Piʻi akahele mākou i ke alapiʻi, ʻo ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka hale paʻa i hou ʻia e ka pōʻai māmā o koʻu hoa. Ma ka piko o ka pae ʻana, e hula ana ke kukui uila ma kahi kihi e like me Quafin, nāna i hāʻawi wale i kona inoa mua, kuhikuhi i ka umu. ʻO ia ke ʻeha; ʻO kēia hale - ʻaʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā hale waihona kālā ʻē aʻe ma ka poloka - ʻaʻole hiki ke noho ʻia.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia, sila ʻia, a ua hoʻoilo ʻia i ka mahina ʻo Iune 2010, e like me ka leka hoʻomaopopo ma ka paia i kau ʻia e BAC Field Services Corporation, kahi mahele o ka Bank of America. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ua pāpā loa ʻia ke komo ʻana e ka poʻe ʻae ʻole." Akā, ua poina loa ʻo Bank of America e pili ana i ka hale a me kāna koi e hoʻolako i ka "mālama a palekana” ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai e hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia ka waiwai. Ua hamama ka puka o lalo, ua moku ka paipu mai loko mai o na paia, a ua hooleleia ke kapena i ka wai. Ua kūʻai ka ʻohana hope i noho ma ʻaneʻi i ka hale no $175,000 i ka makahiki 2002; ʻewalu makahiki ma hope mai, ua koi ka panakō i $286,100 i nā koena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hala a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia.
ʻO Mei 2012 a aia mākou i Woodlawn, kahi kaiāulu ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Chicago. ʻO ka hui Quafin kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia iā lākou iho ʻo ka HIT Squad, pōkole no ka Housing Identification and Target. ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu, ʻo ia ka palapala ʻāina i nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka panakō me nā ʻauhau waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a huhū nui nā hoalauna no ka luku ʻana i ko lākou kaiāulu e noʻonoʻo e kākoʻo i kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻihoʻi i nā mea hoʻihoʻi.
"ʻO kēlā me kēia mea hiki iaʻu ke hana," haʻi aku kekahi wahine i ka hui ma hope o ka pōkole ʻana i kāna hoʻolālā e hoʻoponopono hou i nā hale paʻa a neʻe i nā ʻohana me ka ʻole o nā hale. Kuhikuhi ʻo ia ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke alanui i kahi wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka papa hae hae - "Ka Hale mālama keiki o Grandma: E hoʻopaʻa inoa i kēia manawa!" - a me kahi helu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Aia he 20 mau hale waihona kālā e like me ia ma kahi radius ʻelima. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā moʻolelo he ʻelima mau makahiki i hala i ka ʻauhau waiwai.
Ma kahi o nā paia o waho ma mua, ʻo kekahi mau hale e pāʻani ana i nā lua i ʻā ʻia mai ke ahi i hoʻā ʻia e ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo nei e noho mahana. I ka makahiki 2011, ua make ʻelua mau mea puhi ahi o Chicago i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e kinai i ke ahi ma kahi hale hakahaka. I kēia manawa, aia nā hale ma ka ʻaoʻao hema pockmarked me ka ʻulaʻula Xs, e hōʻike ana i nā wahi i manaʻoʻiʻo ai ke keʻena kinai ahi ʻaʻole maikaʻi. Ma nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe - Hawaii, Hawaii, a Nuioka, e inoa i nā hiʻohiʻona hou - ua pahū nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope o ka poina ʻana o nā ʻaelike panakō e hoʻopau i ke kinoea.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale i noho ʻia ma ke kaiāulu a mākou e kipa aku nei e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi: "Mai pana," heluhelu lākou ma nā leka i kau ʻia ma luna o ka maka o kahi keiki, "Makemake au e ulu." Ma nā hale o ka panakō, ua hoʻololi ʻia kēlā mau hōʻailona e nā kiaʻi puka kila kila kaumaha. ("Ke hana nei mākou me nā ʻano lawelawe āpau, nā mea hoʻokipa, ka hoʻokele waiwai, a me nā luna waiwai panakō, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki a maʻalahi i kou hale i hiki iā ʻoe ke neʻe aku," ke hoʻonani ʻO nā ʻōnaehana kiaʻi puka a me nā puka makani, kahi hui alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka "ʻoihana palekana hale.")
