Ba sauran abubuwan ban mamaki na nan gaba ba, arsenal na "kayan sarrafa jama'a," gami da wanda aka bayar da rahoton fara fara aiki a Amurka, tare da babban jami'in 'yan sanda a Pittsburgh yayin zanga-zangar G-20 na makon da ya gabata.
Kusan an kama mutane 200 kuma kungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a sun tuhumi dubunnan 'yan sanda (mafi yawan jigilar su a motocin bas din tashar jiragen ruwa da ke nuna "PITTSBURGH WELCOMES THE WORLD") daga nesa kamar yadda Arizonaand Florida tare da wuce gona da iri… shi.
An harba buhunan wake daga bindigu, CS (yaga) gas, OC (Oleoresin Capsicum) fesa, gurneti masu fashewa, sanduna da, bisa ga rahotannin cikin gida, a karon farko a kan titunan Amurka Na'urar Acoustic Dogon Range (LRAD).
An hau shi a cikin turret na Mai ɗaukar Makamai (APC), na ga LRAD tana aiki sau biyu a yankin 25th, Penn da Liberty Streets na Lawrenceville, tsohuwar unguwar Pittsburgh. Ta kara fashewa da kuka, da huda hayaniya kamar wani siren 'yan sanda da ke kan kwayoyin cutar steroid, cikin sauri ya share tituna da bakin titina, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan jarida tare da shigar da mazauna cikin gidajensu, amma ba a samu wani mai zanga-zanga ba. Jam'iyyar APC, mai girman gaske da kuma mugunyar titin birni, tare da layukan 'yan sanda sanye da kayan tarzoma masu kama da barazana ga Michelin Men, sun yi wani fim daga cikin fim ɗin da ba ku so ku kasance a ciki.
Kamar yadda wannan babban nunin ƙarfin makamai da fasaha ya kasance, kyawawan burgers na Pittsburgh da 'yan uwansu a cikin Ƙasar Jarumi da Gidan 'Yanci ba a ga komai ba tukuna. Gas mai sa hawaye da barkonon tsohuwa ba wani abu bane da za a shaka kuma, hakika, sun tabbatar da mutuwa Sau da yawa masu ban mamaki, amma yanzu sun zama tsofaffin wuraren jiran aiki idan aka kwatanta da jerin da ke ƙasa wanda ya riga ya kasance ko kuma yana zuwa nan da nan zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda ko hedkwatar Tsaron kasa kusa da ku. Tabbatar da cewa "abin da ke kewaye, yana zuwa," wasu sabbin Na'urorin Kariyar Dukiya an haɓaka su ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa na tallafi na tarayya, cibiyoyin bincike na jami'a kamar ɗaya a Pittsburgitself, State’sPenn. Cibiyar Fasahar Tsaron da ba ta Kisa ba.
· Raytheon Corp.'s Tsarin hanawa mai aiki, wanda aka tsara don sarrafa taron jama'a a yankunan fama, yana amfani da katako mai ƙarfi don jawowa zafi mai zafi wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba, kamar ƙarfe mai zafi da aka sanya akan fata. Yana da tasiri fiye da kewayon ƙananan makamai, fiye da mita 400. An shawarci jami’an kamfanin cewa za su iya faɗaɗa kasuwa ta hanyar siyar da ƙaramin sigar mai hawa uku ga jami’an ‘yan sanda.
M5 Modular Crowd Control Munition, wanda ke da kewayon mita 30 "yana kama da aiki da ma'adanin yumbu, amma yana ba da…mai ƙarfi, mara ratsawa ga jiki tare da ƙarami da yawa (ƙwallan roba 600).'
