He manawa pōkole Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā Raqqa i Iune, ua hopu nā luna o ka Islamic State iā Hammad al-Sajer no ka haʻalele ʻana i nā pule ahiahi. ʻO Hammad, ʻo ia ʻo 29, ua ola ʻo ia mai kāna kaʻa kaʻa: lawe ʻo ia i nā kānaka a me nā pūʻolo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kaʻa kaʻa kūloko. Ua hopu ʻo IS iā ia i kekahi mau manawa ma mua - ʻo ka hapa nui no ka puhi paka, i pāpā ʻia ma lalo o ke aupuni IS - akā ua hoʻokuʻu mau ʻia ʻo ia ma hope o ka uku ʻana i ka uku a i ʻole ka hahau ʻia. Ua koi ʻia ka hele ʻana i ka pule a ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka pule ʻAsar, ka pule ʻauinalā, no ka mea, ua hoʻokali kahi kaʻa iā ia i kona hele ʻana i loko o kona hale e kiʻi i ke kālā no kāna huakaʻi ma hope o kāna huakaʻi i ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Raqqa. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hammad e hoʻopaʻi ʻia a hoʻopaʻi ʻia paha, akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia i hoʻokahi mahina i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Koe wale no ka mea, aole he halepaahao. I kona kakahiaka mua, 'ua pani nā poʻe koa iā mākou a lawe iā mākou i loko o kahi kaʻa i kahi me he mea lā i loko o ke kūlanakauhale no ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi mau minuke a hiki i laila.'
Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Hammad a me nā pio ʻē aʻe, he mau kānaka kamaʻāina lākou a pau i kahi hale kaʻawale. I loko o kekahi o nā lumi he puka ma ka papahele. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu ʻino i iho i lalo ma kahi o kanaono kapuaʻi ma mua o ka palahalaha ʻana o ke alahele i kahi alahele, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi labyrinth o nā tunnel ʻē aʻe. Ua haʻi aku kekahi hoa paʻahao, ʻo Adnan iā Hammad ua hoʻomaka ʻo IS i ka hana ma luna o kahi pūnaewele subterranean i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ma mua. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana i ka makahiki 2015, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lanakila ʻana o ka IS a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kona hoʻi lōʻihi i mua o nā hewa Kurdish i kākoʻo ʻia e ka hui pū ʻana. I mea e pakele ai i ka pōʻino o ka lewa, ua hoʻoholo ʻo IS e nalo ma lalo o ka honua, e ʻeli ana i nā pūnāwai nui ma lalo o kāna mau kūlanakauhale nui ʻelua, ʻo Mosul ma Iraq a me Raqqa ma Suria, e kōkua iā ia e pale iā ia iho i ka wā i hiki mai ai nā hoʻouka kaua hope.
He liʻiliʻi ka poʻe ma Raqqa i ʻike i ka nui o nā ʻeli e hele ana ma lalo o ko lākou mau wāwae - ʻaʻole ʻo Hammad, nāna i holo i kāna kaʻa kaʻa a puni ke kūlanakauhale i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO nā puka komo ma nā ʻāpana i holo a kipaku ʻia paha nā kamaʻāina. 'I ko mākou komo ʻana i loko o nā tunnels ua kāhāhā mākou,' hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Hammad. 'Me he mea lā ua kūkulu ʻia ke kūlanakauhale holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka lepo.' Pono paha ʻo IS i pūʻali koa o nā limahana e kūkulu iā ia - akā aia ka nui o nā paʻahao a me nā limahana hana ʻole e huki ai. Ua haʻi liʻiliʻi ʻia ka poʻe paʻahao e pili ana i kā lākou hana: ʻo ka mea nīnau i nā nīnau he nui, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia. Ua ʻike ʻo Hammad i nā keʻena me nā paia paʻa i hoʻoikaika ʻia a me nā kaupaku, a me nā mea e like me nā pahu o nā mea kaua e ahu ana ma ka papahele. I kona nīnau ʻana e pili ana i nā pahu, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ua hahau mai kekahi o nā kiaʻi iaʻu ma koʻu kua me kahi ʻāpana kaula a ʻōlelo mai: “Mai ʻū i kou ihu i nā mea. ʻAʻole kēia kāu ʻoihana. Hana ʻoe i kāu hana a noho mālie.”' Ua hāmau a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokokoke ʻia nā haole hakakā ma ka hana, akā he kamaʻāina kekahi o nā kiaʻi a kamaʻilio pū kekahi me ka poʻe ʻeli i ka lā hana he ʻumi hola. 'I kekahi manawa ua hoʻohenehene lākou me mākou no ka mea ua luhi a luhi lākou,' wahi āna. I kekahi lā, nīnau ʻo ia i kekahi o lākou no ke aha kēia hana nui. 'O kēia hana nui e kōkua i nā liona o ka caliphate e pakele,' i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia (ʻo nā 'liona' ka IS emirs a me nā luna koa). 'He ʻōlelo kā lākou e haʻi aku ai i nā kānaka a ʻaʻole pono lākou e make koke.'
