A duk duniya, noman masana'antu daya-daya ya raba kayan abinci na gargajiya da manoma, tare da yin barna ga farashin abinci da ikon abinci. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga kudancin duniya, inda aka fi mayar da ƙasar don amfanin gona da aka ƙaddara don ciyar da dabbobi da dabbobi. A cikin mayar da martani, manoma da kananan manoma sun shirya ayyuka a cikin kasashe sama da 53 a ranar 15 ga Oktoba don Ranar Abinci ta Duniya a matsayin wani shiri na Via Campesina, daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu, wanda ke wakiltar kusan mutane miliyan 150 a duniya.
Ƙungiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar Argentina ta Campesino ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar da ke gudana a duniya ta hanyar shirya wani maci a Buenos Aires don Ranar Abinci ta Duniya. Sau da yawa ana kwatanta Argentina a matsayin kwandon burodi na Kudancin Amurka saboda ta taba samar da hatsi da naman sa ga yawancin yankin. Amma tare da karuwar waken soya al'ummar ta koma ga samar da al'ada guda daya don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje, tare da kawar da samar da abinci na gargajiya da manoma.
Daruruwan campesinos ne suka yi bikin ranar tare da zanga-zangar adawa da wannan samfurin noma a wajen Sashen Aikin Gona na Argentina. "Ga gwamnati, karkara [ya ƙunshi] ƙungiyoyin mallakar filaye da kasuwancin noma, a zahiri ba mu wanzu," in ji Javier daga ƙungiyar campesino a Cordoba, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi iyalai sama da 1,500 da suka dogara. akan noman gargajiya na zamani. "Mu ma wani bangare ne na karkara, mu ne muke zaune a kasa kuma mu kare kasa, muna so mu ci gaba da zama a kasarmu, domin zuriya masu zuwa."
Manoman da aka kora
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi a kasar Argentina a shekarar 2008, an rufe gonaki fiye da 60,000 tsakanin shekarar 2002 zuwa 2008, yayin da yawan gonakin ya karu daga kadada 421 zuwa 538. Sauya waken soya ya maye gurbin noman hatsi da kayan marmari da ma naman naman ƙasar. Mai bincike a cibiyar binciken zamantakewar al'umma ta CONICET, Tamara Peremulter ta zayyana tasirin waken soya guda ɗaya kan samar da abinci. "A tarihin Soy ba a girma a Argentina. An kawo waken soya a cikin shekarun 1960 a lokacin juyin juya halin kore. An kawo waken soya mai canzawa zuwa ƙasashe inda kafin noma ba zai yiwu ba. Ƙananan farashin samar da waken soya ya taimaka wa wannan tsari. Soya ya maye gurbin sauran amfanin gona, wuraren mamaye da suka kasance tarihi na kiwo da kiwo, waken soya ya mamaye al’ummomin ’yan asali da na gargajiya.
Samar da filaye da rigingimu a kan mallakar filaye ya zama daya daga cikin batutuwan da manoman gargajiya ke maye gurbinsu da injuna da manyan gonakin gargajiya guda daya. Ƙungiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar ta Argentina ta Campesino (MNCI) ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 82 cikin 13 na manoma suna rayuwa ne daga kashi 4 cikin 65 na ƙasar da ake amfani da su wajen noma, yayin da kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na masu mallakar filaye ko kuma masu saka hannun jari a cikin masana'antar noma sun mallaki fiye da haka. XNUMX bisa dari. Bambance-bambancen takardun mallakar filaye ya haifar da korar tashin hankali.
A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2009, rana ce da al'ummomin 'yan asalin kasar suka gudanar da bikin tunawa da kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa mutanensu bayan isowar Christopher Columbus a 1492, an kashe wani manomi dan asalin kasar, Javier Chacoba a lokacin wata zanga-zangar nuna adawa da korar 'yan asalin kasar daga filaye. Manomin mai shekaru 68 ya mutu ne sakamakon harbin bindiga da Dario Amín, wani mai gida ya yi a ciki. Mambobin al’ummar Chuschagasta sun yi sansani a kan babbar hanyar lardin da ke kan iyaka da filayen don neman a amince da yankin Chuschagasta a lokacin da Amín da wasu tsoffin jami’an ‘yan sanda biyu suka fito a zanga-zangar. "A ranar tunawa da shekaru 519 na kisan kiyashi a Latin Amurka, mun fuskanci rashin dan'uwanmu (Javeri Chacobar) saboda kawai ya tsaya tsayin daka wajen kwato masa hakkinsa, yana kare mutuncinsa da kuma filinsa nasa," in ji Margarita Mamaní, mamba a kungiyar. Chuschagasta al'umma.
"Sun yi ta korar manoma da 'yan asalin kasar daga filaye. An kashe mutane a korar," in ji Ricardo Ortiz wakilin 'yan asalin yankin na The Campesino Movement of Santiago del Estero (MOCASE). Fiye da iyalai 9,000 ne suka kasance MOCASE, ƙungiyar manoman gargajiya da ƙungiyoyin asali. “Yanzu sun kashe wani manomi a garin Tucuman, wani dan uwa, yana cikin tattaki ne domin neman hakkinsu, sai mutumin da ya sayi filayen ya dauki bindiga ya harbe mutumin sannan ya raunata wasu hudu, gwamnati ta kasance makaho, kurame da bebe. ; wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke damuwa."
