Puna: Ke Kūʻokoʻa
I kēia pule aku nei, ua nānā au i ka Taliban kahili ma ka palapala ʻāina o ka ʻākau ʻApekanikana, ka hopu ana i na wahi a'u i kipa mua ai i ka makahiki 2001 i ka hoomaka ana o ka US-kaua kākoʻo. Ua hopu ka poʻe kaua Taliban i ke alahaka nui i Tajikistan ma ka Amu Darya, kahi muliwai aʻu i hele ai ma kahi lāʻau paʻa ʻole i kekahi mau mahina i ka hakakā.
ʻO ka luna koa hope loa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ke kahua mokulele Bagram ma ka ʻākau o Kabul, ʻO kahi keʻena nui no nā pūʻali koa ʻAmelika 100,000 i ka ʻāina, haʻalele i ke aumoe i ka hopena pule i hala me ka ʻole o ka haʻi ʻana i kona hope Afghan - ʻo ia ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻaʻole ʻo ia i aʻo i ka haʻalele ʻana o ʻAmelika a hiki i ʻelua mau hola ma hope o ka hana ʻana.
ʻO ke kumu koke loa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻali aupuni o Afghanistan ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha ʻana e ka Pelekikena Biden i ka lā 14 ʻApelila e haʻalele ai nā pūʻali koa hope loa o ʻAmelika i ka ʻāina ma ka lā 11 Kepakemapa. Akā, he mea lapuwale nā hoʻopiʻi a nā pūkaua o ʻAmelika a me Pelekane no ka hikiwawe loa o kēia mau mea no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pūʻali palekana Afghan e kū hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ua hala ʻelua mau makahiki ʻaʻole lākou e hana pēlā.
I ka pau ʻana o ke komo ʻana o ka pūʻali koa komohana, pono e nīnau i nā kumu o kēia hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa. No ke aha i makemake ai ka nui o nā Taliban e make no kā lākou kumu, ʻoiai e holo ana nā koa aupuni a haʻalele paha? No ke aha i hana hewa ai ke aupuni Afghan ma Kabul? He aha ka mea i loaʻa i ka $ 2.3 trillion i hoʻohana ʻia e ka US, e hoʻāʻo ana, a me ka hāʻule ʻole, e lanakila i ke kaua ma kahi ʻāina i noho ʻilihune?
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, no ke aha i lilo ai ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lanakila hoʻoholo e nā pūʻali anti-Taliban kākoʻo ʻia e US i iwakālua mau makahiki i hala?
ʻO kahi pane ʻo Afghanistan - e like me Lebanona, Suria a me Iraq - ʻaʻole ia he ʻāina kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka huaʻōlelo "hoʻoholo" e pili ana i ka lanakila a i ʻole ka lanakila. ʻAʻole e puka mai ka poʻe lanakila a me ka poʻe eo, no ka mea, ua nui loa nā mea pāʻani, ma loko a ma waho o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole hiki ke lanakila, a ʻike paha i ka lanakila ʻana o ka ʻenemi.
ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike maʻalahi me Vietnam i ka makahiki 1975 he alakaʻi hewa. ʻAʻole loaʻa i ka Taliban kekahi mea e like me ka ikaika o ka pūʻali koa Vietnamese ʻĀkau. Eia kekahi, ʻo Afghanistan kahi mosaic o nā kaiāulu lāhui, nā ʻohana a me nā ʻāina, kahi e hakakā ai ka Taliban e hoʻoponopono i nā mea e hiki mai ana i ke aupuni Kabul.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Afghan a me nā pūʻali palekana ua hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka Taliban, kahi i kū pinepine ai i nā kūʻē liʻiliʻi, a ua hiki iā ia ke hana i nā lanakila ʻāina kupaianaha. ʻO ia mau loli wikiwiki o ka waiwai ma ke kahua kaua ma Afghanistan e hoʻoulu ʻia e nā poʻe a me nā kaiāulu e hoʻololi wikiwiki nei i ka ʻaoʻao lanakila. Hoʻouna nā ʻohana i kā lākou mau kāne ʻōpio e hakakā no ke aupuni a me ka Taliban ma ke ʻano he ʻinikua. ʻO ka hāʻawi wikiwiki ʻana e nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻāpana e pale aku i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, ʻoiai ke kūʻē lōʻihi e alakaʻi i ka luku.
Aia kekahi ʻano like i ka makahiki 2001. ʻOiai ʻo Wakinekona a me kona mau hoa kūloko ma ka Northern Alliance e hoʻokani ana i ko lākou lanakila maʻalahi ma luna o ka Taliban, ua hoʻi mai ka poʻe hakakā o ka hope i ko lākou mau kauhale, a i ʻole ka paheʻe ʻana i ka palena i Pakistan e kali no nā lā maikaʻi aʻe. Ua hele mai kēia mau makahiki ʻehā a ʻelima paha, i ka wā i hana nui ai ke aupuni Afghan e hōʻino iā ia iho.
ʻO ka ikaika nui o ka Taliban, ʻo ia ke kākoʻo mau ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o Pakistan, kahi mokuʻāina nuklea me kahi pūʻali koa ikaika, he 216 miliona mau kānaka, a he palena 1,616 mile ka lōʻihi me Afghanistan. ʻAʻole lawa ka US a me UK i ka moku inā ʻaʻole lākou i mākaukau e kūʻē iā Pakistan, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lanakila i ke kaua.