Ua hoʻohana nā luna o IS i nā paʻahao e hana i nā tunnels ke hiki iā lākou, akā ua hoʻolimalima pū lākou i nā limahana. ʻO Khalaf Ali kekahi o lākou. I ka wā i hopu ai ʻo IS i ke kūlanakauhale ma 2014, ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo ia i ka paka ma ke alanui. "Ua lawe ʻia au e kekahi mau pūʻali koa nāna i lawe iaʻu i kahi luna," wahi āna. ʻAʻole lākou i lawe iaʻu i loko o ka hale paʻahao, akā ua lawe lākou i kaʻu mau pahu cigakeke a ʻōlelo mai inā e kūʻai hou aku au i ka paka, e hoʻokomo lākou iaʻu i loko o ka hale paʻahao a e loaʻa iaʻu he kanakolu mau hahau.' Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolilo i kona mau lā ma kahi ākea kūloko me nā kāne hana ʻole ʻē aʻe; kali lākou i kahi kaʻa a kaʻa paha e kū a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā hana ʻē aʻe - ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā lako, hoʻoponopono i nā puka naha a i ʻole nā puka makani. I ʻApelila 2016, e noho ana ʻo Khalaf ma ke kahua ākea me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka wā i ʻōlelo ai kahi kanaka palekana IS makemake ʻo ia e kamaʻilio me lākou. I ka wā mua, hopohopo lākou, akā ua ʻōlelo ka luna e hiki iā lākou ke hana inā hoʻopaʻa inoa lākou i ko lākou mau inoa ma kahi keʻena IS. I ko lākou hōʻike ʻana i ka hola 7 i ka lā aʻe, ua haʻi ʻia lākou e ʻae lākou i kekahi mau ʻano: 'ʻAʻole pono mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kā mākou hana i ka lehulehu no ka mea ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea huna o ka caliphate a, inā mākou e uhaki i kēia kūlana. e pepehi mai lakou ia makou he poe kumakaia.' Ua pani ʻia ko lākou mau maka a hoʻokele ʻia i kahi hale kaʻawale, kahi i wehe ʻia ai nā pani. ʻAʻole ʻo ia ka hale i lawe mua ʻia ai ʻo Hammad: ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻohe alapiʻi, ʻo kahi ala piʻi wale nō ma kahi o 150 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi, a ma kahi o kanaono kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi o lalo.
