Ua loaʻa i ka Luna Hoʻokele UNAIDS ʻo Winnie Byanyima hoʻopiʻi ma mua o ka 12th WTO Ministerial Conference ma Geneva e kū ana ka honua i kahi wā e hiki mai ana inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā waivers patent. Ma kahi kūkā nūhou, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Byanyima, "Ma kahi maʻi maʻi, ʻo ke kaʻana like ʻana i ka ʻenehana he ola a make paha, a ke koho nei mākou i ka make." I loko o ka 12th Ministerial of the World Trade Organization (WTO), i mālama ʻia mai Iune 12 a 17, ua hana pololei nā ʻāina waiwai. Ua ālai lākou i nā mea hiki ke hāʻawi i nā kano maʻamau, nā lāʻau antiviral a me nā diagnostics i ka honua.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki o ka WTO "hoʻopanee" - a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana - ʻo India-South Africa olelo no ka wai wai ma nā patent no nā lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19 a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka hui o nā ʻāina waiwai - ka European Union, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me UK - ua hōʻoia ʻaʻole maikaʻi ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ana hoʻokuʻu patent. Ua lanakila hou ka waiwai o Big Pharma i ke ola a me ke olakino o ka poʻe. ʻO kēia hoʻi ka mea i hana ʻia i ka wā maʻi AIDS.
ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia "ʻenehana"ʻae ʻia ma ka 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12) e maʻalahi i kekahi o nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī i ʻae ʻia ma lalo o ka Hoʻolaha Doha no ka hoopuka ana i na laikini koi no na laau lapaau. Akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāina e like me India a me Kina, nona ka mana hana nui, e hoʻolako i nā kano ma lalo o nā laikini koi. No laila ʻae, hiki i nā ʻāina makemake i nā kano ke hoʻopuka maʻalahi i nā laikini koi - akā iā wai, inā ʻaʻole nā ʻāina me ka mana hana?
Hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau
I ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole ia ke ʻano o ke kano ka mea nui. ʻAʻole e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui, he mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a no laila maʻalahi ka patent, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau he mau molela nui a no ka hui o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo biologics. ʻO ke kī o ka hana ʻana i ka biologics ʻaʻole ia ke ʻano o ka pūhui akā ke hana nei ia ma kahi ʻoihana ʻenehana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i nā molekala nui paʻakikī. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia kēia ʻike ma lalo o nā patent akā ma lalo o nā mea huna kālepa. Hiki ke hana kope i kēia mau mea huna kālepa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi mea ʻike i ke kaʻina hana. Akā, wehe kēia i nā hui e ho'āʻo nei e hana i kēia i ka hana pili kānāwai, me ka WTO. A aia nō hoʻi ka hoʻoweliweli o nā hoʻopaʻi unilateral e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, EU a me UK.
ʻO ka hopena, e hoʻomau ka Pfizer a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ʻo Big Pharma i ka loaʻa kālā nui ma ka lilo o ke ola o ka poʻe, ʻoiai ke alakaʻi nei kēia i nā ʻano hou SARS-CoV-2 e kū mai ana a kumu i ka hoʻomau o ka maʻi maʻi. emi iho 20 pakeneka o na kanaka ma Aferika, nona ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o 700 miliona, ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻole ʻia nā miliona o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoopau ana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Loaʻa iā mākou ka mana hana kano e hoʻopaʻa i ka lehulehu o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, no laila e hoʻopakele ai i nā ola he nui a hōʻemi i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā ʻano hou a weliweli. Akā ʻo ka hana ʻana pēlā ʻaʻole ia i ka makemake o Big Pharma, nona ka waiwai i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke ola kanaka.
No ka waiho wale ʻana i ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻoi aku ka waiwai o Pfizer ua pāpālua i 2021 mai 2020, me ka Pfizer-BioNTech kano e hāʻawi ana i kahi hapa nui o ia mau waiwai. Inā he ʻāina ʻo Pfizer, ʻo kāna loaʻa kālā he $ 81-biliona i ka makahiki i hala aku nei ua kau ʻia ma mua o ka GDP o nā ʻāina e like me ʻAitiopa, Ghana a me Kenya, e like me kahi Ka Ikepili o ka ʻikepili Bank Bank e ka hui ʻo Global Justice Now. Ma waho aʻe o nā kano, ʻo ka monopoly ma luna o nā diagnostics a me nā lāʻau antiviral e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā kumukūʻai no ka poʻe e hakakā mau nei i ka maʻi maʻi, ʻoiai e hoʻopuka ana i ka loaʻa kālā no Big Pharma.
ʻO ka waiver wale nō i ka MC12 ma luna o nā laikini koi no nā kano. ʻAʻole ia i kamaʻilio i nā patent ma nā diagnostics a me nā lāʻau antiviral. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia ʻē aʻe i hāpai ʻia e ka WTO i loko o kāna waiver nā kuleana waiwai ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea huna kālepa, he mea nui ia i ka hana nui o nā kano.
Kiʻi ka MC12 i ke kinipōpō ʻeono malama i ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā patents no nā diagnostics a me nā lāʻau antiviral, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa e loli koke ka naʻau o nā ʻāina waiwai i kēia mau pilikia, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ko lākou kū mau ʻana i kēia mau mea i ka wā o ka maʻi maʻi. ua pepehi i na miliona.
Hoʻopaʻa i nā mea āpau a ʻae paha i nā ʻano hou
No ke aha he mea koʻikoʻi ka pale ʻana i ka lehulehu? ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa iā SARS-CoV-2 (ka maʻi e hoʻokau ai i ka COVID-19), ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa o nā ʻano hou. Aia kekahi manaʻo kuhi hewa i waena o kekahi poʻe e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi virus, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lilo ʻana. He manaʻo maʻamau kēia ma waena o kahi māhele o ke kaiāulu olakino. Eia naʻe, i kēia lā paʻa nā mea olaola evolutionary ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike e hoʻololi i nā maʻi virus e lilo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. A inā e manaʻo ʻia he ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wā lōʻihi, e like me John Maynard Keynes, ka mea hoʻokele waiwai. waiho ia, "I ka wā lōʻihi, ua make mākou a pau."
