndi zomwe Sierakowski amachitcha "plankton," msuzi wowonda wa "magulu atatu." Chipani chokhazikitsidwanso cha Polish Socialist Party (PPS) chinalephera kukonzanso chikhalidwe cha sosholizimu m'njira yokomera anthu ovota. Katswiri wazachuma kumanzere Ryszard Bugaj adakhazikitsa chipani cha Labor Party chomwe chidazimiririka. Gulu lalikulu lotchedwa Samoobrona (Kudziteteza) lidatengera kusakhutira kumidzi, koma pambuyo pakuwonetsa mwamphamvu pazisankho za 2001, idasokonekera.
โTikanakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zaumisiriโndalama, nyumba, anthuโtikanapempha anthu onse amene, chaka ndi chaka mโma 1990, anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi zimene zinali kuchitika ku Poland, amene anataya thanzi lawo, ndalama zawo. , zochita zawo panthaลตi ya kusintha,โ akutero Zuzanna Dabrowska, wolinganiza zinthu mโzaka za mโma 1990 ndi gulu la Democratic Revolution la PPS. "Koma kuti mupeze anthu awa ndi kuwagwirizanitsa, munayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu za bungwe."
Omwe kale anali Achikomyunizimu a SLD anali mphamvu yokhayo yokhala ndi mphamvu ya bungwe. "Ali ndi zothandizira," akufotokoza motero Zakowski. "Ali ndi anthu. Ali ndi nyenyezi zandale monga Aleksander Kwasniewski ndi Leszek Miller. Amathandizidwa ndi ndalama za boma, zomwe zimaperekedwa ku zipani zandale zanyumba yamalamulo. Chifukwa chake amapambana mosavuta pazatsopano zilizonse. Ndipo, ndithudi, ali ndi chidziwitso. "
Mavuto azachuma ku Poland adalimbikitsa SLD kulamulira. Makamaka mu nthawi yake yachiwiri, pansi pa Purezidenti Kwasniewski ndi Prime Minister Miller kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2004, SLD inkalamulira ngati neoconservatives. Idathandizira zachuma, nkhondo zaku US ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq, komanso tsamba lachinsinsi la CIA pa nthaka yaku Poland. Linatsogoleranso dziko la Poland kulowa mโbungwe la European Union, koma litangopeza chichirikizo cha Tchalitchi cha Katolika pobwezera kusunga malamulo a dzikolo oletsa kuchotsa mimba.
Unali mkangano wokhudza kulowa m'malo mwa EU womwe unabweretsa Krytyka Polityczna kutchuka. Idadziwika bwino osati chifukwa chomenyera, monga momwe Solidarity idachitira mu 1980, koma ndi zida za intelligentsia.
Letter
Slawomir Sierakowski atangotsala pang'ono kukwanitsa zaka 20, anasindikiza nkhani m'nyuzipepala yotchuka kwambiri ku Poland. Wolembaborgetza. โInali nkhani yachibwana, nkhani ya achichepere yonena za mmene tinali osakondwa ndi zimene zinali kuchitika ku Poland,โ iye akuvomereza motero. "Palibe chomwe ndingasaine lero." Wotsutsa wakale wakale komanso katswiri wazachikhalidwe Kinga Dunin, iyenso aGazetiwolemba nkhani, adatenga Sierakowski wachichepere kuti asindikize. Kuchokera pakudzudzula uku, mkazi wamkulu ndi mnyamatayo adapanga ubale wapamtima wogwira ntchito.
"Krytyka Polityczna, kumanzere, lingaliro lakuti muyenera kugwirizanitsa chikhalidwe chotsalira ndi chuma chotsalira komanso kuti neoliberalism si keke yatsopano kwambiri mu bakery yathu yadziko-yomwe inachokera ku kusanthula kwachikazi kwa Kinga," pulofesa wa maphunziro a ku America ndi wothandizira Krytyka. Agnieszka Graff limati.
Mu 2002, Krytyka adapanga chizindikiro chake m'magulu aluntha kudzera m'mabuku amtundu uliwonse. Koma chifukwa chachinyengo chawo chotsatira, awiriwa a Sierakowski ndi Dunin, yin ndi yang a ku Poland watsopano adatsalira, adayesa zosiyana pang'ono. Kuyitanira kwawo ku zida, monga kalata yotseguka ya 2003, idapangitsa Krytyka Polityczna osati kutchuka kwapakhomo komanso kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kalata yawo, yomwe pamapeto pake idakopa anthu anzeru 250 apamwamba a ku Poland, inakhudzanso nkhani yomwe inali yovuta kwambiri tsikulo: umembala mu European Union. Idathandizira umembala koma idalimbikitsa EU kuti ipite patsogolo. Itatha kufalitsidwa m'manyuzipepala akuluakulu a ku Ulaya, maganizo a anthu a ku Poland anayamba kusintha mogwirizana ndi mfundo za kalatayo.