ʻO nā hale pōʻino ka mea i waiho ʻole ʻia me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, ka ʻōpala a me nā ʻōmole vodka Cobra. Hoʻokokoke mākou i kahi iʻa ʻala o ka iʻa tuna a hoʻāʻo e pana i ka puka o lalo, paʻa wale ʻia e kahi uwea palupalu. ʻO ka hoalauna ʻē aʻe, e hoʻi ana i ka home, nīnau: "Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ua pepehi lākou i kekahi ma kēlā kua o kēia kakahiaka?"
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea like me ka heluna kanaka o Michigan
Mai ka makahiki 2007, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka pilikia foreclosure ma kahi o 10 miliona mau kānaka mai ʻehā miliona mau hale ma ka ʻāina. Ua kipaku ʻia nā ʻohana mai nā colonial a me nā bungalows, nā A-frames a me nā pōhaku brown ʻohana ʻelua, nā hale kaʻa a me nā ranches, nā hale hale a me nā mea ʻoki kuki i hana mua ʻia i ulu aʻe ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II. ʻO ka poʻe i haʻalele ʻia he poʻe ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemakule, nā waiwai a me nā ʻilihune, a me kēlā me kēia lāhui, ka lāhui, a me ka hoʻomana. Hoʻohui lākou i ka heluna kanaka a pau o Michigan.
Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kaiāulu ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe no ke ʻano o nā hōʻaiʻē predatory i alakaʻi i ka hoʻokuke ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻokele waiwai o 2007-2008. I ke kiʻekiʻe o ka boom hōʻaiʻē rapacious, aneane 50% ʻO nā hōʻaiʻē āpau i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻohana ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i manaʻo ʻia he "subprime." ʻO ka New York Times i ho'ākākaʻia ʻO kēia mau ʻaelike ma ke ʻano he "bomb manawa kālā."
I ka makahiki a me ka hapa i hala aku nei, ua hele au ma na wahi he nui o keia mau kaiāulu, e hoike ana i na nee o na kumu o ke ku e ana i ka paa ana a me ka nee ana e ulu mai ana ma hope o ka pahū. Ua hōʻoia kēia mau hana kaiāulu i ka noʻonoʻo, hoʻoulu, a me ka maikaʻi pinepine - akā i loko o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale he nui, ʻo ka ʻāina i hoʻokumu i ke kua i kahi neʻe o ka manaʻolana ʻo ia kekahi o ka luku nui loa. Nui nā mea i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka "Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Bank-Mami!" kaʻa kaʻa laina alanui. Hoʻolimalima nā kūlanakauhale i nā ʻaelike i kapa ʻia ʻo "Blackwater Bailiffs" e hoʻomau i ka wikiwiki me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokuke ʻana.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohuli ka pilikia paʻa i nā kaiāulu ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i nā ʻāpana hakakā, i haehae ʻia ma waena o kahi mākeke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ola ponoʻī a me nā kaiāulu e hoʻonohonoho nei e pale i ko lākou mau kaiāulu. ʻO ka nui aʻe o koʻu ʻimi ʻana i ia mau wahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻaʻole ʻo ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai e hele nei ʻaʻole wale ka manaʻo a i ʻole ka metaphorical.
"ʻO ka neʻe ʻana i loko ke kumu o ka hakakā," wehewehe ʻo J.R. Fleming, ka luna o ka Chicago Anti-Eviction Campaign. "A ʻaʻohe ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua e hoʻoikaika i ka neʻe ʻana i loko a hoʻohālike he mea ʻē aʻe."
Kipaku ʻia ma Gunpoint
ʻEkolu o ke kakahiaka i ka manawa he ʻumi mau mākaʻi holo moku huki ʻia i ka hale paʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Atlanta kahi i noho ai ʻo Christine Frazer a me kona ʻohana. Ua hoopaapaa ia ka helu pololei o na makai nui a me na elele i hiki mai; Ua hōʻike ka lekiō kūloko i ka 25, ʻoiai ʻo Frazer i hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike ʻana ma waena o 40 a me 50.
Ua wili ʻia e kahi locksmith i nā laka o ka hale a ua pohā aku nā mākaʻi i loko o ka hale me nā kukui uila a me nā pū lima.
