Gwero: The Nation
Sikuti nthawi zambiri dziko limasankha tsogolo lake pachisankho chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri. Ine ndikuganiza, ndithudi, za United States. Koma inenso ndikuganiza za referendum ku Chile, kumene, Lamlungu lapitali, anthu a mโdzikolo anagamula mopambanitsaโ78.27 peresenti ya amene anavotaโkuti adzipatse okha Lamulo Ladziko Latsopano ndi kulongosolanso mozama mmene anafunira kulamuliridwa.
Ngakhale kuti kusintha kwa chikalata chokhazikitsidwa sikuli pakuvota ku United States, tiyenera, kuno ku America, kulabadira zomwe zangochitika kumene kudziko lakutali lija kumapeto kwa dziko. Polimbikitsidwa ndi kusonkhezeredwa ndi kuona anthu wamba akukakamiza olamulira angโonoangโono kuvomereza, mosasamala kanthu za zopinga zilizonse, kufunika kwa masinthidwe okhwima, tingachite bwino kuphunzira maphunziro ofunika kwambiri kuchokera ku zimene zinachitikira ku Chile.
Kupambana kwa Lamlungu ku Chile sikunabwere mosavuta kapena mofulumira.
Lamulo lomwe anthu aku Chile angovota kuti alowe m'malo linakhazikitsidwa ndi a General Augusto Pinochet mu chigamulo chachinyengo mu 1980, patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera pamene chiwembu choopsa chinagonjetsa pulezidenti wosankhidwa ndi demokalase, Salvador Allende. Pinochet ndi Basic Law-monga momwe amatchulidwira ndi omwe adalemba - adakhazikitsa njira yosinthira demokalase yoletsedwa, popeza payenera kukhala chigamulo china mu 1988 chofunsa nzika ngati akufuna kuti General akhalebe paudindo kwa ena asanu ndi atatu (XNUMX). zongowonjezwdwa kosatha) zaka. Kunena zoona, Constitution imeneyo inatsimikizira kuti, mosasamala kanthu za amene anali kuyangโanira dzikoli, sipakanakhala kuthekera kokayikitsa za dongosolo lopondereza limene wolamulira wankhanza ndi ogwirizana naye anamanga, makamaka chitsanzo chachuma cha neoliberal chodyera masuku pamutu chimene chinaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito. ndi ziwawa zomwe sizinachitikepo.
Ndipo, kwenikweni, pamene Pinochet adataya chivomerezo cha 1988 ndipo adakakamizika kusiya ntchito ngati purezidenti (kusungabe utsogoleri wankhondo, inde), Magna Carta omwe adawasiya adakhala ngati straitjacket yomwe, kwa zaka 30 zotsatira, idatseka zonse. kuyesetsa kwakukulu kuti pakhale dziko lachilungamo komanso lofanana. Mgwirizano wapakati kumanzere womwe walamulira Chile kwa nthawi yayitali udatha kukambirana zosintha zingapo pa Constitution ya Pinochet ya fascist - ndipo, makamaka, kuchotsa gawo lalikulu la anthu osauka mdzikolo muumphawi - koma palibe chilichonse mwazosintha zomwe zidasinthidwa. kuthekera kwa owerengeka a mapiko oyenerera kuti asokoneze kuyesa kulikonse kosintha momwe chuma ndi mphamvu zidagawidwira. Ndipo zinkaganiziridwa kuti anthu amene anavulazidwa chifukwa cha kuzunzidwa, kuphedwa, kuzimiririka, kuthamangitsidwa mโdzikolo, kukanidwa ndi kuzunzidwa kosalekeza sangayerekeze kupandukira mkhalidwe wachisembwere wotero.
