Nā kiʻi a me ka hōʻike ʻana e edward garcia
Ua popopo kekahi mea ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Michigan.
Ua haʻalele kekahi kūlanakauhale i ka haʻi ʻana i kona poʻe kamaʻāina ua hoʻopiha ʻia kāna lako wai me nā kemika maʻi kanesa. Ua hoʻopau kekahi i kāna apana kula aupuni a hoʻololi iā ia me kahi ʻōnaehana kula charter, akā e ʻike i ka ʻoihana hoʻokele waiwai āna i hoʻolimalima ai e holo i ke kahua ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ka loaʻa kālā. Nui nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ʻāpana kula o ka mokuʻāina i kēia manawa e nā ʻenehana hoʻokahi i koho ʻia e ka mokuʻāina, e like me ka mea i ʻae ʻia ma lalo o ke kānāwai hoʻokele waiwai pilikia i hoʻopuka ʻia e Rick Snyder, ke kiaʻāina hoʻolaha austerity o Michigan. ʻAʻole ʻae wale kēia kānāwai i ka poʻe i ko lākou mau kuleana koho kūloko, akā hāʻawi i ka mea i koho ʻia e Snyder i ka mana e hana i nā mea āpau, me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ponoʻī - nā mea āpau (ʻaʻohe mea ʻino) ma ka inoa ʻo "kuleana kālā."
Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nei, "ʻO wai ka manaʻo?" no ka mea e noho ana ka mea i Michigan ma Michigan, e noʻonoʻo hou. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomalu koʻikoʻi o ke kaulike kaulike o ka mokuʻāina ua laha aku ma waho o kona mau palena. I Ianuali, ua koho ʻo Kiaʻāina ʻo New Jersey ʻo Chris Christie i loio panakalupa a me ka luna hoʻokele pilikia ʻo Detroit ma mua ʻo Kevyn Orr i "kākā kānāwai" i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Atlantic. ʻO ka ʻO Detroit Free Press i ho'ākākaʻia ʻO ka neʻe ʻana ma ke ʻano he "hoʻopiʻi mokuʻāina e like me kā Gov. Rick Snyder komo ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Motor City."
A i kēia pūnāwai, ma waena o ka hullabaloo o nā Repubalika e komo ana i ka heihei pelekikena 2016, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Kiaʻāina Snyder i kāna huakaʻi aupuni ponoʻī kuai "ka moʻolelo ʻo Michigan i ke koena o ka ʻāina." Ua hoʻolako kālā ʻia kāna huakaʻi e kahi mea waiwai ʻole (hānai ʻia, maʻamau, e nā haʻawina i ʻike ʻole ʻia) i kapa ʻia ʻo "Making Government Accountable: The Michigan Story."
I ka nui o Michiganders, he mea hoʻohenehene kēia e like me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Jeb Bush i kahi PAC super i kapa ʻia ʻo "Making Iraq Free: The Bush Family Story." ʻAʻole hoʻolālā ʻo Snyder e komo i ka heihei ʻiole pelekikena. Akā, ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo ia e hoʻokō i ke ʻano o ka politika austerity a Michigan a me kāna kau inoa ʻana i ke kānāwai hoʻokele ulia pōpilikia. ʻoi aku i ka hapalua o ka mokuʻāina ʻApelika ʻAmelika kamaʻāina o ko lākou kuleana koho pāloka i ka makahiki 2013 a me 2014.
I ka holo ʻana o ke kiaʻāina a puni ka ʻāina, ua hoʻoholo wau me ka mea paʻi kiʻi ʻo Ann Arbor ʻo Eduardo García e hoʻomaka i ka mea a mākou i manaʻo ai he ʻelua pule ʻo Magical Michigan Tour. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole mākou e kaʻa i kahi kaʻa kaʻa kaʻaahi psychedelic i kāhiko ʻia - ua hoʻohana mākou i ka hapa nui o ka huakaʻi ma Prius 2005 o koʻu kupunawahine - akā naʻe, he mea kupanaha kā mākou huakaʻi. Mai ke kapa komohana hema o Lake Michigan a hiki i ka aoao hikina o ka peninsula, ua kaapuni makou i ka mokuaina e kipa aku ana i na kulanakauhale oi aku mamua o ka hapalua kakini e ike ai ina he aoao o ka moolelo o ke kiaaina a ina paha o Michigan maoli, e like me ka olelo a kekahi kanaka Detroit. "he hoʻokolohua nui i ka wehe ʻana i ka demokala US."
Hoʻokahi: Kaua Wai ma Flint
I ko mākou hōʻea ʻana, kahe ka huakaʻi mai ke ala ala i mua o ka hale ʻaha kūkā o ke kūlanakauhale.
"E ho'ōki i ka make ʻana i kā mākou mau keiki!" oli i kahi kaikamahine liʻiliʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lehulehu ma ke alanui ʻo Saginaw Hema, ka mea huki nui o ke kūlanakauhale. Aia mākou ma Flint, Michigan, kahi i paʻa i nā poʻo poʻomanaʻo i ka makahiki i hala no kona wai ʻeleʻele, kemika, a me ka wai ʻona. ʻO kahi wahine lauoho keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e nalu i kahi hue galani i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai ʻulaʻula mai kāna kīwī home. "ʻAʻole lākou manaʻo e pepehi lākou iā mākou!" uē ʻo ia.