"ʻO wai ma ka hale?" hoʻōho lākou. Ma waho aʻe o Frazer, he wahine kāne make me ke aloha leo i ke Man Above, aia ʻekolu mau kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe: kona makuahine he 85 makahiki, kāna kaikamahine makua, a me kāna moʻopuna ʻehā makahiki. Hoʻomaka wikiwiki nā mea. Hoʻopili ka mālama holoholona i nā holoholona. Ua ʻōlelo nā luna i nā wahine e ʻaʻahu. Hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau? i ninau aku ai o Frazer. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe aia ke ahi i loko o kou hale, wahi a ka luna.
"Hele mai lākou i koʻu home me he mea lā he mea kūʻai lāʻau wau," ʻo ia i haʻi aku i nā mea hoʻolaha ma hope. I loko o nā hola ʻehiku e hiki mai ana, ua huki nā luna i nā mea āpau o kona home a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke alanui e pale aku i nā hoaaloha mai ke kōkua ʻana iā ia e kiʻi i kāna mau mea.
"ʻAʻohe oʻu manaʻo i hea kahi o kaʻu mau mea nani, nā mea aʻu i kūʻai ai i koʻu wā he 30 mau makahiki," wahi a Frazer. “He kanaonokūmākolu koʻu. Kiola wale lākou i nā mea āpau ma nā wahi āpau, helter-skelter ma ka lau mua i ka pōʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka hoʻokuke ʻana i hoʻohuli ʻia i hoʻāla i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma Atlanta i ka wā i hana ʻia ai i ka pūnāwai o 2012, ma kahi hapa no ka mea he noi ʻo Frazer i ka ʻaha federal e noho ai i ka kipaku ʻana, a ma kekahi hapa no ka mea he mea komo ʻo ia no Occupy Homes Atlanta . Akā ʻo kēia ʻano o ka hoʻouka kaua kaua ka hopena i ka wā e hui ai nā kaiāulu - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kala - e kūʻē i ka kipaku ʻana.
I ka wā i hoʻāʻo ai ʻo Nicole Shelton e hoʻi i kona home i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana pā picket ma North Carolina, ʻo ka ʻoihana mākaʻi o Raleigh. hoouna i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ʻumi mau mākaʻi a me kahi hui SWAT ʻewalu kanaka. Ua lako nā luna me nā pū mīkini M5. Ua uwo ka helikopa ma luna. Ma Bosetona, hoʻomanaʻo kekahi mea hoʻonohonoho me ka hui kaiaulu ʻo City Life/Vida Urbana i ka hana ʻino loa o nā mākaʻi i ka hoʻokuke ʻia ʻana ma kahi kaiāulu Haitian i hiki ai i ke kupuna wahine o ka ʻohana. ua loaʻa ka puʻuwai puʻuwai pololei ma ke alahele.
A i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole pono ke kūʻē. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Chicago, wehewehe ʻo Toussaint Losier, he mea hoʻonohonoho kaiaulu e hoʻopau ana i kāna Ph.D. ma ke Kulanui o Kikako, "Hiki lākou i ka puka, a aia ma kahi o ka pū e kipaku ʻia ai ʻoe."
ʻO nā pio ma ʻAmelika
Ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā foreclosures - a me kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho kūʻē - i nā kaiāulu keʻokeʻo nui hoʻi. Ua wehewehe ʻo Kevin Kirkman, ke kāpena o ka māhele kīwila o ke keʻena o ka mākaʻi o Lee County, "Loaʻa iaʻu nā pepa [kipaku] he nui ma ʻaneʻi, he mea hiki ʻole ke manaʻoʻiʻo."
Nui aʻe ma mua o 75% ʻO ka poʻe noho ma ke Kalana Lee o North Carolina he keʻokeʻo. Akā ke ʻike nei ʻo Kirkman i nā hopena ripple o ka paʻa paʻa nui ma aneʻi. "Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻoe e pili ana i kahi ʻōpala kahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia ai nā mea he nui. Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻoe e pili ana i nā ʻauhau, e pili ana i nā kūʻai kūʻai aku inā neʻe nā kānaka, e pili ana i nā lawelawe meaʻai, e pili ana i ka ʻaila. ʻIke ʻoe i kaʻu e kamaʻilio nei? Ke nalowale ʻoe i kahi ʻohana ma ke kaiāulu? Haʻalele kekahi poʻe i ke kaiāulu. Ua ʻike au i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka poʻe i ka mokuʻāina ʻo North Carolina.
Ua ʻōlelo hou ʻo ia, "E ʻoiaʻiʻo wau iā ʻoe, ʻo koʻu manaʻo ʻaʻole wau e hana i kēia mau kipaku."