· Na'urar Acoustic Dogon Range ko "Scream," shine megaphone mai ƙarfi mai girman girman tasa tauraron dan adam wanda zai iya fitar da sauti "sau 50 fiye da matakin ɗan adam don jin zafi" a kusa, yana haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. The LA Times Ya rubuta cewa Sojojin ruwa na Amurka a Iraki sun yi amfani da shi a cikin 2004. Yana iya isar da faɗakarwar da aka yi rikodin cikin Larabci kuma, bisa umarni, ta fitar da sautin huda…'[Gama] yawancin mutane, ko da sun toshe kunnuwansu, [na'urar] za ta samar da kwatankwacin hakan. kaifin kai nan take,' in ji Woody Norris, shugaban American Technology Corp., kamfanin San Diego wanda ke kera makamin. "Zai buga [wasu mutane] a gwiwa.' CBS News ta ruwaito a cikin 2005 cewa Sojojin Isra'ila sun fara amfani da na'urar a filin don tarwatsa zanga-zangar adawa da bangon rabuwar Isra'ila. “Masu zanga-zangar sun rufe kunnuwansu sun damke kawunansu, dimuwa da tashin hankali suka mamaye su, bayan da na’urar da ke hawa a cikin motar ta fara aika karar sautin murya, amma ba kara ba, a tsaka mai wuya na dakika 10… Wani jami’in soja ya ce na’urar tana fitar da wani abu na musamman. mitar da ke kaiwa kunnen ciki.'
· In "Fasahar da ba na mutuwa ba: Bayani,' Lewer da Davison sun bayyana wani dogon kataloji na sabbin makamai ciki har da "Directed Stick Radiator," tsarin hannun hannu wanda ya dogara da fasaha iri ɗaya da The Scream. "Yana harba manyan 'harsashin sonic' ko bugun sauti tsakanin 125-150db na daƙiƙa ɗaya ko biyu. Irin wannan makamin zai iya, idan aka ƙera shi sosai, yana da ikon kakkaɓe mutane daga ƙafafu.'
· Cibiyar Penn State tana gwada “Rarraba Sauti da Mai Rarraba Tsara Haske' a.k. a "bakin ray." Launuka da yanayin haske suna ɗaukar ido da ido kuma suna ɓata kwakwalwa, suna makantar da wanda aka azabtar na daƙiƙa da yawa. A hade tare da sauti masu tayar da hankali yana iya sa mutum ya yi tuntuɓe ko ya ji tashin hankali. Manufofin Foreignasashen waje in Focus sun ba da rahoton cewa Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida, tare da kashe dala miliyan 1 don gwada na'urar, tana fatan ganin ta "a hannun dubban 'yan sanda, jami'an kan iyaka da Masu Tsaron Ƙasa" nan da 2010.
An buga siliki na gizo-gizo a cikin Jami'ar Bradford Ayyukan Binciken Makamai marasa Kisa, Rahoton #4 (shafi na 20) a matsayin mai tasowa. “Haɗin gwiwar bincike tsakanin Jami’ar New Hampshire da Rundunar Sojojin Amurka Natick Research, Development and Centeris na Injiniya suna kallon amfani da siliki gizo-gizo a matsayin abin da ba na mutuwa ba don nakasa mutane. Sun ɓullo da wata hanya don samar da furotin siliki na gizo-gizo recombinant ta amfani da E. coli kuma suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka hanyoyin samar da adadi mai yawa na waɗannan fibers.”
· New Scientist rahoton cewa (ba zan yi wannan ba) Inertial Capacitive Incapacitator (ICI), wanda Kamfanin Physical Optics Corporation na , ya kirkira, yana amfani da na'urar ajiyar fim na sirara da aka caje yayin kera wacce kawai ke fitarwa lokacin da ta cimma manufa. Ana iya shigar da shi cikin jirgin sama mai siffar zobe kuma a harba shi daga madaidaicin harba gurneti a cikin ƙananan gudu, yayin da har yanzu yana riƙe da fa'ida don iyakar daidaito.Torrance California
· Nuna bayan Tasers, da Tsaron Cikin Gida Babban Hukumar Ayyukan Bincike, (Kasafin kudin shekarar 2009: $1B) kwatankwacin Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Bincike na Tsaro (DARPA), yana shirin kera makamai masu amfani da wayar tarho ta hanyar nisa mafi girma, kamar a dakin taro ko filin wasa, ko kan titinan birni. Daya irin wannan na'urar, da Piezer, Yana amfani da lu'ulu'u na piezoelectric waɗanda ke samar da wutar lantarki lokacin da aka matsa su. Bindiga mai ma'auni 12 yana harba lu'ulu'u, yana ban mamaki da manufa tare da girgiza wutar lantarki akan tasiri. Lynntech na Kwalejin Kwalejin, Texas, yana haɓaka a projectile Taser wanda za'a iya harba shi daga bindigar harbi ko harba gurneti mai tsawon mm 40 don ƙara girman kewayon makaman na mita bakwai.