Loaʻa iā mākou ʻo Claire McClinton, ka mea nāna i hoʻonohonoho kupuna wahine o ka Flint Democracy Defense League, ke hoʻokokoke aku nei mākou i ka muliwai Flint. He ʻāina hoʻolei lōʻihi ia no nā hale hana ma mua o ka muliwai o Ford Motor Company a, ʻoiai hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ia wale nō ke kumu o ka wai inu o ke kūlanakauhale. Ma ka lā 25 o ʻApelila, 2014, ma ke aʻo ʻana a ka luna ulia pōpilikia o ke kūlanakauhale, ua hoʻōki ʻo Flint i ke kūʻai ʻana i kāna mau lako mai ka Detroit Water and Sewerage Department a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e huki i ka wai mai ka muliwai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mālama kālā ʻana. $ 12 miliona he makahiki. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa: hoʻomaka nā kānaka e maʻi.
Mai ia manawa, loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua 'akomi i E. coli a me ka bacteria fecal i loko o ka wai, a me pae kiʻekiʻe of trihalomethanes, he mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika carcinogenic i kapa ʻia ʻo THMs. No nā mahina, ua hūnā ke kūlanakauhale i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā THM, a hiki i nā makahiki ke alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka hōʻole ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa, a me nā kīnā hānau. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia e nā kamaʻāina ʻo ia kekahi mea. ʻO kekahi o lākou e puka mai ana i loko o nā maʻi pohihihi a i ʻole e ʻike ana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi nui, aʻo kekahi ua nānā ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka ko lākou mau maka maka a me ka lauoho e hāʻule.
I ko mākou hele ʻana i kahi alahaka liʻiliʻi, hōʻike ʻo McClinton i ke ʻano o ka ʻaha kūkā o ke kūlanakauhale i kēia manawa hooholoia e "hana i nā mea a pau e pono ai" e hoʻihoʻi i ka wai o Detroit. Akā naʻe, ua hoʻopau koke ka luna hoʻomalu i kā lākou hoʻoholo, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana he "hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo."
"He ʻano hoʻohālike ʻokoʻa kēia o ka mana," ʻōlelo ʻo ia me ka haʻahaʻa a wehewehe ʻo ia ke hana nei ʻo ia me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe waiho kauoha e koi ana i ke kūlanakauhale e hoʻi i ka wai o Detroit. Hoʻokahi pilikia, akā naʻe: pono e waiho ʻia ma Ingham County, home o Lansing, ke kapikala mokuʻāina, ʻaʻole ma Flint's Genesee County, no ka mea, ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia nei ka hoʻoholo a ka luna hoʻokele pilikia i koho ʻia. "Ma lalo o ke kānāwai moku'āina, ma laila ʻoe e hele ai e hoʻoponopono i nā ʻōhumu," wahi āna. "He mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wale nō i ko mākou mana kūloko."
I kēia manawa, nui ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale e hopohopo a huikau. I kekahi mau pule ma mua o ka huakaʻi, ua hoʻouna ke kūlanakauhale i ʻelua leka i ka lā hoʻokahi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka enveloppi hoʻokahi. ʻO kekahi, i paʻi ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo, ua ʻōlelo pololei ʻo ia: "Ua uhaki kā mākou ʻōnaehana wai i kahi kūlana wai inu." ʻO ka lua, ma ke kala ʻālohilohi, ua loaʻa kēia ʻōlelo ʻoliʻoli: "ʻOliʻoli mākou i ka hōʻike ʻana he palekana ka wai o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Flint a kū i nā alakaʻi alakaʻi US Environmental Protection Agency… Hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi ua kūpono ka wai i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe i kēia lā i nā kūlana palekana āpau." E like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana a kekahi mea i loaʻa i nā leka hoʻolaha, "Hiki iaʻu ke manaʻo wale ʻo ia ka mea e huikau iā mākou āpau."
Hele mālie ʻo McClinton no kekahi mau minuke ʻoiai ʻo ka lehulehu e hoʻi hou i ke alahaka a hoʻomaka i ka piʻi ʻana i ke alanui Saginaw. ʻAʻole koke, lele kekahi kanaka ma luna o ke kiʻi nui o ke kanaka kukini ma Riverfront Plaza a hoʻomaka e ʻaʻahu iā ia i kekahi o nā pālule o ka hui.
"E ka mea aloha, ʻaʻole oʻu makemake e loaʻa ʻoe i kahi pilikia!" kahea aku kana wahine ia ia.
Paʻakikī ʻo ia e huki i ka lima ma luna o kekahi o nā lima hao i ka wā o ka droning weeoo-weeooo-weeoo ʻO ke kani ʻana o ke kani kani a nā mākaʻi, a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana o ke keiki kāne a ke kanaka ua pā hewa ʻo ia i ka hiʻohiʻona siren ma ka megaphone āna e lawe nei.
Ma hope o kekahi mau manawa paʻakikī, neʻe ka lehulehu i mua, e waiho ana ma hope o ke kiʻi, ʻo nā wāwae i ʻō i waena, hāpai ʻia nā lima me ka lanakila, a ma kona umauma he pālule pulupulu hou me ka huaʻōlelo: "Wai You Fighting For?"