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pilikia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻAmelika i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka mea a Wall Street a me nā panakō i hoʻokau ai, ma ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo, ma nā kaiāulu ʻAmelika. E like me ka helu ʻole ʻana o nā palapala leaked, nā manaʻo o loko, a me na waiho ana o ka Oihana Hookolokolo hōʻike, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia kēlā mau kaiāulu no nā moraki ʻino loa. Ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai moraki mua ʻo Wells Fargo wehewehe i loko o kahi ʻōlelo hoʻohiki, "Ua kau ka hui i nā 'bounties' i nā mea hōʻaiʻē liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia kaʻu manaʻo ua loaʻa i nā luna hōʻaiʻē nā mea hoʻoikaika kālā e kūʻai ikaika i nā hōʻaiʻē subprime i nā kaiāulu liʻiliʻi.
Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kēia koi ʻana i nā hōʻaiʻē predatory no ka mea ua pōloli kēia mau kaiāulu i nā moraki no nā makahiki he mau makahiki ma muli o ka hōʻole ʻana o ka Federal Housing Authority e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā hōʻaiʻē i nā kaiāulu kala. E like me kā Mike Fannon, ka hoa hoʻomohala no ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma Detroit, Charles H. Wright, i wehewehe, "ʻO nā panakō like i hōʻole i ke kapikala i kēia manawa ua hoʻopiʻi nui loa i ke kumulāʻau ʻawaʻawa a hoʻopau i ka hoʻokele waiwai kūloko."
ʻO ka hopena, e like me ka 2012 National Fair Housing Alliance hoike, ʻo ia ka "pohō nui loa o ka waiwai no kēia mau kaiāulu i ka mōʻaukala hou." Ma waena o 2009 a me 2012, ua nalowale nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma lalo o $ 200 biliona i ka waiwai, e lawe ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka waiwai keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele. 20: 1 lākiō.
Aia kekahi ala lōʻihi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka lāhui ma ke pāʻani ʻana ma ʻaneʻi, kahi moʻolelo e hana ai i ka pilikia foreclosure a me kahi mokuna ʻē aʻe i kahi epic a me ka ʻimi hoʻomau no ka home. Mai ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kuʻikahi paʻa, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he ʻāina hoʻokipa ʻole no ka poʻe ʻeleʻele. He kanalima makahiki aku nei, ua hoʻokani ʻo Martin Luther King iā W.E.B. Dubois i ka haʻi ʻana e ʻike mau ana ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika iā ia iho i ke pio ʻana i kona ʻāina ponoʻī. I kēia lā, paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻole i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i ka ʻikepili helu helu 2010, kahi e ʻoluʻolu ʻole ai nā palapala ʻāina i ka ʻike ʻana o nā hale hakahaka a me nā palapala ʻāina e ana i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like like, kokoke i kahi pāʻani.
E like me Ben Austen kakau iho la i ka New York Times Magazine, "Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka US Postal Service, ka mea e hahai ana i kēia mau helu, he 62,000 mau waiwai ma Chicago i hakahaka i ka hopena o ka makahiki i hala, me ʻelua hapakolu o lākou i hui pū ʻia me he mea lā e hana i kahi lua i loko o kekahi mau wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka Hema a me ke Komohana. ʻaoʻao.” ʻO keʻano likeʻole kaʻoiaʻiʻo ma nā kūlanakauhale a puni ka'āina. A i ka wā e noho kaʻawale ai ka hale ma ia mau kaiāulu, ʻaʻohe mea e neʻe hou i loko.
Hoʻomaka ka hewa ma luna
"He mau feces i loko o ka basement, urine, ʻōwili ʻia ka ʻōpala," wahi a Thomas Turner, kahi mea hana hale ma Chicago e wehewehe ana i loko o kahi hale paʻa, nona ka manawa, e like me nā hoalauna, e kahi kanaka 80 makahiki. Ma lalo o ke kuleana o ka PNC panakō ma Pittsburgh, wehewehe ʻo Turner, "Ua haʻalele ʻia no nā makahiki ʻeono, no laila ua kī ʻia nā lua o nā paia o ka poʻe squatters a me nā ʻaihue. ʻAʻohe hale ʻauʻau, ʻaʻohe pā, ua haehae ʻia nā keʻena kīhini a pau. ʻIke ʻia ka lumi moe me he mea lā ua lawe kekahi i ka hāmare a hoʻomaka wale e kowali… ʻike mau au i nā lālā gang ma ka lānai mua a i ʻole e ʻōwili lohi ana i loko o ke kaʻa.