Sierakowski anati: โLinali phunziro lofunika kwambiri kwa ife. "Mutha kulowa ndale zazikulu ndi lingaliro labwino, pensulo ndi pepala."
Krytyka adayamba kukopa m'badwo wa omenyera ufulu wachinyamata omwe adabadwa pambuyo pa nthawi ya Solidarity ndipo amakumbukira mozama nthawi ya kusintha kwa ma 1990s. Panali chikondi kwa Krytyka, kusakanikirana kwa ndale ndi ndakatulo kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX komwe kunalibe kwambiri m'moyo watsopano wa msika wa Poland. Pogwirizana ndi zokambirana za ndege zapamwamba komanso zolimbikitsana, Krytyka adalimbikitsa anthu okonda ndale, akatswiri a maphunziro apamwamba komanso "gawo lachitatu" la ogwira ntchito za NGO. Awiri oyambirira anayatsa zozimitsa aluntha; omalizawo anamanga bungwe.
"Ndife gulu la akatswiri komanso odziwa zambiri," akutero Sierakowski monyadira. โAnthu ambiri amatida chifukwa timapambana nthawi zonse. Ndi chifukwa cha akazi a gawo lachitatu. " Zoonadi, Krytyka ndi yodabwitsa chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha akazi ogwira nawo ntchito komanso chifukwa chakuchitapo kanthu pa nkhani za jenda.
Krytyka yakhazikitsa bwino mabizinesi atsopano pamlingo wa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Yakhazikitsa maziko pa intaneti ndi Opinion Daily. Gulu lake losindikiza limatulutsa mabuku ambiri pachaka, kuphatikiza kumasulira kwa mitu ngatiChavuta ndi chiyani ku Kansas?ndi ntchito zosamveka za Zizeki ndi Agamben. Yakhazikitsa makalabu ku Poland, ma satelayiti ku Ukraine ndi Russia, komanso malo ozungulira ku Berlin ndi London. Ziwerengero zazikulu monga wojambula mafilimu Agnieszka Holland awononga mbiri ya bungwe pofalitsa ndi Krytyka ndikugwira ntchito pa gulu lake la alangizi.
Kupambana kwa Krytyka mwanjira ina kumamangiriridwa ku zophophonya za Poland. Zowona, chuma cha ku Poland chidayambanso bwino kuchokera kugwa pafupi ndi zaka za m'ma 1990 kuti afotokoze za "Green Island" kukula m'katikati mwa kontinenti yofiira. Koma achinyamata, omwe ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza kwa Krytyka zachuma ndi chikhalidwe anasiya mauthenga, sanapindule ndi kukula uku. Ulova ukadali waukulu pakati pa achinyamataโpa a 25 peresenti. Ngakhale omwe ali ndi ntchito ayenera kuthana ndi "mapangano a zinyalala" osakhalitsa omwe amakhala ndi zopindulitsa zochepa ngati zilipo.
"Anthu amasamuka, kuti akapeze ntchito kapena, ngati ali ndi zolinga zazikulu, kuti adziphunzitse okha," adatero Krytyka Michal Sutowski wogwira ntchito. โAnthu opitirira 1.5 miliyoni anasamuka ku Polandโ kuyambira pamene EU inalowa mโmalo mwa EU mu 2004, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu amene anasamuka pa nthawi yamtendere mโmbiri yamakono ya dziko la Poland.
Krytyka adapereka china chatsopano: mtsogoleri wachinyamata yemwe atha kusonkhanitsa m'badwo wake. "Mmene anawo ankagwirira ntchito, maola khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi patsiku popanda malipiro, zinali zokhudzana ndi chikoka chake," Graff akufotokoza. "Kupeza mawu otamanda Slawek kunali koyenera kugwa."
โPopanda kutsimikiza mtima kwake,โ akuwonjezera motero katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu yemwenso ndi mnzake wa Krytyka Maciej Gdula, โtikanakhala ndi njira zingโonozingโono zambiri, koma sitikanakhala ndi anthu osonkhana kuti achitepo kanthu.โ Popanda Sierakowski, mwa kuyankhula kwina, Chipolishi chodziyimira pawokha chotsalira sichingakhale choposa plankton.