Kāohi ʻelua: The Tri-Cities of Cancer
I ka ʻauinalā aʻe, hoʻolei mākou i Interstate 75 i loko o kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana o nā puʻupuʻu uahi, flare offs, a me nā huila 18, e hele ana i kahi pilikia ʻona a me ke kuleana kuleana. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke one nui a me ka nui o nā mea haumia ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma ke komohana hema o Detroit a me River Rouge a me Ecorse, nā kūlanakauhale e moe ana ma kapa o ka muliwai Detroit.
Me ka ʻeha o ke poʻo mai ka ʻehu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ua hālāwai mākou me ka mea paʻi kiʻi a me ke alakaʻi kaiāulu ʻo Emma Lockridge a me kona hoalauna ʻo Anthony Parker ma mua o ko lākou mau home, e noho pono ana ma hope o kēlā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili.
I ka makahiki 2006, ua ʻike ʻia nā pae ʻona ma ko lākou kaiāulu, i ʻike ʻia e kāna code zip ʻo "48217," 45 manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka awelika moku'āina. A ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana o Detroit i $175 miliona i loko kaʻauhauʻauhau i ka ʻAhahui ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi Marathon billion-dollar e kōkua iā ia e hoʻonui i kona hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe e hoʻoponopono i ka piʻi ʻana o nā one sulfur kiʻekiʻe mai Alberta, Kanada.
"He zip hāʻawi mākou," wahi a Lockridge i kona noho ʻana i ka noho kaʻa o kā mākou kaʻa. "Loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻoihana āpau a me kahi waihona ʻauhau, akā ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa iā mākou."
Ua hoʻomaka mākou i kahi huakaʻi puahiohio i ko lākou kaiāulu, kahi i wāwahi ʻia ai nā kula a pani ʻia nā paka ma muli o ka ʻawaʻawa o ka lepo, ʻoiai ua nui nā kamaʻāina i make i ka maʻi kanesa a paʻakikī i ko lākou mau hoalauna ke mālama. "Ke pāʻani nei mākou i nā kowali ma ʻaneʻi," wahi a Lockridge, e kuhikuhi ana i kahi kowali melemele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi pā paʻa kahi i hoʻāʻo ai ka lepo no nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kēpau, arsenic, a me nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe. "E lele pololei ana i ke alakaʻi."
E like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Michigan, ua ʻauheʻe ka poʻe i ka 48217. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka depopulation mai ka deindustrialization, akā mai ka ʻawaʻawa, mahalo i ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o nā hale hana. ʻO kēia mau mea kahi paʻa wai ʻino, nā mina paʻakai, nā hale hana asphalt, nā mea kanu sima, ka lime a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pōhaku, a me kahi lima o nā hale wili kila i hui pū ʻia ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻekolu.
E like me kā Lockridge lāua ʻo Parker wehewehe, ua koi lāua iā Marathon e kūʻai i ko lāua mau home. Ua noi pū lākou i ka mokuʻāina e hoʻopaʻa i nā pae hoʻokuʻu a ua hoʻopiʻi i nā hoʻopiʻi kūʻē i nā ʻoihana ʻona. I ka pane ʻana, ʻo nā mea a pau a lākou i ʻike ai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hale hana i hāʻawi ʻia i nā hoʻomaha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole loaʻa nā kamaʻāina o 48217. I ka pūnāwai i hala aku nei, no ka laʻana, ua ʻae ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kūʻai ʻo Michigan i ka mea kanu AK Steel, aia kokoke i ke kaiāulu, e mahuahua ka nui o kona mau mea ino 725 manawa. ʻO ka ʻae ʻia, e like me ka ʻO Detroit Free Press, hele mai ma hope o "Gov. Ua hana ʻo Rick Snyder i ka ʻoihana hoʻolaha pāʻoihana no nā mahina ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona" e hoʻopiʻi ana i ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kūlohelohe.
"E nānā i kēia kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi maikaʻi mai kahi ʻē aʻe!" Ua hoʻōho ʻo Lockridge me ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ke kaʻa i mua o kahi mea kanu ʻāwīwī nona nā lālā, i waena o kēia ʻāina neoneo ʻoihana, piʻo ma lalo o ke kaumaha o nā pua keʻokeʻo.
"ʻAʻole e ulu kēlā lāʻau," wahi a Parker. “Ua make loa ia.”
"Ke ho'āʻo nei," wahi a Lockridge. “Aww, ʻano kaumaha. He lāʻau Charlie Brown ia.
Hōʻike ʻia ka lapuwale o ke ola i loko o ia ʻano kaiapuni ke hōʻea mākou i ka hapalua mile o ka ʻaoʻao ala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o kahi wili kila nui a me kahi hale mana ahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "Wellness Walk."
"E hoʻoikaika i kou ola!" noi i ka hōʻailona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pā kaulahao e hoʻopuni ana i ka hale mana. He kahua kūpono ʻole ia no kahi hele hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo nā luna olakino o ka mokuʻāina noonoo ʻO kēia wahi a me ka paka kokoke "ke kikowaena o ke kaumaha hānō o ka moku'āina."