ʻO kekahi kamaʻāina ʻo Chicago, ʻo Erica Johnson, i wehewehe like i kahi hale hakahaka. "He mau lole, nā puke, nā ʻaʻahu haʻihaʻi, nā ʻeke lāʻau keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi, nā condoms i hoʻohana ʻia," wahi āna. "He hale lāʻau liʻiliʻi ia, a ke lawe nei paha lākou i kā lākou mau kaikamahine i luna nei."
Ua lilo kekahi mau hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mau hale hoʻokamakama, e like me ka hale nona ka Deutsche Bank ma South Los Angeles kahi o nā kaikamahine. nā inoa a me nā kumukūʻai ua kahakaha ʻia me ka māka uliuli ma nā paia o luna. ʻO kekahi poʻe e lilo i mau lab meth a i ʻole nā hui huna.
Ke kōkua nei kēia mau hale hakahaka i ka panakō i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hewa a me ka ʻilihune i nā kaiāulu pilikia - he ʻoiaʻiʻo i ʻike ʻia iaʻu i koʻu hele ʻana me Dorian Morris, kahi mea nānā hale i hōʻoia ʻia, ma kekahi o kāna mau noiʻi o nā hale hakahaka ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Minneapolis. Ua hoʻolaha nā hōʻailona ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia hale i ke koʻikoʻi o ka pilikia o ka hale ma kēia wahi: nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo "no trespassing" i nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka papa a me nā mea ʻulaʻula "kū pū, hoʻōki i ka paʻa" ma nā wahi e kākoʻo ana iā Occupy Homes Minneapolis. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumikūmālua, ʻo ka hōʻailona wale nō i noho ai kekahi ʻohana ma laila he koʻokoʻo metala ʻulaʻula ʻili e hōʻailona ana i kahi i kū ai kahi hale i ʻoki ʻia.
E like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i hoʻopilikia ʻia ma ka ʻāina, ua hoʻonohonoho ka poʻe noho ma ʻaneʻi e hoʻōki i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ka panakō mai ka wehe ʻana i ka waiwai mai ke kaiāulu. No ka laʻana, ua kōkua ke kākoʻo kaiāulu i kahi makuahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Monique White i lanakila i kona kipaku ʻia ʻana ma kahi hoolaha nui ia eono mahina kaua kūʻē iā US Bank he mau pule wale nō ma mua o koʻu hiki ʻana. Eia naʻe, ke ʻai nei nā kipaku pau ʻole i ke kūpaʻa o ke kaiāulu.
"He hale ʻaina ʻike ʻia kēlā," wahi a Morris, ʻoiai ʻo ia e kuhikuhi ana i kahi hale pōhaku ma lalo o 100 mau mika mai kahi paka o ke kaiāulu. ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā hale i ʻike ʻia ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I loko o ʻelima mau minuke, ua hala mākou i ʻelua mau hale noho mua āna i ʻike ai he mau hale lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa a me kahi lima ʻē aʻe āna i ʻōlelo ai ua hoʻouka ʻia e nā mākaʻi - nā hale paʻa a pau kahi i noho ai nā ʻohana.
I ko mākou kaʻa ʻana, ua kūkākūkā mākou i ke kaulahao o nā hanana i hoʻololi i kēia mau hale i mau lua lāʻau. Hoʻomaka nā hewa ma luna. Ua kūʻai aku nā panakō i nā moraki ʻona e like me ka crack, e uku ana i nā limahana kālā e hoʻoikaika iā lākou i nā kaiāulu ʻAmelika. ʻO nā hōʻaiʻē hoʻopā, pēlā lākou hoʻopukapuka miliona o nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki paʻa e wikiwiki i ka hoʻokuke aupuni.
I ka wā hakahaka nā hale, ʻaʻole lawa ka sila a mālama ʻia e nā mea hana panakō, e ʻae ana i nā mea komo e wehe i nā hale o kā lākou uwea keleawe, paipu, a i kekahi manawa i ka umu ahi. ʻO ke keleawe wale nō ke kūʻai aku nei mai 50 keneta a hiki i ke kālā no ka paona. ʻO ka hope, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e kūʻai aku i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā hale i ka pō ma ke ʻano he kikowaena hoʻolaha. Ke kauo nei ka hewa o ke alanui i ka waiwai o ka waiwai e pili ana, e hooikaika ana i ka paa ana a me ke kipaku ana. A no laila ke hoʻomau nei ka pōʻai.
