Mark Weisbrot
As
Purezidenti Jean-Bertrand Aristide atenga ulamuliro ku Haiti kwachitatu
patapita zaka khumi, mkangano wokhudza utsogoleri wake ukuchitika ku US kunja
mabwalo a ndondomeko ndi atolankhani. Zokambirana zimayang'ana ngati Aristide ali
"odzipereka kwathunthu ku demokalase," komanso, "zachuma
kusintha." Koma kuyang'ana moona mtima zaka khumi zapitazi za ubale wa US ndi Haiti
imadzutsa zosiyana kwambiri, ndi mafunso ovutitsa kwambiri.
Aristide
adayamba nthawi yake yomaliza ngati Purezidenti zaka khumi zapitazo, atapambana kwambiri
chipambano ngakhale Washington sanavomereze ndikupereka ndalama kwa otsutsa. A
wansembe wa populist yemwe anali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri olimbikitsa anthu osauka mdziko muno, iye
adakhala pasanathe miyezi 8 asanagwedwe pagulu lankhondo lomwe lapha anthu.
The
Mtsogoleri wachiwembu, Lt. General Raul Cedras, anali pa malipiro a Central Central US
Intelligence Agency. Magazini ya Time inanena kuti CIA idadziwiratu
za chiwembucho, koma sanachitepo kanthu kuti aletse izi- kusonyeza kuti US ndife opanda pake
kuthandizira kulanda boma, ndi kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, mwina kuposa pamenepo.
Zikwizikwi
Otsatira a Aristide adapita m'misewu kuti ateteze choyamba
boma losankhidwa mwa demokalase. Iwo anali opanda zida, ndipo mazana analibe
kuphedwa mopanda chifundo ndi asitikali ndi apolisi. M’zaka zotsatira
Ulamuliro wankhanza unapha zikwizikwi za adani andale, ndikukhazikitsa gulu lapadera
gulu la gulu la imfa- lodziwika ndi oyamba mu French monga FRAPH The
woyambitsa komanso mtsogoleri wa bungweli, Emmanuel Constant, analinso CIA
ntchito.
The
Oyang'anira Clinton adatengera vutoli kuchokera kwa George Bush Senior, ndipo makamaka
ananyalanyaza Haiti kwa nthawi yoposa chaka. Kenako idayamba - chifukwa cha ndale
kukakamizidwa ndi kusefukira kwa othawa kwawo aku Haiti adapita ku magombe a Florida- ku
kukakamiza akuluakulu ankhondo kuti atule pansi udindo.
izi
Kenako asilikali a ku United States anaukira Haiti chakumapeto kwa 1994. Ambiri a ku America
dziwani za izi zobwezeretsa boma losankhidwa, osati lakale
njira zowononga. Chifukwa chake ali ndi chithunzi chopindika - ngakhale Orwellian-
za ntchito yathu ku Haiti. Komanso, zolinga za Clinton administration
zinali zochepa kuposa demokalase: dongosolo panthawiyo linali lochoka kunkhondo ndi
zida zopondereza zili m'malo, ndikuchotsa akuluakulu atatu okhawo.
izi
dongosolo linayamba kusokonekera asilikali a ku Haiti atamenya munthu wosalakwa mpaka kumupha
kutsogolo kwa makamera a TV apadziko lonse lapansi. Asilikali a US adayimilira pafupi ndikulamulidwa kuti asatero
analoŵererapo, ndipo anasonyeza kuipidwa kwawo ndi kukhumudwa kwawo poyera kwa atolankhani.
Purezidenti Clinton adapezeka kuti ali mumgwirizano: kuyitanitsa thandizo pakuwukira
anali atafotokoza asilikali a ku Haiti kuti ndi “akupha, ogwirira chigololo, ndi
zigawenga." Pasanathe sabata imodzi iye anali kuwatcha anthu omwewa "athu
abwenzi."
Aristide
anapezerapo mwayi pazochitikazo kuti athetse asilikali, komanso
nkhanza "gawo mkulu" dongosolo kupondereza kumidzi. Mu
potero adapanga maziko a boma loyamba la demokalase mu
mbiri ya dzikolo, yomwe idakhala zaka makumi atatu mothandizidwa ndi US
Duvalier banja lankhanza mpaka 1986. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anthu akanakhoza kugwira
misonkhano ndi kupanga mabungwe andale popanda mantha kuphedwa.
koma
panalibe zochepa zomwe angachite pachuma cha Haiti: zomwe zinali m'manja
a IMF, World Bank, ndi othandizira awo ku Washington. Anthu awa anali ndi
dongosolo losavuta lachitukuko chachuma ku Haiti: kupanga khofi, mango, zina
agro-exports, ndikumanga gawo lotumiza kunja. Pangani zachinsinsi pagulu
zothandiza. Chepetsani mitengo yamitengo ya zinthu zolowa kunja.
koma
gawo lopepuka (werengani: sweatshop) limapereka ntchito zochepa, komanso zotsika kwambiri
kulipira - zosakwana $2.00 patsiku. Ndi 84% ya zolowa kunja, chopereka
wa gawo ili kuti chuma cha m'banja anali ting'onoting'ono.
The
kutsitsa mitengo pa mpunga wotumizidwa kunja kunamiza alimi zikwizikwi, omwe
sakanatha kupikisana ndi zopangira zothandizira (komanso zamakina) za US. Kutsatsa mwachinsinsi
ya kampani yamafoni idawonedwa ngati yokayikitsa kwambiri, chifukwa inali yayikulu
ndalama (3 peresenti ya GDP), vuto la boma pakutolera misonkho
kuchokera kuzinthu zina, ndi kusowa kwa kayendetsedwe koyenera.
pakuti
izi ndi zifukwa zina zomveka, boma la Haiti makamaka nyumba yamalamulo
anakana zambiri za mapulani a IMF/World Bank. Zotsutsana ndi Washington - zomwe
imayang'anira thandizo ndi ngongole - idawononga chuma cha Haiti ndikuthandiza
kusakhazikika kwa ndale, pamene thandizo limene linaperekedwa linali lochepa
zotsatira zabwino.
Tsopano
Washington ikuletsanso thandizo ku Haiti, kutengera seneti yotsutsana
zotsatira za zisankho ndi nkhawa zina. Aristide wadzipereka kuyambiranso 10
adatsutsa zisankho za senate mu Novembala watha, ndipo adagwirizana ndi zofuna zina
zidakhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira Clinton.
Haiti
ndithudi ali ndi mavuto ake andale ndi azachuma, ndipo Aristide ali ndi ake
zolakwa. Koma chopinga chachikulu ku demokalase ndi kuyambiranso kwachuma ku Haiti
idakali, monga zakhala kwa zaka zambiri, "dziko lozizira lija ku
Kumpoto." Anthu omwe tsopano akukhala ku Washington poweruza boma la Haiti,
kuopseza dziko ndi kusokonekera kwachuma komanso mwinanso china
kuukira, ayenera kuganizira mawu awa: musaweruze kuti mungaweruzidwe.
Mark
Weisbrot ndi director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research in
Washington, DC.