Ma hope o ka ʻakaʻaka kaumaha, hele mākou i ka mokupuni ʻo Zug, kahi wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka Homeland Security i noho ʻia e nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻeleʻele nui akā ʻoiaʻiʻo. nā kapuahi pahū. Ua kapa ʻia ka mokupuni no ka miliona miliona ʻo Samuel Zug, nāna i kūkulu i kahi hale nani ma laila a ʻike wale ʻo ia e piholo ana i loko o ka ʻāina. ʻO ia ka home o US Steel, ka mea hana kila nui loa ma ka ʻāina.
I ko mākou hoʻi ʻana, hana mākou i kahi hoʻomaha hope loa ma Oakwood Heights, kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻokoʻa a ʻokiʻoki ʻia ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka mea kanu Marathon. "ʻO kēia ka wahi keʻokeʻo i kūʻai ʻia," wahi a Lockridge. He mea weliweli ka hiʻohiʻona: nā alanui noho liʻiliʻi i laina ʻia e nā kula mauʻu a me ka hale kaʻawale. ʻO kēlā Marathon nā kamaʻāina i uku ʻia e haʻalele i ko lākou mau home ma kēia ʻāpana keʻokeʻo nui o ke kaona, ʻoiai e hōʻole ana e hana like ma ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika 48217, e noho kokoke ana i ka hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo Lockridge lāua ʻo Parker a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ko lāua mau hoalauna ma ke ʻano he coincidence.
Ke nānā nei mākou i nā koena o ke kaiāulu mua: nā pūʻolo nūpepa ʻōpala i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi ʻia e kekahi, kahi teddy bear i haʻalele ʻia ma luna o ka lānai lāʻau, a me kahi kahua pāʻani ʻano huinakolu keiki ʻole nona ke kūkulu ʻana, he hōʻailona heluhelu, "i hiki ke hana ʻia e ka lokomaikaʻi. nā haʻawina mai Marathon."
I ka pau ʻana o kēia hoʻomaha kupanaha o kā mākou huakaʻi ma Michigan, ʻōlelo mālie ʻo Parker, "Pono wau e hoʻokuʻu i koʻu ʻohana mai ʻaneʻi."
ʻAe ʻo Lockridge. "Makemake wale wau e loaʻa iā mākou kahi puʻuhonua e hiki ai iā mākou ke hele i ka wā e hakakā ana mākou," wahi āna. "Ke ʻike nei ʻoe ua hoʻopuni ʻia mākou."
ʻEkolu Kū: The Great White North
ʻAʻole nā pilikia a pau o Michigan ma muli o ka hoʻokele ulia pōpilikia, akā aia kēia mana hou i ka puʻuwai o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūloko. Ma hope o kēlā pō, hui mākou me ka mea hana o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Detroit i hoʻomaha, ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a me ka mea hoʻonohonoho ʻo Russ Bellant nāna i hana iā ia iho i mea akamai i ke kumuhana.
I ka makahiki 2011, wehewehe ʻo ia, ua kau inoa ʻo Kiaʻāina Snyder i kahi kānāwai hoʻokele pilikia i kapa ʻia ʻo Public Act 4. ʻO ka hopena o kēia kānāwai a me kāna mea ma mua, Public Act 72, he mea nui. Ma ke kūlanakauhale o Pontiac, no ka laʻana, ka helu o nā limahana aupuni hoʻopiliʻia mai 600 a hiki i 50. Ma Detroit, ua hoʻokō ka luna hoʻomalu o ka moku kula i ʻeono makahiki o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana a i ka hopena, pani ʻia. 95 mau kula. Ma ke awa ʻo Benton, ua hoʻopau pono ka luna i ke aupuni kūlanakauhale, wehewehe: “ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hala ka luna o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO wau ka luna kūlanakauhale. Ke pani nei au i ka luna hoʻokele waiwai, no laila ʻo wau ke alakaʻi kālā a me ka luna o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO wau ke kuhina a me ke komisina. A ʻaʻole pono wau iā lākou.
No laila, i ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻopau ʻo Bellant i kāna mau ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a pau ma Detroit, ua hoʻopiha i kāna kaʻa i nā mea ʻai ʻai pudding kokoleka, nā wai kīwī, a me nā lele a hele i ke kūkulu ʻākau e kākoʻo i kahi hoʻolaha mokuʻāina e hoʻopau i ke kānāwai ma o ka referendum balota i ke koho balota nui o kēlā hāʻule. No ʻelua mahina, ua hele ʻo ia i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o Michigan's Lower Peninsula, ka ʻāpana o ka mokuʻāina i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka poʻe me he lima lā, a me kahi mamao o Upper Peninsula e pili ana iā Wisconsin a me Kanada.
"ʻEhiku a ʻewalu paha mau hola i ka lā, e kīkēkē ana au i nā puka," wahi āna.
I Nowemapa, ua uku ʻia nā hana a ua hoʻopau ka poʻe koho i ke kānāwai, akā pōkole ka hoʻolauleʻa. ʻAʻole i emi iho ma mua o ʻelua mahina ma hope mai, i ka wā o ke kau ʻoʻopa o ka ʻahaʻōlelo o ka mokuʻāina, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Kiaʻāina Snyder a kau inoa i ke Kānāwai Aupuni 436, kahi ʻano ākea o ke kānāwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. hōʻoiaʻiʻo referendum. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻomau nā luna kālā e hoʻopio nā keʻena kinai ahi, mea waiwai oihana makai, kuai aku mika kaʻa a me nā paka lehulehu. Ma Flint, ua kūʻai aku ka luna hoʻomalu i ka plastic Santa Claus i hoʻonani mua ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale, e hoʻonohonoho ana i ka mua. kumu kūʻai ma $ 5.