Ua ʻae ʻia nā panakō e mālama a kūʻai aku i kā lākou mau waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, akā haʻalele pinepine lākou i kēlā mau kuleana - ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kaiāulu kala. Ma kahi hoʻokolokolo o nā hale ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,000 a puni ka ʻāina, ka National Fair Housing Alliance Loaʻa ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka graffiti a me ka pena ʻili ʻana o nā hale panakō ma nā kaiāulu ʻulaʻula ma mua o nā hale ma nā wahi keʻokeʻo, nā ʻōpala a me nā lau make e waiho ʻia ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke alahele, nā laka paʻa ʻole ma nā puka, a nalowale nā hōʻailona "no ke kūʻai aku". ma ko lakou mau lau mua.
ʻO nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ia mau kaiāulu he 80% ʻoi aʻe ka loaʻa ʻana o ka puka makani i haki ʻia a paʻa paha, a ʻo 30% ʻoi aku ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpala ma ka lau mua. Ma hope o kahi hoʻopiʻi, ʻo Wells Fargo uku $42 miliona e hoʻoholo i nā kumu no ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻokae lāhui; liʻiliʻi nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana ua loli ka hana mai ia manawa. Ua hoʻonui nā kūlanakauhale i nā uku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā panakō i mālama ʻole i ko lākou mau hale, akā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia kahi panakō hoʻokahi no ke kūʻai ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pepehi kanaka, a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa i hana ʻia ma ko lākou mau waiwai mālama ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka "hewa" wale nō a lākou e hopohopo nei i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai ka poʻe hana kaiāulu e hoʻoponopono i kēlā mau hale a neʻe i nā ʻohana i loko - e hana ana i ka hana i manaʻo ʻia e hana ai ka panakō. A laila kāhea nā panakō i nā mākaʻi e hopu i nā "mea lawehala."
Wahi Mohai
ʻO nā kūlana ʻelua i ka mālama ʻana i ka waiwai e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano "pilikia loa" i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka home: ʻo kēia mau hale i haʻalele ʻole ʻia, kū ʻole ʻia i nā kaiāulu o ka waihoʻoluʻu, e hopu pinepine ʻia e nā mea hoʻopukapuka ma mua o nā ʻohana. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka Blackstone Group ka mea hoʻopukapuka koho, kekahi o nā ʻoihana kūʻokoʻa pilikino nui loa o ka honua a i kēia manawa ka mea nona nā hale ʻohana hoʻokahi o ka lāhui. Mai ʻApelila 2012, ua loaʻa iā Blackstone ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 4.5 biliona ke kūʻai aku nei ma kahi o 30,000 mau hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kūlanakauhale i paʻa ʻia e ka paʻa ʻana, me Atlanta, Jacksonville, Orlando, Chicago, Charlotte, Phoenix, a me nā wahi kaona ma Kaleponi. Wahi a nā mea kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai kūloko, kūʻai pinepine ka hui i kāna kūʻai kālā.
ʻO ka manaʻo he nui ke kālā e loaʻa i nā ʻāina hoʻolimalima i kēia mau lā, no ka mea aia he mau miliona o ka poʻe i hoʻoneʻe ʻia, nā mea hale mua me nā helu hōʻaiʻē i ʻoki ʻia e ʻimi nei i nā wahi e noho ai. Ua like ia me kahi pāʻani uku no ka pāʻani o nā noho mele - koe wale nō ʻo Wall Street nona ka stereo, nā mea haʻiʻōlelo, nā noho, a me ka hale, a i ka wā e pau ai ke mele, e hele mau ʻoe i waho.
ʻO nā hale hakahaka, inā paha e nā panakō a i ʻole Blackstone, e hana i nā spiral foreclosure, e huki ana kēlā me kēia hale hakahaka i nā waiwai waiwai o nā hoalauna, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ka loaʻa kālā ʻauhau waiwai o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka hiki o ke aupuni kūloko e hoʻolako i nā lawelawe pono. Nā kula pani ma Piladelepia a me Kikako. Nā halemai i pani ʻia ma Cleveland. Nā papahana kiʻekiʻe i hōʻoki ʻia ma Baltimore. ʻO kēia mau lawelawe koʻikoʻi a pau, i hoʻopau pinepine ʻia i nā kaiāulu kala, ʻo ia ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi o ka pilikia foreclosure.