Ndipo Europe Adzadabwa
Slawomir Sierakowski waima yekha mโbwalo lamasewera lopanda kanthu akulankhula za Ayuda. Mu trilogy ya filimu Ndipo Europe Adzadabwa, Sierakowski amasewera mtsogoleri wa gulu lobweretsa Ayuda ku Poland. Motsogozedwa ndi wojambula waku Israeli Yael Bartana, makanemawa anali ovomerezeka ku Poland ku Venice Biennale ya 2011 ndipo kenako adawadzaza m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Mafilimu amathanso kuwerengedwa ngati fanizo la Krytyka Polityczna. Kuyitanitsa chitsitsimutso cha gulu lachiyuda ku Poland mu bwalo lopanda kanthu - mufilimu yoyamba ya trilogy - kungawoneke ngati kodabwitsa ngati kumanganso Kumanzere kodziyimira pawokha. Mugawo lachiwiri, achinyamata amvera kuyitanidwa kwa mtsogoleri wa gululi ndikuyamba kumanga kibbutz ku Warsaw, ndikupumira moyo watsopano mdera lomwe latsala pang'ono kutha. Mโchigawo chomaliza, iwo anapita kumaliro a mtsogoleriyo, ataphedwa ndi wachiwembu wosadziwika. M'moyo weniweni, Sierakowski ali moyo ndipo ali bwino komanso akulemba nthawi zina mizati The New York Times. Koma ulendo wake waposachedwa kunja kwa Poland, kuphatikiza chiyanjano ku Harvard chaka chatha cha maphunziro, zikuyimira kutha.
Kwa ena, kufika kwa Krytyka kumaposa mphamvu zake. Mtolankhani Konstanty Gebert anati: โZinayamba bwino kwambiri. โPalibe amene ankayembekezera kuti nโzotheka. Makalabu a Krytyka Polityczna anali akuchulukirachulukira. Iwalani Warsaw - ku Warsaw kumanzere ndikokongola komanso kowoneka bwino. Makalabu anali kuwonekera mu boondocks ngati Konin. Kuyenda kwa mapiko akumanzere kukanakonda makalabu amenewo. Akadatumiza okonzekera bwino kumeneko kukathandizira magulu awa, kuwasamalira, kuwadyetsa, kwa zaka ngati pakufunika kutero. Koma ayi, Krytyka Polityczna ankafuna kukonza mwamsanga. Zinali zokonda kugulitsa makope ambiri a magazini awo Krytyka. Ndipo zibonga zija zinasowa. Zimandisokoneza mtima.โ
Kwa ena, kulephera kwa Krytyka kupanga chipani cha ndale kuti apindule pakuwonekera kwake kunali kumenyana kwakukulu. "Ndi anyamata abwino," akutero Zuzanna Dabrowska. "Koma ndikuganiza kuti amavutika ndi vuto lomwelo la East Coast ku States. Amapangidwa mozungulira zokambirana zawo. Nโzoona kuti nโkofunika kwambiri kukambirana ndi kudziwa zoyenera kuganiza komanso kukhala ndi maganizo amphamvu. Koma ngati simuchita zoposa pamenepo, ndi vuto, makamaka kumanzere. "
Sierakowski amatsutsa zokamba za zipani zandale. Iye akutsatira china chake chosintha. Iye anati: โSindingachite zimenezo mโzandale za zipani. โZingakhale mikangano yopusa basi. Mutha kunena kuti: mutha kukhala wowona mtima, wokulirapo. Koma ayi, ndikadachita zimenezo, nditaya! Ikani Vaclav Havel pachisankho lero ndipo aluza. "
Ndipo Krytyka sikuti ndi shopu yolankhula, akuumirira. Iye anati: โTasintha zinthu zambiri ku Poland. โMwachitsanzo, tinasintha malamulo okhudza mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Tinali ndi lamulo losasunga malamulo ku Poland limene linkaika anthu mโndende ngati atapezekapo chilichonse. Kudali kuphwanya malamulo kwa achinyamata. Kenako, atatulutsidwa mโndende, anali achifwamba enieni. Tsopano lamulo ndi losiyana. Kodi pali chipani chilichonse chandale chomwe chinasintha izi? Ayi! Unali mgwirizano wa ma NGO omwe adasintha izi. "
Komanso, kusintha nkhani ku Poland si nkhani yaingโono. "Sizopenganso kunena kuti ndinu munthu wakumanzere kuno ku Poland, kapena kuti mukutsutsana ndi nkhondo, kapena kuti simukuwona kuti dziko lanu ndi lachilengedwe, kapena kuti ndinu wamisonkho komanso wotsutsana," Maciej. Gdula amatsutsa. "Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha m'kalasi mopitilira muyeso ndipo osawonedwa ngati munthu wakale. Tidayambitsadi zilankhulo zotsutsa komanso malingaliro akumanzere pamakangano apagulu. โ
Wasiyidwanso?