A eia kekahi ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola ma Michigan: ʻo ka hoʻokele ulia pōpilikia wale nō ke kau ʻia ma nā kūlanakauhale nui-ʻeleʻele. Mai 2013 a 2014, 52% o ka poʻe ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma ka mokuʻāina i noho ma lalo o ka hoʻokele pilikia, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2% wale nō o nā kamaʻāina keʻokeʻo. Akā naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke koho ʻana i ka mana mua o ke kānāwai he ʻāina hoʻoheheʻe demographic: 75 mai 83 kalana Ua koho ʻo ia e hōʻole i ke kānāwai, e komo pū ana me nā kalana kuaʻāina āpau o Michigan, keʻokeʻo nui. "Manaʻo wau ua hoʻokomo wale ka poʻe i ka PA 4 he undemocratic," wahi a Bellant.
I ke kakahiaka aʻe, holo mākou i ka ʻākau i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Alpena, a 97% keʻokeʻo ke kūlanakauhale ma ka moana kahi i kīkēkē ai ʻo Bellant i nā puka a lanakila ka hoʻomanaʻo. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kūkulu ʻākau, ʻoi aku ka loli o ka ʻāina. Hāʻawi mākou i nā hōʻailona e noi ana i nā kamaʻāina e "Take Back America: Liberty Yes, Tyranny No." Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi pālolo o nā puʻu puʻu e inu ana i ka moonshine i loko o nā ʻauʻau.
Aneane ahiahi ka hiki ana mai. Hoʻolilo mākou i kahi hapa o kā mākou kipa ʻana i ka Dry Dock, kahi pahu luʻu i mālama ʻia e kahi bartender leo leo ʻino kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā māhele politika a me ka demographic o ka mokuʻāina - a, ma nā ʻano he nui, ʻo ka ʻāina - ke hōʻike piha nei. E hoopaapaa ana na kanaka pohaku elua no ko laua hui ana; Makemake ka ʻōpio i nā pale i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻoiai ua haʻalele kāna hoa hana i ke kamaʻāina no kona makemake ʻole e uku i ka uku. Ua hiki ke neʻe ma hope wale nō Ua kakau inoa 'o Snyder ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kānāwai "pono-e-hana" i ka makahiki 2012, e ʻae ana i nā limahana e haʻalele i nā uku uniona hoʻēmi kūpaʻa ma ka hui uniona mai ia manawa mai.
Ma luna aʻe o ko lākou mau poʻo, hoʻolaha ka kīwī i nā kiʻi weliweli o ke kipi ma Baltimore no ka pane ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka a nā mākaʻi iā Freddie Gray, he kanaka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻole. "ʻO nā koko, nā ʻokiʻoki, a me nā Guerrilla i waho no ka National Guard," wahi a kahi kamanā e pili ana i ka poʻe kūʻē lima ʻole, he ʻakaʻaka i kona leo. "ʻAʻole wau makemake i nā mākaʻi fucking," i hoʻohui ai ʻo ia.
I ko mākou huakaʻi holoʻokoʻa, haʻi pinepine ka poʻe iā mākou ʻo Alpena "ʻaʻole ʻo Detroit a i ʻole Flint" a ʻaʻohe o lākou makaʻu i ka hopu ʻana o ka mokuʻāina i ko lākou kūlanakauhale hiamoe, keʻokeʻo, mākaʻikaʻi. Ke paʻi mākou i ka nīnau me ka mea nona ka hale kūʻai kaʻa kaʻa, piʻi ka huhū i kona leo i kāna wehewehe ʻana: "Holo wale nā mea i ke ala e pono ai ma ʻaneʻi" - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia ma Detroit a me Flint, nā kamaʻāina. hana ole holo i na mea e like me ka pono.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kuhi hewa, ua koho ke kalana e hoʻopau i ke Kānāwai Aupuni 4 me ka 63% o ka poʻe i koho e hoʻopau i ke kānāwai.
Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka manaʻo o Bellant ua hoʻomaopopo nā kamaʻāina i ke ʻano democratic o ke kānāwai ma kekahi ʻano kumu, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia iā lākou iho, ua hāʻawi kekahi kamaʻāina i kēia wehewehe: “Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe e pili ana i ka noho ʻana i kahi demokala, a laila ua like kēia me ke kānāwai kaua kālā… ʻike wau ʻōlelo lākou he pono kēia mau kūlanakauhale i ke kōkua, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea e kōkua ai.
ʻEhā ʻEhā: ʻO ka Puʻu Hana Huka
I kekahi lā aʻe, ʻoiai he 2,000 mau koa mai ka 175th Infantry Regiment o ka National Guard. pāʻani ʻia ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o Baltimore, ke hele nei mākou i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Detroit kahi, he 24 mau hola ma mua, ua pana a pepehi kekahi luna kānāwai i kahi kanaka 20 makahiki i loko o kona lumi hoʻokipa.