Ndipo umu ndi momwe zinthu zikanakhalira lero ngati kuwukira kodabwitsa sikunaphulike pakati pa Okutobala chaka chatha. Poyambilira ndi magulu a ophunzira omwe adalumpha masitima apansi panthaka kutsutsa kukwera pang'ono kwamitengo, posakhalitsa kudakula kukhala zipolowe zapadziko lonse lapansi za anthu mamiliyoni aku Chile omwe adawopseza kugwetsa boma la Purezidenti Sebastiรกn Piรฑera losamala komanso losatchuka. Ngakhale kuti zofunidwazo zinali zokulirapoโza malipiro abwinoko, chisamaliro chaumoyo, maphunziro, nyumba, kuteteza chilengedwe, madzi aukhondo; za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe, LGBTQ ndi ufulu wa amayi; kuti asinthe mapulani omvetsa chisoni a penshoni ndi nkhanza zosaneneka zimene apolisi ankagwiraโnkhani imodzi imene inagwirizanitsa onse amene analowa mโmisewu inali ya kufunikira kwachangu kuchotsa Constitution ya Pinochet komanso kulimbana kwake ndi anthu aku Chile.
Pochita mantha ndi zomwe chipwirikiti choterechi chingadzetse, atsogoleri a mapiko amanja omwe mpaka pano adakaniratu zosintha zilizonse zomwe zidalipo adaganiza zothetsa vutoli ndikuletsa kusintha kwakukulu povomera kupanga referendum momwe ovota angachitire. kusankha ngati akufuna Constitution yatsopano, kusankha Apruebo (chivomerezo) kapena Rechazo (kukana).
Ambiri mwa a Pinochetistas olimbawo amakhulupirira kuti adzatha, pakapita nthawi, kusokoneza referendum. Iwo adanenetsa kuti Congress yomwe ilipo tsopano ndiyotheka, mopanda khama komanso mtengo wocheperako, kukhazikitsa zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zikufunika. Adagwiritsa ntchito mliriwu kunena kuti ndizowopsa kuchita zisankho m'mikhalidwe yotere (ngakhale analibe malingaliro oti atsegule masitolo!). Ndipo njira yochedwetsayo italephera, adayambitsa zigawenga zolimbana ndi "socialism," kuchenjeza kuti omwe akufuna Magna Carta watsopano anali ochita monyanyira ofuna kusandutsa Chile kukhala Venezuela.
Anthu anawakana. Othandizira mapiko akumanja a Rechazo apeza mavoti ochepa 21.73 peresenti. Ndizowona kuti ziwerengero zazikulu zingapo kumanja, pozindikira komwe mphepo ikuwomba, zidatuluka kuti zigwirizane ndi Constitution yatsopano, koma chigamulocho sichingalephereke. Nthawi ya Pinochet yatha.
Monga mbadwa ya ku Chile, ndinali ndikukonzekera ulendo wa pandege kupita ku Santiago ndi mkazi wanga kuti ndikatenge nawo mbali pamwambo wodziwika bwinowu, koma sitinathe kutero chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zidabwera ndi Covid-19. Ndikanakonda kuona kubadwanso kwa dziko lomwe linkawoneka ngati lafa pamene chipwirikiticho chinawononga demokalase yathu zaka makumi ambiri zapitazo. Ndinali ndi zaka 28 pamene Salvador Allende anakhala pulezidenti komanso wokonda kwambiri moti, patapita zaka zitatu, pamene anagwetsedwa, ndinali kugwira ntchito ku La Moneda, nyumba imene anafera, ndipo ndinapulumutsidwa ku tsogolo lake ndi unyolo. za zochitika zosaneneka. Pamodzi ndi ambiri amene ankakhulupirira maloto Allende a Chile womasulidwa, Ine ndakhala mbali yaikulu ya moyo wanga kuyambira pamenepo ndikuyembekeza kamphindi pamene maloto ake aja anagwirizana ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo. Izo zachitika tsopano. Njira yopita ku chilungamo yatsegulidwa ndipo, pakati pa 2022, anthu aku Chile adzalamulidwa ndi Constitution yomwe ili ndi zofuna ndi zosowa za anthu ambiri.