Kum'maลตa kwa Yuropu nthawi ina kunali mwana wamtundu wina waufulu womwe unaphatikiza laissez-faire capitalism ndi demokalase yanyumba yamalamulo. Okonzanso omwe adatenga udindo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 adabwereza mawu otchuka a Margaret Thatcher akuti mayiko awo alibe njira ina. Ngakhale zipani zakale za Chikomyunizimu zomwe zidatenga udindo pomwe thandizo la okonzansowo lidatsitsa ndondomeko zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa m'buku lomwelo.
Zotsatira zake, ndizovuta kupeza othandizira okonda zaufulu masiku ano m'derali. Ena mwa okonzanso oyambilira asamukira kumanja kwakutali, monga Volen Siderov wa chipani cha Bulgaria cha Ataka, pomwe omasuka ambiri asamukira kumanzere, kuwonetsa chikoka cha Occupy ndi mayendedwe ena.
Robert Braun adayang'ana kwambiri za ufulu wa anthu m'ma 1980, pamene adathandizira kupeza bungwe la Hungary la Raoul Wallenberg Association. Adathamangira ku nyumba yamalamulo pazisankho za Epulo 6 - ndipo pamapeto pake adataya - panjira ina: chilungamo cha anthu. โZaka 1 zapitazo, ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe zinali zofunika. Koma tsopano, ndi ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wa anthu,โ iye akutero. โPa 99 peresenti imene yafika ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo ineyo, tikukhala moyo wa anthu ambiri a ku Ulayaโmagalimoto omwewo, moyo womwewoโkoma moyo umenewo tikukhala pa mapewa a XNUMX peresenti.โ
Ndale za kusagwirizana zalimbikitsa anthu ogwira ntchito za NGO m'derali kuti agwire ntchito ndi anthu omwe akukhala moyo wosatetezeka: othawa kwawo, osowa pokhala, osagwira ntchito. Mbadwo watsopano wa aluntha achinyamata wapanga magulu monga Student Network ku Hungary, CriticAtac ku Romania, ndi New Left Perspectives ku Bulgaria. Zipani zatsopano zotsamira kumanzere, monga LMP ku Hungary (Ndale Zitha Kukhala Zosiyana) ndi Initiative for Democratic Socialism ku Slovenia, zalonjeza mtundu watsopano wandale, ngakhale zitakhala kuti zigonjetsedwe ndi zizolowezi zodziwika bwino komanso zodziwika bwino. kulimbana.
Kuchokera mu kusakaniza uku kwa khama kwatuluka Kumanzere Kwatsopano. "Timagwiritsa ntchito liwuli kuyesa kutulutsa malo pakati pa kumanzere kwakale - chomwe timachitcha chikomyunizimu chokhwima chomwe chili kumanzere, chomwe sichikutsutsa za sosholizimu m'njira yosunga dziko," womenyera ufulu waku Bulgaria Georgi Medarov akutero, "ndi chipani cha Social Democratic ku Bulgaria. zomwe zinakhala zausilikali komanso zosasintha nthawi yomweyo. "
Pafupifupi gulu lililonse lotsamira kumanzere la ndale mderali layendanso pakati pa Chikomyunizimu ndi neoliberalism. Koma ku Poland kokha kumene New Left idafika bwino kuposa maphunziro ndikukonzekera m'mphepete popanda kuyesedwa mu (mpaka pano) kumapeto kwa ndale zachipani. Kuphatikiza apo, Krytyka Polityczna adapulumuka ngati kutengerapo zikhalidwe zina ndipo adachita bwino ngakhale woyambitsa wake wachikoka atasiya mwayi wina.
Koma mwina gwero lenileni la kupambana kwake ndiloti, m'dera lomwe panopa likungoyang'ana zoopsa zamalonda, Krytyka Polityczna yapanga chizindikiro chake potenga zoopsa zandale ndi zanzeru.
Sierakowski ananena kuti: โKuchita zinthu kokha kumabweretsa mgwirizano,โ akutero Sierakowski, ngati kuti alinso mโbwalo lalikulu lamasewera akulimbikitsa otsatira ake kuti ayese zosatheka. Ngati inu ndi ine tigwirizana kuti tichite zinazake, mโkupita kwa nthaลตi tidzakhulupirirana kwambiri kotero kuti tidzaika pangozi chinachake pamodzi.โ
Ndi uthenga womwe uli ndi chidwi kwambiri m'dziko lomwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri adayika moyo wawo pachiswe zaka zambiri zapitazo kuti apange gulu lalikulu lotchedwa Solidarity.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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