Ua ʻākoakoa ka lehulehu ma kahi kokoke i kona hale i ka wela mua o ke kauwela, e hoʻololi ana i ke aloha, e hoʻoluliluli ana i nā hōʻailona, a me ka hoʻokūkū ʻana no ke kūlana i ka wā i hoʻonohonoho ai nā poʻe nūhou i nā kāmera a me nā microphones no kahi hālāwai kūkā e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻolaha koke ʻia nā ʻano o ka mea i hana ʻia: Ua pana ʻia ʻo Terrance Kellom i ka wā i hoʻouka ai nā luna i kona hale e hāʻawi i kahi palapala hopu. Ua ʻōlelo nā luna, ua hopu ʻo ia i ka hāmare, i hoʻomaka ai ke kī ʻana; Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa kona makuakāne, ʻo Kevin, ʻaʻohe mea kaua ʻo Terrance a kukuli i mua ona i ka wā i pana ʻia ai ʻo ia i nā manawa he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi. i ka hope.
ʻO Kellom kekahi o nā 489 kanaka pepehi ʻia ma 2015 ma United States e nā luna hoʻokō kānāwai. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano hoʻopilikia i ka hihia o Kellom. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i pepehi ʻia e nā mākaʻi akā na kahi luna federal e hana pū ana me kahi pūʻulu hana interagency multi-judidictional i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka US Marshals.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pūʻali hana like ma ka ʻāina a ua like lākou a pau i ka moʻolelo koʻikoʻi like: ke ʻimi nei nā Marshals i nā kānaka mai ka makahiki 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. koi aku i ka oihana e hopu i na kauwa e holo ana i ka akau no ke kuokoa. Ua kākau kekahi moʻolelo nūpepa o ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa, e hoʻolauleʻa ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiola koko ma ia mau hahai holoholona: "E huki pinepine ka ʻīlio Cuban i kāna pāʻani a haehae i ka mea holo ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā luna."
I kēia mau lā, ua ulu nui ka pūʻali hana o Detroit no ka mea ua hoʻopau ka ʻoki kālā i ka ʻoihana makai kūloko. ʻO nā luna o ka Immigration a me nā Dute, nā mākaʻi mai ka hapalua o nā keʻena kūloko, a me nā limahana o ke keʻena Social Security Administration, ua hopu ka Detroit Fugitive Apprehension Team ma mua o 15,000 kanaka. Ua piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka hopu ʻana mai ka makahiki 2012, ʻo ia ka makahiki hoʻokahi i ʻoki ʻia ka waihona kālā o nā mākaʻi kūloko e 20%. Ma waho aʻe o ka pūʻulu hana, ua piʻi pū ka nui o nā luna federal e mākaʻikaʻi ana i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka Border Patrol, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻonui i kona noho ʻana ma ka ʻāina e pāholo i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei a ʻelua pule wale nō i hala aku nei i hoʻolaha ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hou $14 miliona hale hoʻokele Detroit.
Hoʻokokoke ʻo Kevin Kellom i ka pā o nā microphones a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kamaʻilio me ka leʻaleʻa a hiki i ka poʻe hoʻolaha nūhou i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i kekahi i kekahi i mea e hopu ai i kāna mea e ʻōlelo nei. "Ua pepehi lākou i kaʻu keiki," hāwanawana ʻo ia. "Makemake au i ka pono a e loaʻa iaʻu ka pono."
Eia naʻe, i kēia lā, ʻeono pule ma hope o ka make ʻana o Terrance, ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e kūʻē i ka luna Immigration and Customs Enforcement nāna i kī i ka pū make. ʻO nā luna kānāwai ʻē aʻe i pepehi i nā kamaʻāina ʻo Michigan i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua pakele like lākou i ka hoʻopaʻi. Ua paʻi ʻia ka mākaʻi Detroit ʻo Joseph Weekley pepehi ʻEhiku makahiki ʻo Aiyana Jones me kahi pū mīkini i ka wā o kahi hui SWAT i hoʻouka ai i kona home ma 2010. Noho mau ʻo ia i lālā o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka mākaʻi ʻo Ann Arbor ʻo David Reid kekahi hoʻi i ka hana ma hope o ka pana make ʻana o 40-makahiki-kahiko a me ka makuahine ʻo Aura Rosser i Nowemapa 2014. Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻoihana mākaʻi o Ann Arbor he "pepehi kanaka kūpono" no ka mea e paʻa ana ʻo Rosser i kahi liʻiliʻi. kipi kīlaʻi i ka wā o ka hālāwai - he ʻōlelo hoʻoholo e hakakā nei nā ʻohana o Rosser a me nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale me kahi hoʻolaha hoʻomau e kāhea ana i kahi hoʻokolokolo kūʻokoʻa i kona make ʻana.
A ke hoʻomau nei kēlā mau hanana make. Mai ka make ʻana o Kellom, ua pana make nā luna hoʻokō kānāwai ma kahi o ʻekolu mau kamaʻāina ʻo Michigan - hoʻokahi ma waho o ka kulanakauhale o Kalamazoo, kekahi kokoke Lansing, a he hapakolu in Kauai Creek.
