Manning Marable
It
zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu aku America akuda kuti anthu ambiri omaliza
ziwonetsero ku US m'zaka za zana la 20 zinali ziwonetsero padziko lonse lapansi
zachuma ndi malonda. Anthu opitilira XNUMX adabwera ku Seattle kudzatsutsa
ndondomeko za World Trade Organisation, zomwe kuyambira 1995 zakhala zikugwira ntchito
ngati gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi mumpikisano wokhala ndi makampani amphamvu komanso azachuma
zokonda. Omenyera ntchito adapita ku Seattle kukakakamiza WTO kuti ipange malonda
zilango kwa mayiko omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ana, kuletsa mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi izi
perekani malipiro a akapolo kwa antchito awo. Othandizira zachilengedwe adabwera ku Seattle ku
kukakamiza WTO kuti awonetsetse kuti chitetezo cha chilengedwe chikhala gawo lililonse padziko lonse lapansi
mapangano a malonda.
Chani
cholimbikitsa onse ogwira ntchito ndi okonda zachilengedwe ndikuzindikira ndale komwe
nkhani monga ufulu wa anthu, ntchito ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo sizingathetsedwe
payekhapayekha ngati nkhani zosiyana. Komanso sizingakambidwe bwino mu
nkhani ya dziko limodzi. Capital tsopano ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso iliyonse
kuwunika kwamavuto azachuma omwe angakhalepo m'dziko lathu kuyenera
kuwonedwa kuchokera kumayiko ena.
The
WTO idakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale likulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lolemba ndi kulimbikitsa malonda
malamulo. Pamene dziko lina la membala likutsutsa machitidwe a malonda a linzake, mikangano
amathetsedwa mwachinsinsi ndi magulu a akatswiri a zamalonda. Elaine Bernard, director of
Harvard's Trade Union Program, ikufotokoza kuti malamulo a WTO amachokera
privatization, malonda aulere ndi malamulo ochepa pa chilengedwe. Bernard akuti
Malamulo a WTO "amayamikira mphamvu zamabizinesi ndi zokonda zamalonda pazantchito
ndi ufulu wa anthu, zokhuza chilengedwe ndi thanzi, ndi zosiyanasiyana. Iwo
kuonjezera kusalingana ndi kufooketsa demokalase. Mtundu wa WTO wa kudalirana kwa mayiko si
kukwera kwa mafunde akukweza mabwato onse, monga amalonda aulere amalimbikira, koma mpikisano wowopsa
pansi."
Chani
mitundu ya "zowopsa" zomwe tikukamba? Taganizirani zimenezo
malamulo a WTO omwe amaletsa mayiko a Third World kukhala ndi ufulu wodzipangira okha
kupereka chilolezo pamankhwala ovomerezeka koma ofunikira kwambiri. Kotero mwachitsanzo, ngakhale
pamene maiko a mu Afirika omwe pakali pano asakazidwa ndi matenda monga AIDS amapeza
njira zasayansi ndiukadaulo zopangira mankhwala kuti apulumutse miyoyo ya mamiliyoni,
Chodetsa nkhaลตa choyamba cha WTO ndi chitetezo cha ma patent ndi phindu lamphamvu
makampani opanga mankhwala.
The
WTO imadzifotokozera ngati bungwe la "malonda", lomwe silingathe
kutsata zolinga za chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga kukulitsa ufulu wa ufulu wamagulu
kukambirana kwa Third World ndi antchito osauka. Choncho pamene ulamuliro waulamuliro
kugulitsa zovala ndi nsapato zamasewera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ntchito ya ana
zikhalidwe za sweatshop, WTO imati palibe chomwe ingachite.
The
ziwonetsero ku Seattle, komabe, zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu aku America kuli
pozindikira kuti nkhani zonsezi-Third World sweatshops, chiwonongeko cha
migwirizano, kunyonyotsoka kwa miyezo ya moyo, kuthetsedwa kwa mapologalamu a chikhalidwe cha anthu
mkati mwa US-ndizolumikizana kwenikweni. "Globalization" sichoncho
zina mwachidule, koma mphamvu yowononga ya chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zenizeni
pa momwe timakhalira, kugwira ntchito ndi kudya. Pali kugwirizana mwachindunji pakati pa
kuthetsa mamiliyoni a ntchito zomwe zingathandize mabanja kuno ku US, ndi
kutumiza ntchito kumayiko opanda migwirizano, chilengedwe ndi chitetezo
miyezo. Monga ntchito zenizeni zikutha kwa mamiliyoni ogwira ntchito ku US, komanso monga chithandizo chamankhwala
mapulogalamu achotsedwa, njira yokhayo ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ndende ngati mfumu
njira zoyendetsera ulova wa anthu ambiri. Kotero mu 1990s ku US, nyengo
za zomwe zimatchedwa kukulirakulira kwa capitalist, kuchuluka kwa akaidi
zipatala za federal, chigawo ndi m'deralo zikuchulukirachulukira. Pakati pa 1995
ndi 1997, malinga ndi National Jobs for All Coalition, ndalama zomwe amapeza
mwa 20 peresenti ya mabanja osauka kwambiri otsogozedwa ndi akazi anagwa. Mu 1998, mizinda 163
ndipo zigawo 670 zinali ndi ziwopsezo za ulova zomwe zidakwera kuposa 50 peresenti
kuposa avareji ya dziko. M'matumba akuya awa akusowa ntchito ndi njala siali
mwangozi: amaimira zotsatira zomveka zachuma za dziko lomwe
amamanga ndende zana zatsopano patsiku ndikuletsa kutumiza kunja
mamiliyoni a ntchito.
Black
Chifukwa chake anthu aku America ayenera kukhala patsogolo pazokambirana za
malonda apadziko lonse, koma tiyenera kutero pokumbukira mawu omenyera ufulu wa
zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi: "Ganizirani Padziko Lonse, Chitani Kumeneko." Pali chosathawika
kugwirizana pakati pa Seattle ndi Sing Sing Prison, pakati pa kusalingana kwapadziko lonse ndi
nkhanza za ntchito ya Third World ndi zomwe zikuchitika kwa wakuda, bulauni ndi
anthu ogwira ntchito kuno ku US Monga capitalism yapadziko lonse lapansi ikuwononga demokalase,
mabungwe ndi chilengedwe kunja, ikuchita zofanana ndi zathu
kuseri kwa nyumba. Pazifukwa izi, tiyenera kupanga mabungwe atsopano ndi atsopano
chilankhulo cha ndale chomwe chingagwirizanitse magulu a mayiko kukhala ziwonetsero zamagulu
zochita. Timatsutsidwa kupanga maukonde atsopano a ndale ndi chidziwitso
kugawana malire amtundu, jenda, magulu ndi mayiko. Tiyenera kupanga
mgwirizano pankhondo ya demokalase m'zaka za zana la 21.
Dr.
Manning Marable ndi Pulofesa wa Mbiri ndi Sayansi Yandale, ndi
Mtsogoleri wa Institute for Research in African-American Studies, Columbia
Yunivesite. "Along the Colour Line" imagawidwa kwaulere kwa
zofalitsa zopitilira 325 ku US komanso kumayiko ena. A Dr. Marable
column ikupezekanso pa intaneti pa www.manningmarable.net.