A 2011 moʻolelo e ka US Government Accountability Office, i waiho ʻia i ka House Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o ka ʻumi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana o nā loaʻa ʻauhau ma muli o nā hakahaka i alakaʻi ai i nā kūlanakauhale e ʻoki i ke kālā no nā hana aupuni, nā hale waihona puke, nā paka, nā papahana leʻaleʻa, a me ke kula. apana. Ua ʻoki ʻia kekahi kūlanakauhale i kahi papahana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoponopono i nā waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, mahalo ʻia i kahi pōkole loaʻa kālā.
ʻO ka hopena dystopian hope loa o kēia spiral ka mea a ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Naomi Klein inoa kaulana ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka haʻalulu: ua hoʻokau ʻia kahi pilikia a hiki i ka hopena ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke komo ʻana o waho (heluhelu: privatization). ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hopena a mākou e ʻike nei i kēia manawa ma Michigan, kahi, e like me a ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ka ʻaha ʻO ka pule i hala aku nei, "ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi banekorupa hou o Detroit e hoʻokūpaʻa wale ana i nā hopena ākea o ka hōʻaiʻē predatory a me nā paʻa i hiki ʻole ke hopena." Aia paha kēlā kūlanakauhale i ka panakalupa nui loa o ka moku'āina ma ka mōʻaukala ʻAmelika, akā ʻaʻole like i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā panakō nui a me nā hui kālā nunui i ka lihi o ka hāʻule ʻana, ua loaʻa iā Pelekikena Obama. hoakaka i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe piliona kālā federal bailout.
"Me ka neʻe ʻana o ka lehulehu, ua pau ia i kahi kūlana e like ai ka poʻe, 'ʻAe, pono mākou e hoʻomake i kēlā mau hale,'" i ʻōlelo mai ai ka mea hoʻonohonoho ʻo Chicago ʻo Toussaint Losier iaʻu. "E lilo lākou i wahi ʻālana ma mua o nā wahi e lawe mai ai nā kānaka i nā hopena noʻonoʻo."
Ka Palekaua a me ka pahikaua
ʻO nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻonohonoho kaiāulu ke hāpai nei i ka hana Herculean o ka pale ʻana i kēlā mau kaiāulu i haʻalele ʻia e ke aupuni federal.
"E nānā, inā makemake ʻoe e lawe i ko mākou home, he hana kaua ia," wahi a Losier, no laila ʻo ka pane a kāna hui, "ka pahi kaua a me ka pale kaua." He hoʻolālā ia i aʻo ai mai ka hui anti-foreclosure ʻo Boston City Life/Vida Urbana. Hōʻike ka pale i ka pale kānāwai haʻahaʻa loa i hāʻawi ʻia i nā poʻe ma lalo o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokolokolo e hāʻawi i nā kuleana ʻoi aku i nā panakō ma mua o lākou - a ʻae. hooponopono hewa ole no ka mea i hopu ʻia ka poʻe ikaika e uhai ana i ke kānāwai. (Ma ka hihia o nā hewa foreclosure, e nānā i ka laʻana $ 335 miliona Bank of America hoʻokaʻawale hoʻoholo i ka makahiki 2011, ka $ 26 ieeeea? robo-signing settlement in 2012, and the $ 8.5 ieeeea? ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā paʻa hewa i ka makahiki 2013.)
Hōʻike ka pahi kaua i nā hana - mai nā palapala noi a i nā blockades eviction - i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻōki i nā kipaku a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaiāulu. A ʻae, aia kahi pahi kaua-a-pale i hana ʻia ma ke keʻena City Life ma Bosetona. Pono ka poʻe i hele mua i nā hālāwai pule o ka hui e kau i ka pahi kaua ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo a ʻōlelo lākou ua mākaukau lākou e hakakā no ko lākou mau home. "A laila e hakakā mākou me ʻoe!" hauʻoli ke koena o ka hui.