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ko mākou noho ʻana me kahi maʻi maʻi e hoʻomau nei i ka maʻi ma kahi o ka hapalua miliona a miliona mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā mākou dicing me ka hiki ke puka mai kahi ʻano hou e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka omicron a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hihia nui aʻe. mamua o ko kakou ike ana mamua. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hiki ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona maʻalahi o ka mea maʻi i ke kino a me ka pilikanaka, a no laila hiki ke hoʻopili i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia ka puka makani e laha ai ka maʻi. Inā ho'ōla hou a make paha ka mea maʻi, he liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka hana hou ʻana o ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi. He hopena paha ia i kā mākou ʻano pilikanaka, akā ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka maʻi maʻi e lilo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka manawa.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, akā ʻo ia ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ke ala evolutionary e hiki mai ana o ka maʻi. Inā hōʻike ka delta i ka hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia, a laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pakele o ka omicron. 'O ia ho'i, hiki i ka omicron ke ka'e aku i ko kakou palekana i loa'a mai i nā ma'i ma'i a i 'ole nā lā'au lapa'au. ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā alakaʻi ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi i ka maʻi mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i hiki ʻole i ke kanaka ke neʻe a puni, e kāpae a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha i ka lawe ʻana o ka maʻi. Akā ʻaʻole pēlā ke ʻano o ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2.
Pehea e ulu ai ʻo SARS-CoV-2 i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana? E like me ka haʻi ʻana mai o ka immunologists, pili ka evolutionary trajectory o ka maʻi i ka pilina paʻakikī o kekahi mau mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka pane o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi.
ʻO ke kali ʻana no ka huli ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka pua puaʻa ʻaʻole hiki ke pane i ka maʻi maʻi o kēia manawa. He mea koʻikoʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kekahi pane olakino olakino i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka hakakā ʻana o nā ʻāina a puni ka honua e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā maʻi hou a, no laila, nā aʻa o nā hoʻouna hou. A ʻae, no ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono mākou e ola me ka hana hou ʻana i kā mākou mau kano hoʻoikaika kino i ka wā e hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ai mākou i nā kano i nā ʻano hou.
ʻOiai he mea nui nā patents i nā lāʻau antiviral ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau no COVID-19, a e kōkua maoli lākou i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā make a me nā hoʻopiʻi o ka lōʻihi COVID, eia hou, hele mai nā patent i ke ala o kā lākou hoʻohana. ʻO nā lāʻau antiviral wale nō ka hopena i loko o kahi pukaaniani liʻiliʻi o nā lā mua o ka maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi e pono ke hoʻolako ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi no ka poʻe i hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai mai i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i nā patent o kēia mau lāʻau ʻaʻole hāʻawi i kahi mākeke nui. ʻO kahi mākeke liʻiliʻi a me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i kahi kūlana Catch-22: kiʻekiʻe nā kumukūʻai no ka mea liʻiliʻi ka mākeke; liʻiliʻi ka mākeke ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai.
Eia hou, hiki i ka wehe ʻana i ka laikini o nā lāʻau antiviral ke hana i kahi mākeke nui no lākou. Akā ʻo kēia ka mea i ʻae ʻole ʻia e WTO. He paʻakikī ke ala o ka laikini koi ma lalo o ka WTO, a ʻo kona hoʻomaha ʻana i ka MC12 ʻo ia ka nā ʻāina e like me India, he mea koʻikoʻi i ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi AIDS, manaʻo ʻia e haʻalele i nā mea hoʻolako. A laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea hoʻolako antiviral no COVID-19 e like me kā lākou no nā lāʻau antiviral AIDS.
No ke aha i hui ʻole ai nā ʻāina i hiki ke hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau holomua - India, Kina, Russia a me ʻApelika Hema - e hāʻawi i ka ʻenehana a me nā lako i ke koena o ka honua? No ke aha e hui pū ʻole ai nā ʻāina me Cuba, kahi hale mana olaola, e hana i nā kano ma ka ʻāina? Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Cuba i ʻelima mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻelua o ia mau mea i lalo o ka hana nui.
Aia ka pane ma ka "hoʻonohonoho honua pili kānāwai” hoolahaia e ka hui o ka poe waiwai. Aia nā lula i nā hoʻopaʻi ma nā ʻāina he nui, me Russia, Cuba a me Kina. No ka poʻe ʻaʻole i lalo o ka hoʻopaʻi, aia ka hoʻoweliweli o nā hoʻopaʻi e hiki mai ana e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, EU a me UK - ka hui o ʻekolu i hui pū i ka WTO e lanakila ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka patent waiver India-South Africa. Aia nō i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kona kānāwai kūloko, ʻo ka US Trade Act, Section 301, no ka "pale ʻana" i kāna waiwai naʻauao kahi e hoʻoweliweli ai i nā ʻāina me nā hoʻopaʻi US. ʻIke nui ʻia ʻo India a me Kina i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka papa inoa o nā ʻāina i kūlike ʻole nā kānāwai a me nā hana i nā kānāwai kūloko o US. Inā ʻaʻole lanakila ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kona mau hoa pili i ka WTO, a laila hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou "rules-based order" kahi e hana ai lākou i nā lula.
Welina mai i ko mākou honua hou wiwo ʻole, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai iā Winnie Byanyima, lanakila ka make ma luna o ke ola.
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