ʻO nā ikaika ʻē aʻe o ka Taliban ke kumu o ka manatical, nā alakaʻi akamai a me nā mea hakakā i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kaiāulu Pashtun, ʻo ia ka 40 pākēneka o ka heluna kanaka Afghan. ʻO kahi kolonel Pakistan e kauoha ana i nā pūʻali Pashtun maʻamau ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka palena mai Afghanistan i nīnau mai iaʻu e pili ana i nā hana ʻAmelika a me Pelekania "e lanakila i nā naʻau a me nā noʻonoʻo" ma Pashtun hema hema o Afghanistan. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia he haʻahaʻa ko lākou manawa e kūleʻa ai, ʻoiai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ua aʻo ʻia e ka ʻike iā ia kahi hiʻohiʻona nui o ka moʻomeheu Pashtun ʻo ia ka "inaina maoli lākou i nā haole".
ʻO ka hoʻolaha e pili ana i ka "kūkulu aupuni" e nā haole noho ma Afghanistan a me Iraq ke aloha mau a ʻaʻole maoli. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia ka manaʻo hoʻoholo aupuni e nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻoiai ʻo ko lākou manaʻo maikaʻi. Kūkākūkā mau lākou i ko lākou mau pono ponoʻī ma mua a ma hope, a ʻo ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ke aupuni Afghan iā lākou i hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i mua o nā maka o Afghans, me ka hoʻonele ʻana i nā aʻa i loko o ka hui Afghan.
ʻO ka nui o ke kālā i loaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻolilo ʻana o US i hana i kahi elite kleptocratic. Ua hoʻohana ka US i $ 144bn no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke kūkulu hou ʻana, akā aia kekahi 54 pākēneka o Afghans e noho ana ma lalo o ka laina ʻilihune, me ka loaʻa kālā ma lalo o $ 1.90 i ka lā.
Ua wehewehe mai kekahi hoa Afghan i hana mua ma United States Agency for International Development (USAID) i kekahi o nā mechanics o ka ulu ʻana o ka palaho. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua manaʻo nā luna kōkua ʻAmelika ma Kabul he mea pōʻino loa iā lākou ke kipa ponoʻī i nā papahana a lākou e hāʻawi kālā ai. Akā, ua noho lākou ma ko lākou mau keʻena pale nui a hilinaʻi i nā kiʻi a me nā wikiō e hōʻike iā lākou i ka holomua o nā papahana a lākou e uku nei.
I kekahi manawa, hoʻouna lākou i kahi limahana Afghan e like me koʻu hoaaloha e ʻike nona iho i ka mea e hana nei ma ka honua. Ma kāna kipa ʻana i Kandahar e nānā i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi mea kanu mea kanu mea kanu, ua ʻike ʻo ia he hui kūloko e like me kahi hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, no ka uku, e kiʻi i nā kiʻi hōʻoia o ka hana e holo nei. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻokoʻa a me kahi kāʻei kūpono, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i nā limahana i loko o kahi hale hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā kāloti a me nā ʻuala, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe mea like.
I kekahi manawa, ua ʻike ka luna kōkua o Afghan i nā hōʻike o ka hoʻopunipuni, ʻoiai i kēia manawa ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka hoʻāʻo e hūnā. Ma hope o ka ʻimi ʻole ʻana i kahi māla moa i kākoʻo ʻia akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i Jalalabad, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me nā mea nona nā mea nona, a kuhikuhi iā ia he ala lōʻihi ia e hoʻi i Kabul. I ka unuhi ʻana i kēia ma ke ʻano he hoʻoweliweli e pepehi iā ia inā hōʻike ʻo ia iā lākou, ua noho mālie ʻo ia a haʻalele i kāna hana ma hope koke iho.
Ua kūkulu nā kōkua haole i nā kula a me nā keʻena lapaʻau maoli, akā ua hoʻopau ka palaho i kēlā me kēia keʻena aupuni. Ma ka laina mua o ka pūʻali koa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā koa "ʻuhane", a me nā pūʻali koa o nā wahi hoʻoweliweli i waiho ʻia me ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻai a me nā mea kaua.
ʻAʻohe mea hou o kēia. Ke kipa ʻana iā Kabul a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki, ua manaʻo wau he kākoʻo liʻiliʻi ka Taliban, akā ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau i nā luna aupuni he mau parasites e hoʻopuni ʻia a kipi ʻia. Ma Kabul, kahi mea kūʻai waiwai waiwai - ʻaʻole kahi ʻoihana e aloha nui i ka hoʻololi radical - ua haʻi mai iaʻu he mea hiki ʻole i kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka palaho "e hoʻomau me ka ʻole o kahi kipi".
Akā, ua hiki i ke aupuni ke hiki i ka Taliban ke manaʻoʻiʻo hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi i ka mana i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ia ʻano manaʻo makaʻu i nā poʻe he nui. No ka laʻana, he aha ka pane a ka hapa liʻiliʻi o 4 miliona Hazara, he Shia ma ka hoʻomana a kokoke iā Iran? Ma mua o kēia makahiki, ua pepehi ʻia he 85 mau kaikamahine a me nā kumu Hazara ma Kabul i ko lākou haʻalele ʻana i kā lākou kula. E like me 2001, ua mamao loa ke kaua mau loa ma Afghanistan.
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