Danniyawan 'yan sanda
A cikin 2008 kadai an kama fiye da 35 campesinos tare da bayar da sammacin kama wasu 95, a Mendoza, Formosa da Santiago del Estero, a cikin al'ummomin da suka ƙi tsarin masana'antu. Santiago del Estero lardi ne da ya taɓa wadata ƙasar daji kuma waken soya bai taɓa shi ba. Wannan ya canza yayin da hauhawar farashin waken soya ya sanya waɗannan yankuna masu nisa a yanzu suna samun riba ga masu noman waken soya.
Wannan "farautar mayya ce," kamar yadda MNCI ta bayyana halin da ake ciki na campesinos na adawa da korar ƙasa, da kuma kare al'adun gargajiya. 'Yan sanda na gida suna aiwatar da umarnin korar kuma suna fuskantar duk wata turjiya da rundunar 'yan sanda, kulake da harsasai da yawa. MNCI ta ce "Masu adawa da Campesinos suna fama da mummunan zalunci na siyasa. Muna bukatar a saki manoman da ake tsare da su, a binciki jami'ai, alkalai da 'yan sanda da suka keta hakkin bil'adama kuma a dakatar da korarsu," in ji MNCI.
Masana'antar Agro Yana haifar da Rashin Aiki
Juya zuwa noman al'adu daya da maida hankali kan filaye ya kai ga noma a al'adance inda ake daukar kananan manoma aiki kamar gonakin inabi. Masana'antar ruwan inabi ta Argentina ta bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da jimlar darajar ruwan inabi na Argentine a Amurka ya karu daga dala miliyan 75 zuwa dala miliyan 146 tsakanin 2006 da 2008. Mendoza shine yanki mafi girma na ruwan inabi na Argentina, tare da ƙananan yanayi mai kyau ga inabin Malbec. Samun ruwa babban batu ne ga al'ummomin karkara da na asali a can.
Marcelo Quieroga na Kungiyar Ma’aikatan Karkara (UST) ya ce yawancin gonakin inabi a Mendoza sun kasance masu zuba jari daga Faransa da Switzerland, wadanda ke siyan filaye da injiniyoyin noman inabi. “Suna amfani da injuna ne wajen maye gurbin ma’aikata, ta hanyar samar da ingantattun ingantattun ingantattun ingantattun ingantattun ingantattun kayan masarufi, a zahiri sun mamaye noman, wanda ke fama da shi shi ne ma’aikacin karkara wanda ya kasa samun aikin yi, kuma ya kare ya zauna a wani gari mai cike da rudani sakamakon rashin aikin yi na karkara. "
Kaura daga ƙauyuka yana haifar da talauci da rashin aikin yi; Lardunan da suka fi talauci a Argentina sun sami karbuwa a masana'antar waken soya, inda gonakin waken soya ya maye gurbin gandun daji har ma da wuraren kiwo na shanu. MNCI ta bayar da rahoton cewa tsarin waken soya yana samar da aikin yi guda daya ne kawai ga kowace hekta 500 da aka noma. A halin yanzu, aikin noma na gargajiya yana ba da guraben ayyuka 35 ga kowane kadada 100 da aka noma, tare da tabbatar da bambancin abinci, samarwa ko kasuwannin cikin gida da kuma amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da ruwa mai dorewa.
Mulkin Abinci
Ci gaban masana'antu da dunkulewar tsarin abinci na Argentina ya haifar da tashin gwauron zabin abinci, da karuwar talauci a yankunan karkara. Wannan ya zama yanayin duniya. Vandana Shiva ya rubuta a cikin Mujallar Nation: "Mutane biliyan daya ne ba su da abinci saboda masana'antu daya-daya sun sace musu rayuwarsu ta noma da kuma hakkokinsu na abinci."
Via Campesina tana da madadin masana'antar noma, tana turawa gwamnatoci don haɓaka aikin gona na gida, na gargajiya wanda ke samarwa al'umma abinci na gaske. "Lokaci ya yi da dukkanin kungiyoyin fararen hula za su gane girman wannan lamari, bai kamata babban birnin duniya ya sarrafa abincinmu ba, ko kuma yanke shawara a bayan gida. mutane," in ji Dena Hoff, mai gudanarwa na Via Campesina North America.
Mulkin abinci kamar yadda Via Campesina ya ayyana shine haƙƙin al'umma na ayyana manufofin aikin gona da abinci, da haƙƙin manoma da manoma na samar da abinci. Al'ummomin duniya suna neman madadin samfurin da Cargill, Monsanto, Abincin Gabaɗaya, Nestle da abinci na Kraft ke sarrafawa. Yunwa ta hanyar masana'antu da maida hankali, 'yan ƙasa yanzu suna jin yunwa don hanyoyin samar da al'ada da bambancin tsarin abinci.
Marie Trigona marubuciya ce, mai shirya rediyo kuma mai shirya fina-finai da ke ƙasar Argentina. Ana iya samun ta a [email kariya]
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
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