ʻElima ʻElima: ʻO ka Apana Kula Kūʻai Pono ʻole
ʻO kā mākou huakaʻi hope loa ʻo Muskegon Heights, kahi kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi ma kapa o Lake Michigan, kahi home o ka pilikia hoʻonaʻauao kupaianaha loa i ka mōʻaukala hou. Eia ka mana SparkNotes. I ka makahiki 2012, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā lālā o ka papa kula aupuni o Muskegon Heights i ʻelua mau koho: e hoʻopau holoʻokoʻa i ka apana a i ʻole e hāʻawi i ke kānāwai o ka luna pilikia. I ka hōʻea ʻana, hoʻolaha ka luna e hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka apana kula aupuni a kūkulu i kahi ʻōnaehana hou e hoʻokele ʻia e ka hui hoʻokele kula hoʻonaʻauao ʻo Mosaica Education ma New York. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, ua uhaki kēlā hui i kāna ʻaelike ʻelima makahiki a holo aku no ka mea, wahi a ka luna ulia pōpilikia, "ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā."
A eia kahi footnote ʻinoʻino i kēia moʻolelo: i ka makahiki 2012, i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka moku kula charter hou, i kapa ʻia ʻo Muskegon Heights Public School Academy System, ua hoʻokuʻu ka luna hoʻomalu i kēlā me kēia limahana kula.
"Ua ʻike mākou e hiki mai ana," wahi a kekahi o nā kumu kula haʻahaʻa lōʻihi o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua noi ʻo ia ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia, no laila e kapa wau iā ia ʻo Susan. "Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā leka ma ka leka uila."
A laila, ma kahi o hoʻokahi o ka pō ma mua o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ke kula hoʻolimalima hou, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi leka uila e nīnau ana inā hiki iā ia ke aʻo i ke kakahiaka aʻe. Ua ʻae ʻo ia, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i ke kula haʻahaʻa ʻo Martin Luther King no ka makahiki ʻino loa i kāna ʻoihana ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki.
I ko makou kipa ana aku i kela kula, he hale pohaku papa hookahi ma ka aoao hikina o ke kaona, ua wawahiia ke aniani o ka puka mua a ua kaawale na keena, koe na kanaka elua e wehe ana i na ea ea. Akā i ka hāʻule o 2012, i ka wā i kāhea ʻia ai ʻo Susan, ua piha ʻo Martin Luther King i nā haumāna - a me ka haunaele. Ua pilikia nā papa manawa. Ua haki nā kamepiula haumāna. Loaʻa ka hemahema o nā mea āpau, ʻo nā ʻōwili pepa hoʻi. ʻO ka papahana hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā ma mua o ka moku hou gutted. Ka "hou," non-unionized kumu aʻo - e pili ana 10% ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā lākou nā palapala aʻo kūpono - he ʻōpio nui loa, ʻike ʻole, a keʻokeʻo. (Ma kahi o 75% o nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale he ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.)
"Ua pili nā mea āpau i ke kālā, ua manaʻo wau, a ua manaʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe," wahi a Susan.
Me ka emi ʻana o kāna uku ma lalo o $30,000, ua lawe ʻo ia i kahi hana ʻelua ma kahi papahana ma hope o ke kula. Ua haʻalulu kona olakino. Aʻo ʻia e ke alakaʻi hou ʻaʻole e noho i lalo i ka wā o ka papa, ua ʻoi aku ka maʻi hope a hiki i ka wā e koi ʻia ai ke ʻoki. Ua hoʻomaka ke koʻikoʻi e pili i kāna hoʻomanaʻo pōkole. I ka hopena, i ka pūnāwai, ua ʻimi ʻo Susan i kahi hoʻomaha olakino a ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻi mai.
He ʻāpana ʻo ia o kahi huakaʻi nui. Wahi a ka poʻe kākoʻo, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā kumu i hoʻopau ʻia, haʻalele, a i ʻole hoʻomaha lāʻau ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki kula 2012-2013. ʻAʻole mamao loa ʻo Mosaica ponoʻī, ua uhaki i kāna ʻaelike i ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki kula 2014. Ua ʻōlelo ka luna ulia pōpilikia ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia i ka loiloi kālā o ka hui, e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka ʻōnaehana kula me "a kaʻa haʻihaʻi.” I kela punawai, ua kipa mai ke Kiaaina Snyder a kapaia ka apana "he hana e holo nei."
Ma waena o ka mokuʻāina, ua hele ke ʻano hoʻonaʻauao hana pilikino a hoʻonui i ka mana ma luna o nā ʻāpana kūloko e ke keʻena o ke kiaʻāina, me nā hopena i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO kēia pūnāwai, he hōʻike mai The Education Trust, kahi ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka ʻōnaehana o ka mokuʻāina ua hele "mai ka ino a i ka ino."
"Ke hele nei mākou ma ke ala e hana haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā mokuʻāina haʻahaʻa loa o ka lāhui," ka mea kākau o ka hōʻike, ʻo Amber Arellano, haʻiʻia ka nūhou kūloko.
Ma hope o kēlā ʻauinalā, ua kipa mākou i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo James Jackson o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ke kūlanakauhale, kahi mākou i noho ai me Kauka James Jackson, he kauka ʻohana a lōʻihi hoʻi i kākoʻo i ka hoʻonaʻauao lehulehu i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kaiāulu ma ke kūlanakauhale.