'Ua komo mākou i kahi e like me kahi hale noho,' hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Khalaf. 'He nui nā lumi: ke kūkulu ʻia nei kekahi, ʻo kekahi i hoʻopau ʻia, me nā paia paʻa.' Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe paʻahana i nā kaʻa kaʻa no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka lepo i ʻeli ʻia a hiki i kekahi wahi o ka tunnel, kahi i mālama ai nā kānaka ʻē aʻe āna i ʻike ʻole ai i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i luna o ka ʻili e hoʻopuehu ʻia. Ua papa ʻia nā hui like ʻole o nā limahana e kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi. Na ka hui o Khalaf ke kuleana no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā lako, me nā sofa a me nā moena, i nā lumi hoʻopau. 'He uila, ʻaʻole naʻe i loko o kēlā me kēia lumi, a he mau kukui ko ke alahele.' I ka neʻe ʻana aku o nā Pūʻali Demokarata Suria (SDF) i alakaʻi ʻia e Kurdish i Raqqa a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ʻAmelika, ua pāpālua ʻo IS i ka uku mai $4 a i $8 i ka lā, ʻoiai ua unuhi ʻia ke kālā inā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu nā luna o ka IS i ka maikaʻi o ka hana. I kekahi manawa ua nīnau ʻo Khalaf i kahi pūʻali koa IS nāna i manaʻo mua e kūkulu i kēia mau hale paʻa lalo. Ua haʻi ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ko mākou mau kaikunāne i ka manaʻoʻiʻo: 'ma Afghanistan,' i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka pūʻali koa, 'he nui nā hoʻouka kaua i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a hāʻule ʻole ma muli o nā tunnels.'
ʻO Hammad lāua ʻo Khalaf, ʻaʻole i ʻike kekahi i kekahi, ua pakele kaʻawale mai Raqqa i nā pule mua o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana. Ua holo ʻo Hammad i ke kakahiaka nui me kahi pūʻulu kanaka, e neʻe ana mai kēlā hale a i kēia hale i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai ke kaua. Ua hoʻohana lākou i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka pūʻali IS e holo i nā pūʻali Kurdish i alakaʻi ʻia, e kū ana i kēlā me kēia ʻumi mau minuke e peʻe ma hope o nā pā a me nā hale ʻino a hiki i ka palekana. Ua nīnau ka SDF iā lākou e hōʻoia ʻaʻole lākou he poʻe hoʻopiʻi IS, a laila lawe iā lākou i kahi hoʻomoana no nā poʻe i haʻalele ʻia ma Ain al-Issa, ʻākau o Raqqa. ʻOi aku ka pilikia o ko Khalaf huakaʻi i waho o Raqqa: ma hope o ka make ʻana o kekahi poʻe o kona kaiāulu, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia a me kanakolu mau mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻāʻo e pakele mai ke kūlanakauhale i alakaʻi ʻia e nā hoʻolaha lekiō SDF. ʻOiai, wahi a Khalaf, ua paʻa lākou i loko o ka hale e ka hakakā ʻana no kekahi mau lā. 'I ka hope ua holo mākou, akā ua nalowale kekahi o kā mākou mau hoaaloha,' wahi āna. 'Ua ʻike mākou i ko lākou mau kino e waiho ana ma laila i ko mākou holo ʻana, akā makaʻu nā mea a pau i ka poʻe snipers no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻi i hope no lākou.'
ʻO ka hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻana o Raqqa, ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi ma ʻEuperate me ka heluna kanaka ma mua o ke kaua ʻana ma lalo o 300,000, i kēia manawa ke hoʻomau nei no nā mahina ʻehā. ʻO IS fanaticism kekahi kumu ʻaʻole i hāʻule koke, akā ʻaʻole lawa ia e hoʻōki i ka SDF, me ka ikaika o ka mokulele ʻAmelika ma hope o ia. ʻO ka pūnaewele o nā tunnels e hoʻopili ana i nā bunkers, kahi huna a me nā ala pakele huna ke kī i ke kū'ē. Hiki i nā pūʻali IS ke neʻe wikiwiki i lalo o ka honua, e hoʻololi i nā kūlana ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia e ka pahū a i ʻole ke ahi. E like me Mosul, ʻo ke ala wale nō e neʻe ai ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pohō nui, ʻo ia ke kāhea ʻana i nā hoʻouka kaua mokulele i ka ikaika nui a ua luku ʻia ka hapa nui o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka Kurdish general commanding the SDF, Mazlum Kobane, i haʻi ʻia ma ka 26 September e ʻōlelo ana ua paʻa kāna mau pūʻali koa i kēia manawa he 75 pakeneka o Raqqa, akā aia kekahi mau pūʻali koa 700 IS a me 1500 mau pūʻali koa pro-IS ma ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale. Hiki paha iā lākou ke paʻa no nā pule a i ʻole mau mahina, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākau like i ke kaua kūlanakauhale i hōʻike ʻia e IS i ka wā o ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā Mosul. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā snipers, nā mea hoʻomake pepehi kanaka, nā hui mortar, nā mines a me nā pahele booby e lohi a hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻenemi. No IS, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohewa ʻia, akā mau nō lākou i ka pōʻino: i ka mahina i hala aku nei ua pepehi kekahi pūʻulu o ka pūʻali IS i nā lole SDF i 28 mau kānaka SDF i kahi hoʻouka kaua.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka agility tactical e hoʻopakele i ka caliphate, i kēia manawa ke hoʻopilikia ʻia nei ma nā ʻaoʻao he nui. ʻO ka ikaika nui o ka Islamic State i hele mai ma ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana i ka hoʻomana hoʻomana a me ka mīkini kaua; ʻO kona nāwaliwali, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i kona ʻenemi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka honua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pū. Me ka ʻole o nā kuʻikahi a me ka hana ʻino wale ʻana, ua alakaʻi ia i kahi kuʻikahi like ʻole o nā mokuʻāina maʻamau e ʻenemi kekahi i kekahi e ʻimi i ke kumu maʻamau e kūʻē iā ia, a komo i kahi pae o ka hana like ʻole. Ke hoʻokokoke nei ʻo IS i ka nalo ʻana o kona mana, hoʻomaka hou nā hakakā kahiko a me nā māhele - akā i kahi ʻāina politika i hoʻololi hou ʻia e ke kaua me IS.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻo IS i ʻekolu makahiki i hala aku nei - ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o kāna mau kolamu ma luna o nā pūʻali koa Iraqi a me Suria a lawe pio i ka hapa nui o Suria hikina a me Iraq komohana - ua kōkua i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kahua no ka pae aʻe o ka hakakā: ma kahi o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke kaomi. ma luna o nā pūʻali hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā aupuni koʻikoʻi ma Bagdad a me Damaseko, ua hoʻohuli ʻo IS i kona mau pūʻali e kaua aku i nā Kurds ma Iraq a me Suria. I ʻAukake 2014, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka Iraqi Kurds i aneane hiki i ko lākou kapikala, ʻo Erbil, a i Sepatemaba i hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻouka kaua lōʻihi ma ke kūlanakauhale Kurdish Suria o Kobani. No ke aha i hana ai ʻo IS i mea pohihihi: he mea hiki ke hana me ka paipai ʻana o Turkey, ka mea i hopohopo i ka ulu ʻana o ka ikaika o nā Kurds Suria i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. ʻO kēlā me kēia wehewehe ʻana, ʻike ʻole ʻia nā Kurds ma Suria a me Iraq iā lākou iho, ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou pono politika, ma ka laina mua o kahi hoʻolaha honua kūʻē iā IS. Ua hāʻawi koke ʻia ka Peshmerga ma Iraq a me ka People's Protection Units (YPG) ma Suria i ke kākoʻo mai ka pūʻali koa ikaika loa o ka honua. Ua mākaukau ʻo Turkey e ʻike i ka hāʻule ʻana o Kobani iā IS, akā ua hoʻopakele ʻia ke kūlanakauhale e ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ʻo 70 pākēneka o kona mau hale i waiho ʻia i nā wahi ʻino. Ua ʻimi nui ʻo ʻAmelika i nā pūʻali koa ʻāina hilinaʻi ma Suria a loaʻa iā lākou i ka YPG, ka mea nāna i mālama i ka hapa nui o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka palena o Suria-Turkish. Ma Iraq, ua hoʻohana nā Kurds i ka lanakila ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Iraqi ma ka ʻākau o Iraq i ka manawa o ka hāʻule ʻana o Mosul e hopu i nā 'ʻāina hoʻopaʻapaʻa' ma waho o nā palena o ka Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), ma laila e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻāina i hoʻomalu ʻia e Kurdish. 40 pakeneka.