Ngati sindinathe kupita ku Chile kukakondwerera kupambana kwa kukumbukira ndi kulimba mtima kumeneku pakukhala chete ndi imfa, ndakhudzidwa kwambiri, pamene ndimakondwerera chiwombolo ichi kuchokera kutali, ndi kufunikira kwake ku United States, dziko limene inenso ndiri nzika.
Zoonadi, pamodzi ndi abale ndi alongo anzanga, ndikuvota motsatira malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino amene amaletsa kwambiri zofuna za anthu. Ndizosautsa kuti tiyenera kusankha pulezidenti wathu wotsatira kudzera mu dongosolo lolakwika kwambiri komanso lachikale, ndi Electoral College yomwe sichisonyeza zomwe ambiri amakonda. Ndipo ndizopanda manyazi kuti tili ndi Senate yopanda demokalase, pomwe mayiko ang'onoang'ono ngati Rhode Island kapena Wyoming amalemera kwambiri ngati California kapena Texas. Ili ndi bungwe lopanga zamalamulo lomwe liri ndi udindo wovomereza oweruza a Khothi Lalikulu, omwe alanda anthu ambiri komanso kulola mabungwe kuti asokoneze zotsatira zazisankho ndi ndalama zosawerengeka. Ndi Constitution, monga Alex Keyssar wawonetsera m'buku lake lodabwitsa, Chifukwa Chiyani Tikadali ndi Electoral College?, zomwe zaipitsidwa ndi kusagwirizana komwe Oyambitsa ndi eni akapolo akumwera ndipo akhalabe ngati linga la anthu ochepa, okonda azungu. Ndi Constitution yomwe sinathe kuyimitsa psychopathic, demagogue yoyipa ngati Trump kuti asawononge ofesi yayikulu ndikuwononga demokalase, miyambo yake, mabungwe ake, zoletsa zake zomwe zimati sizingasinthe. Lakhazikitsa dongosolo lochititsa manyazi limene phindu limakhala lofunika kwambiri kuposa anthu, kumene kusankhana ndi kusankhana mitundu kuli ponseponse, kumene olemera kwambiri angathe kudziunjikira chuma chochuluka kuposa dziko lonse pamodzi.
Zowonadi, pali zinthu zambiri zokongola zomwe zili mu Constitution iyi. Ochitetezera, kuphatikizapo ambiri amene amazindikira zopereลตera zake, amaloza ku njira zimene kaลตirikaลตiri chathandizira kukulitsa ufulu, kusunga bata, ndi kutsimikizira kutukuka, ndipo chotero amawona kukhala kotheka kugonjetsa kupereลตera koonekeratu kwa chikalata cha mโzaka za zana la 18 ndi masinthidwe owonjezereka. ndi njira zosiyanitsira, monga kuthetseratu Electoral College, kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pamachitidwe achilungamo, kuyika malamulo omwe amatsimikizira ufulu wovota, kupatsa dziko la Puerto Rico ndi kuyimilira kwa senatori ku Washington DC.
Kwa ine, ndikudabwa ngati vuto lomwe lilipo laulamuliro, lingaliro lakuti United States yagwera m'chisokonezo ndi misala, silingatsegule chitseko cha njira yowonjezereka. Kodi sikungakhale kwanzeru kuloลตerera mโnjira yonga imene Chile yangodutsa kumene, kumene anthu adzitengera okha kuyenera ndi thayo la kudziลตa mfundo zazikulu za dongosolo ndi malamulo amene amalamulira kukhalapo kwawo? Kodi sitiyenera kuyamba kulingalira za kuthekera koyitanitsa msonkhano wa Constitutional Convention ngati njira yothetsera kulephera kwa dziko lathu kukwaniritsa lonjezo lake la mgwirizano wangwiro? Chitani mavuto omwe amativutitsa, ofanana kwambiri ndi amene avutitsa abale ndi alongo athu a ku Chileโkusankhana mitundu, nkhanza za apolisi, masoka achilengedwe, kusiyana konyansa kwa ndalama zimene amapeza, kuwonjezereka kwa kugawanikana kwa anthuโosati kufuula kuti anthu achite zinthu monyanyira. kuganiziranso kuti ndife ndani? Kodi mliri wa Covid-19 sunawulule kuti sitinakonzekere zovuta zomwe zikubwera?