Ua wehewehe ʻo ia ʻo ka hakakā ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale i kēia manawa no ka hoʻokele kūloko a me ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ʻana he ʻāpana o ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi loa. Ua hōʻea mua ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana o ke kūlanakauhale i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua mai ka Jim Crow South, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ai nā kula aupuni no nā haumāna ʻeleʻele wale nō, akā ua pale pū ʻia hoʻi e ka censorship a me nā hoʻokele waho, e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Carter Goodwin Woodson i wehewehe ai. ʻO kāna hoʻomaka ʻana i ka makahiki 1933 like, Ka Hoonaauao kuhihewa o ka Negero. I loko o ke kenekulia iwakālua, no ka laʻana, ua pāpā ʻia ka Hōʻike o ke Kūʻokoʻa a me ke Kumukānāwai ʻAmelika mai nā puke kula kula no ka makemake nui. "Ke hoʻomalu ʻoe i ka noʻonoʻo o ke kanaka ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo no kāna mau hana," i kākau ai ʻo Woodson i kēlā manawa.
ʻOi aku ma mua o ʻewalu mau makahiki ma hope mai, hāʻawi ʻo Kauka Jackson i nā manaʻo like e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana o Muskegon Heights i kona alakaʻi ʻana iā mākou ma o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, ʻo kāna T-shirt melemele ʻoniʻoni e hoʻomanaʻo mai ana iā mākou i ka "Hoʻohanohano ʻeleʻele History i kēlā me kēia lā 24/7 — 365."
"Pono mākou e hoʻomalu i kā mākou hoʻonaʻauao ponoʻī," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Jackson, i ko mākou hala ʻana i nā paʻi nūpepa sepia o nā huakaʻi pono kīwila a me kahi bila kūʻai 1825 no Peggy a me kāna keiki ʻo Jonathan, i kūʻai ʻia no $371 e James Aiken o Warren County, Georgia. "A hiki ʻole iā mākou ke hoʻomalu i kā mākou ʻōnaehana kula ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke aʻo pono ʻia."
I ko mākou haʻalele ʻana, hoʻomaha mākou i kahi manawa e lawe i kahi hōʻailona uila e kau ana ma ka puka makani o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, ma waena o nā hoʻolaha e pili ana i nā hālāwai hui puke e hiki mai ana a me nā hola o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻōlelo pale i nā leka ʻulaʻula:
Ke aʻo ʻana o
Muskegon Heights
No ka Lahui
ʻAʻole ke kiaʻāina
I ka lā aʻe, ua hoʻi mākou i Detroit, kā mākou mau puke puke a me nā leo leo iPhone a me nā kāleka hoʻomanaʻo kamera i hoʻopiha ʻia a piha i ka piha, nā poʻo e wili ana mai nā mea a pau a mākou i ʻike ai, ʻo kā mākou Prius-turned-tour-bus ʻelemakule e makemake nui i kahi hoʻololi aila. .
ʻOiai mākou e kuʻi ana ma kā mākou Magical Michigan Tour, ua ulu maoli ka ʻāina ʻāina, ma kekahi mau ʻano. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Bernie Sanders, ka senator socialist kūʻokoʻa mai Vermont, e hoʻokūkū ana ʻo ia iā Hillary Clinton no ka tiketi Demokarata. ʻO ka neuroscientist ʻo Detroit ʻo Dr. Ben Carson - kaulana no ka haʻi ʻana ʻo Obamacare "ʻo ka mea ʻino loa i hana ʻia ma kēia lāhui mai ka wā hoʻoluhi" - komo i ka circus Repubalika. A i waena o ka haunaele, ua hoʻomau ke ʻano o ke Kiaʻāina Snyder i ka ʻike, a me nā mea hoʻoponopono o ʻO Bloomberg View, nāna pauʻole ʻO kāna ʻike me ka "hoʻoulu hou ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale," i ka hopena: "Pono kāna ʻano kālai'āina i ka lehulehu ākea."
No laila e hoʻopaʻa i kou mau kāʻei noho a e makaʻala. I kekahi "ho'ōla hou" ʻo Bloombergian e hiki mai ana, hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i kāu apana kula e like me nā haumāna a me nā kumu o Muskegon Heights, a i ʻole e inu i ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia ma lalo o ke kauoha a kahi luna i koho ʻia e ka mokuʻāina e like me nā kamaʻāina o Flint, a i ʻole e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia i nā uahi ʻona. e hanu e like me nā hoalauna o 48217, a i ʻole e pana ʻia e like me Terrance Kellom e nā ʻelele federal i kou lumi noho ponoʻī. ʻO nā mea a pau āu e hana ai, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka moku moana melemele a Rick Snyder e holo i kou kaiāulu.
He mea kākau moʻolelo kūʻokoʻa ʻo Laura Gottesdiener a me ka mea kākau o ʻO kahi moeʻuhane i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: ʻAmelika ʻeleʻele a me ka hakakā no kahi wahi e kāhea aku ai i ka home. Ua puka mai kāna palapala ma ʻO Jones Jones, Al Jazeera, ʻO Guernica, Playboy, ʻO Rolling Stone, a pinepine ma ʻO TomDispatch.
ʻO Eduardo García he mea paʻi kiʻi a me ka mea noiʻi ma Ann Arbor e nānā ana i ka poʻe ʻōiwi ma Mexico, Mekiko a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, nalo, a me nā neʻe ʻana i ka nohona ma Latin America.
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.
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