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Nā alakaʻi Kurdish ma Suria a me Iraq ua noʻonoʻo lōʻihi, ʻo ka hapa nui ma kahi pilikino, inā paha e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i kā lākou lanakila politika a me ka pūʻali koa i ka wā i hele ai ʻo IS ma ke ala e lanakila ai. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ua haʻi mai ʻo Muhammad Haji Mahmud, kahi luna nui o Peshmerga, iaʻu ua lawe mai ke kaua me IS i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka Iraqi Kurds: 'Ua lilo mākou i pūʻali koa maʻamau, ma mua o ka pūʻali koa guerrilla; kākoʻo ʻia e ka US a me ʻEulopa ea mana; hiki ke kuai i na mea kaua ma ke akea; a mahalo ʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa no ka hakakā ʻana i ka hoʻoweliweli.' ʻO kona makaʻu nui ʻaʻole 'like ka waiwai o ka poʻe Kurds ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa' i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ʻo Mosul a lanakila ʻo IS. ʻAʻole hoʻi ʻo ia i manaʻo e loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika e paʻa i nā ʻāina i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia me ke kākoʻo ʻole o ka honua. Ma Suria hoʻi, hopohopo nā alakaʻi Kurdish no ka lōʻihi a hilinaʻi nui lākou i nā ʻAmelika, hiki ke hoʻōki i ke kākoʻo ʻana iā lākou me ka diplomatic a me ka pūʻali koa i ka manawa i hāʻule ai ʻo Raqqa a me nā pā paʻa hope o IS. ʻO ke komo ʻana o Tureke kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli; ʻO kekahi o ka pūʻali koa Suria, ka mea - me ka uhi ea Lūkini - ua hoʻopuni iā IS ma Deir Ezzor a makemake lākou e neʻe i mua e lawe i nā ʻaila hinu ma ka hikina. ʻO nā hoʻomohala ma Iraq a me Suria e hoʻohālikelike pinepine kekahi i kekahi: ua hopu ka pūʻali koa Suria iā East Aleppo i Dekemaba 2016 a ua lawe ka pūʻali Iraqi iā Mosul i ʻehiku mau mahina ma hope. ʻO ke ʻano ma Iraq a me Suria ʻo ia ka mana o ka pūʻali koa o ke aupuni waena e hoʻihoʻi i hope - kahi mea e hoʻoweliweli nui ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale Kurdish.
I kēia manawa ʻaʻole ia he pilikia maoli ka hopena o ke kaua me IS, ke huli nei ka hakakā ma ka ʻāina i ka hakakā ʻana ma luna o nā mana, a me ke ola ʻana o nā ʻāina ʻelua Kurdish quasi-states: ke Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) ma ʻO Iraq, a me ka mea a ko Suria Kurds i kapa ai ʻo Rojava, ma ke kihi ʻākau-hikina o Suria. I ka makahiki 2012, ma hope o ke kipi ʻana o ka Arab Spring, ua haʻalele ka pūʻali koa Suria mai nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Kurdish ma ia wahi, a he aha ka manaʻo a me nā kumu a pau ʻo ka lālā Suria o ka Kurdistan Workers Party, ka PKK, ka mea i hakakā me kahi guerrilla. kaua ma Tureke mai ka makahiki 1984, ua lawe. Ma keʻano he pūʻali koa US e kū'ē iā IS mai 2014, ua hoʻolālā ka Suria Kurds i kahi pūʻali koa e pili ana i 50,000 ikaika. Ke neʻe nei ko lākou mau koa i ka hikina o Suria, kahi e kū ai lākou i nā pūʻali koa Suria e neʻe nei. Hiki paha ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia a maopopo ʻole kona hopena, akā no ka poʻe Kurds ua piha ia i ka pōʻino, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ke kulekele ʻAmelika iā lākou ma lalo o Trump.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hiki mai ka pilikia mua ma hope o IS no nā Kurds i Suria akā ʻo Iraq. ʻO ka referendum paʻa ʻole e pili ana i ke kūʻokoʻa no nā Iraqi Kurds i mālama ʻia ma 25 Kepakemapa i kūʻē ʻia e UN, US, UK, France a me Kelemānia a me nā mana kūloko e like me Turkey, Iran a me Iraq. ʻO nā mea hope ʻekolu i hoʻohiki i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ka KRG inā paʻa ke koho balota, kahi hoʻoweliweli a kona pelekikena, ʻo Masoud Barzani, i unuhi ʻia he bluff. Ua lilo ia i mea hoʻoweliweli maoli a i loko o nā lā o ka referendum, ua pani ʻo Baghdad i ka mokulele Iraqi i nā mokulele honua mai Erbil a me Sulaimaniyah. Ua mālama ke aupuni Iraqi i nā hana pūʻali koa hui pū me Turkey a me Iran a ke hoʻoweliweli nei e hoʻomalu i nā palena o ka KRG. ʻO ka koho nui o nā Kurds no ko lākou moku'āina kūʻokoʻa i loaʻa ka hopena o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka nui o nā mea keakea i ko lākou hoʻoholo ponoʻī. Ua hui pū ʻia ʻo Iran, Turkey a me ke aupuni Iraqi e like me ka wā ma mua a i kahi kūlana e hoʻokō i kahi paʻa i ka KRG; aia ka palena o ka mea a nā Kurds e hana ai ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana.
"ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā alakaʻi Kurdish ma Iraq nā koho koa a i ʻole diplomatic," wahi a Omar Sheikhmous, he alakaʻi Kurdish kahiko i manaʻoʻiʻo ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻo KRG i kona lima. ʻO ka hoʻoholo a Barzani e hoʻopaʻa i kahi referendum - i alakaʻi nui ʻia e nā māhele politika intra-Kurdish - hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kuhi hewa nui. Ma mua o ke koho balota, ua hōʻole ʻo Barzani i nā manaʻo kuʻikahi mai ka US a me kāna mau hoa pili ʻEulopa aʻo nā alakaʻi Kurdish i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka manaʻo o Turkey a me Iran ma hope o nā hoʻoweliweli i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā i hala. Ua aʻo mai ʻo Sheikhmous iaʻu ma mua o ke koho balota e hiki i ke alakaʻi Kurdish ma Iraq ke kokoke e 'hoʻolei aku i nā mea a lākou i lanakila ai i nā makahiki he iwakālua a kanakolu paha. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo ia i ka referendum me nā hewa ʻē aʻe i ka mōʻaukala Iraqi, e like me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Saddam Hussein iā Kuwait i ka makahiki 1990, i ka wā i kuhi hewa ʻole ai ʻo ia i ka pane ʻana o nā mana ʻē aʻe. Ua manaʻo hewa nā alakaʻi o KRG ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Turkey a me Iran e hoʻoweliweli i kā lākou pono waiwai nui ma Iraqi Kurdistan ma ke kūʻē ʻana i ke koho balota. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā Turkey a me Iran ke nānā aku i ka manaʻolana o ke kūʻokoʻa no Iraqi Kurds no ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki i kā lākou mau Kurdish liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena o Turkey he mea ʻino loa ia: ʻo nā Kurds, ʻōlelo ʻo Erdoğan, 'ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokumu i kahi mokuʻāina kūʻokoʻa, ke wehe nei lākou i kahi ʻeha ma ka ʻāina e wili i kahi pahi i loko. Ua hoʻoulu ʻo Barzani i nā pilina maikaʻi me Erdoğan, ka mea i ʻōlelo i kēia manawa ua pau ka pilina: ʻo ka KRG, 'ka mea a mākou i hāʻawi ai i ke kākoʻo āpau, ua hana kūʻē iā mākou, e uku ia i ke kumukūʻai'. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, e hana wale ʻo Turkey me ke aupuni Iraqi. Ke manaʻolana nei ʻo Iraqi Kurds e hele hou mai ʻo ʻAmelika e hoʻopakele iā lākou ma o ka ʻuwao ma waena o lākou a me ko lākou mau hoa paio: ʻōlelo lākou ua wehe mau nā alanui i Kurdistan a ʻaʻohe mea i loli ma ka honua. Hiki ke ola ka KRG i kona kaʻawale ʻana i kēia manawa akā ke ulu nei ka pilikia e hele like nā Kurdish quasi-states e like me ka caliphate.
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