Zinganenedwe kuti zochitika zachuma, ndale, ndi mbiri yakale ku Chile ndi United States ndizosiyana kwambiri moti kuyerekezera kulikonse pakati pa awiriwa kuli kopanda phindu. Malamulo oyendetsera dziko la United States, chifukwa cha zofooka zake zonse, sanayambire chinyengo ngati chimene General Pinochet anachita. Ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti nzika zokwanira m'maboma 50 ndi osakhutira ndi gawo lawo kotero kuti angalole kuwunikanso zomwe aku Chile atsala pang'ono kuyamba. Sindikukayika, kwenikweni, kuti anthu ambiri aku America, akuwopa kusokonezeka, akuwopa kuti dziko lawo likhoza kugwa chifukwa cha magawano, angakonde kuti kusintha kwa malamulo awo ndi mabungwe awo kuchitidwe, ngati kuli kotheka, ndi oimira awo osankhidwa.
Umu ndi momwe anthu aku Chile adauzira kuti kusintha kudzachitika.
Chomwe adasankha, atatha zaka 30 akudikirira ndikuwonjezera kukhumudwa, chinali kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zodabwitsa monga anthu olimbikitsa kukakamiza kuchitapo kanthu. Zomwe amamvetsetsa ndikuti Constitution idakhudza gawo lililonse la moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe chonena pakulipanga. Njira yokhayo yomwe ikanatha kukhala chikalata chodziwika bwino, chakutali, chosayimira komanso chosalabadira zowawa zawo - njira yokhayo yomwe ingakhale ya iwo - inali kumenyera nkhondo, kuyika matupi awo pachiwopsezo komanso kuchititsidwa khungu ndi mapepala apolisi. , kuyika ntchito zawo pachiwopsezo ndi bata lawo kuti apange dongosolo lomwe angazindikire kuti ndi lawo komanso losaperekedwa kuchokera kumwamba. Chomwe chakhala chodabwitsa kwambiri m'chaka kuyambira pomwe anthu aku Chile osamvera adakakamiza kuti referendum ichitike - ndipo zomwe zidzakhale zodabwitsa kwambiri m'chaka ndi theka zikubwerazi - ndi phindu lalikulu la maphunziro la kukambirana ndi kuwerengera, kuyeza ndi kuyeza, zabwino ndi zoyipa. kuipa kwa mitundu yonse ya mafunso omwe nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa kwa gulu losankhidwa la akatswiri akutali. Njira yokhayo ya chisangalalo, kuwerengera pamodzi ndi zakale ikuyembekeza mtundu wa dziko lomwe likuganiziridwa, limasintha ndi kupanga bwino iwo omwe ali mbali ya kufufuza kwa anthu.
Ndi njira yomwe, ikangoyamba, imatha kukhala yosangalatsa komanso yomasula.
Ngakhale zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti anthu aku America asunthire mbali imeneyi-ndipo zionetsero za miyezi yapitayi komanso mwambo womenyera mtendere ndi chilungamo womwe wakhala ukugunda pamtima wa dziko la Martin Luther King Jr. ndikuyembekeza kuti zichitika posachedwa - pali uthenga umodzi wochokera ku Chile womwe uyenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi zonse.
Banja langa ku Santiago linanditumizira chithunzi cha mawu omwe mnyamata wina adalemba pachikwangwani chomwe amayendayenda mumzinda panjinga yake:
"Monga momwe mungakwaniritsire volviรณ porque salimos ndi exigirlo y el paรญs no se vino abajo."
Zosayembekezereka zidatheka chifukwa tidapita kukafuna ndipo dziko silinaphwanyike.
Kapena, monga momwe Salvador Allendeโali ndi moyo lerolino!โanatero, mphindi zochepa asanafe poteteza demokalase ndi ulemu: Tsogolo ndi lathu ndipo limapangidwa ndi anthu.
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