· "Kashe Rocker da A kan bene: Ci gaba da Haɓaka Makamai Masu Kashe Kwayoyin Halitta,' Rahoton cibiyar binciken kwance damarar makamai ta Bradford ya bayyana cewa a cikin 1992, Cibiyar Shari'a ta Ƙasa ta yi yarjejeniya da Lawrence Livermore National Lab don yin bitar magungunan kashe-kashe na asibiti don amfani da dakarun soji na musamman da 'yan sanda. LLNL ya kammala mafi kyawun zaɓi shine opioid, kamar fentanyl, mai tasiri a ƙananan allurai idan aka kwatanta da morphine. Haɗe tare da facin da aka jiƙa a cikin DMSO (dimethylsufoxide, mai ƙarfi) kuma an harba shi daga bindigar iska, fentanyl za a iya isar da fata ko da ta hanyar tufafi masu haske. Wani aikace-aikacen da aka ba da shawarar ga miyagun ƙwayoyi an haɗe shi da foda mai kyau kuma an tarwatsa kamar hayaki.
· Bayan haɓakawa, sanannen bindigar “Puff the Magic Dragon’ daga Yaƙin Vietnam shine yanzu AC-130. "Makamai marasa Kisa: Aikace-aikace zuwa Gunships AC-130," ya lura cewa "Tare da karuwar shigar sojojin Amurka cikin ayyukan ban da yaki…' AC-130 “zata baiwa kwamandoji cikakken makaman da ba na kashe mutane ba daga wani dandali na iska wanda ba a taba samun su ba.' Takardar ta ƙare a cikin "Yayin da amfani da makaman da ba sa kashewa ya karu kuma ya zama mai inganci kuma mai karbuwa, za a samu karin zaɓuɓɓuka."
Prozac da Zoloft biyu ne daga cikin magunguna sama da 100 da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jihar Penn da Cibiyar Nazarin Bincike ta Jami'ar suka gano don ƙarin bincike a matsayin "masu kwantar da hankali marasa lahani." Nazarin Jihar Penn, “...an gano suna da tasiri sosai ga yawancin rikice-rikicen ɗabi'a da aka fuskanta a cikin yanayi inda dole ne a yi la'akari da tura wata dabarar da ba ta da kisa. Wannan nau'in nau'ikan magunguna kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin haɓaka mai ƙarfi ta masana'antar harhada magunguna… Ana ƙirƙira sabbin mahaɗan da ke ƙarƙashin haɓaka (WO 09500194) tare da saurin farawa na aiki. Ci gaban ƙwayoyi yana ci gaba da sauri a cikin wannan yanki saboda babbar kasuwa don maganin ciwon ciki (mutane miliyan 15 a Arewacin Amirka) ... Da alama za a iya gano wakili na SSRI nan gaba kadan wanda zai nuna saurin sauri. na farawa.'
A cikin mako na Pittsburghlast, wani gagarumin nunin 'yan sanda da makami mai tsada, wanda aka yi niyya don "tsaro" wakilan G20, tare da rufe ma'aikata daga ayyukan cikin gari na tsawon kwanaki biyu, tare da tilastawa dalibai da mazauna wurin komawa gidajensu da gidajensu, tare da mayar da 'yan jarida' latsa yana wucewa zuwa cikin ƙwaƙƙwaran, tsofaffin masu tuni na wani lokaci da ya wuce.
Mafi mahimmanci duka, duk da haka, shine abin da Witold Walczak, darektan shari'a na ACLU na Pennsylvania, ya gaya wa kamfanin dillacin labarai na Associated Press: "Ba kawai tsoratarwa ba ne, hargitsi ne kuma a wasu lokuta hana masu zanga-zangar lumana samun damar isar da sakonsu."
Mike Ferner marubuci ne daga Ohio kuma shugaban Masu Tsoro don Aminci
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