Ma ka ʻāina, hoʻolaha nā kaiāulu kala i kēia mau hoʻolālā ʻelua, a ʻo ka hapakolu e hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo "ka peʻa pena": nā hana hoʻomohala e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mea hou ma waena o ka pōʻino. Ma Detroit a me Philadelphia, ke kanu nei nā kaiāulu i nā māla kaiāulu i nā haneli o nā wahi hakahaka. Ma Bosetona, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahi pūʻulu o nā mea hana kaiāulu i kā lākou poloka a hoʻolei i ka ʻōpala - i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka pā o mua o kahi hale paʻa ʻia ʻo Bank of America - ma ka puka o ka pōhaku brown a ka pelekikena panakō kūloko.
Ma Minnesota a me Kaleponi, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka politika i koi ʻia i nā ʻahaʻōlelo mokuʻāina e hoʻopaʻa i nā palapala kuleana ʻelua o ka ʻāina. A Barclays Ua hoʻopiʻi ka hōʻike ma hope "ua lilo ka poʻe lawelawe i mea makaʻala loa i ka wā e hoʻokō ai i nā kūʻai paʻa" ma muli o ke kānāwai. Ma Chicago, ke hoʻoponopono hou nei nā hui hoʻokuʻu hale a noho i nā waiwai hakahaka, ʻoiai nā hui anti-violence e komo ana i nā hakakā i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻilihune a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka lehulehu.
ʻO nā hale ʻelua ʻo Chicago i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a Thomas Turner lāua ʻo Erica Johnson i hōʻike ai ua hoʻopiha ʻia i nā feces, hoʻohana i nā condom, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa ua maʻemaʻe, pena ʻia a noho ʻia. Hoʻopili pū ʻo Turner i nā manu liʻiliʻi poni ma nā paia o kāna i hana ai. Akā ʻo ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pilikia - poina ʻia e kahi media makemake nui piʻi waiwai home ma mua o nā leka hoʻokuke - koi ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono kaiāulu a me ka hoʻoponopono kālā. Ke koi nei mākou e nīnau, a e noʻonoʻo hou i kahi ʻōnaehana o ka ʻona waiwai i pale aku i nā ʻāpana nui o ka heluna kanaka mai ka hoʻoholo maoli ʻana e pili ana i nā kaiāulu a lākou e noho nei. A inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nei he pilikia kēia no ʻAmelika ʻeleʻele wale nō, e noʻonoʻo hou. E like me ka New York Times i aʻoʻia i ʻApelila, "Aia hou ka poʻe alchemists o Wall Street… e hoʻolaʻa hou ana i nā ʻano kālā like ʻole a ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻia ua hala no ka maikaʻi."
ʻO ka nīnau inā, i kēia manawa a puni, e ʻike mākou i kā lākou potion no ke aha ia: ka mea ʻawaʻawa e hoʻoweliweli ana e hoʻohuli i kēlā me kēia o mākou, e like me ka W.E.B. Ua kākau ʻo Dubois, i "ka mea i hoʻokuke ʻia a me kahi malihini i koʻu hale ponoʻī."
He mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Laura Gottesdiener, ka mea hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono, a me ka mea kākau o ʻO kahi moeʻuhane i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: ʻAmelika ʻeleʻele a me ka hakakā no kahi wahi e kāhea aku ai i ka home, paʻi ʻia i kēia mahina e Zuccotti Park Press. He mea hoʻoponopono pili ʻo ia no Waging Nonviolence, a ua kākau ʻo ia no ʻO Rolling Stone, Me Mike makakini, ka ʻO ka Repubalikaʻo Arizona, AlterNet, a me nā puke ʻē aʻe. ʻO kāna mua kēia ʻO TomDispatch ʻāpana. Noho ʻo ia a hana i ka People's Kitchen i ka wā o ka noho ʻana ma Zuccotti Park.
Uaʻike muaʻia kēiaʻatikala ʻO TomDispatch.com, he weblog o ka Nation Institute, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kahe mau o nā kumu ʻē aʻe, nā nūhou, a me nā manaʻo mai Tom Engelhardt, ka mea hoʻoponopono lōʻihi i ka paʻi ʻana, ka mea hoʻokumu o ka Papahana Aupuni ʻAmelika, Mea kākau o ka Ka hopena o ka lanakila, e like me ka moʻolelo, Na la hope o ka hoolaha ana. ʻO kāna puke hou loa ʻO ke ala kaua ʻAmelika: Pehea i lilo ai nā kaua a Bush iā Obama (Haymarket Books).
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.
E Makana mai