Duk inda wakilcin ƙungiyar ya zama dimokiradiyya, gwagwarmaya ko juyin juya hali, dole ne mu kare shi. Duk inda mukami da mukamai suka kai hari ofishin kungiyar kwadago dole ne mu kare su. Ƙungiya bureaucracy shine amfani da mukaman ƙungiyar tare da manufar rage ayyukan ƙungiyar. Ofishin kungiyar kwadago na neman tada kayar baya, har ma da yajin aiki mafi adalci.
– Augustin Tosco, babban sakatare na Luz y Fuerza, mai gwagwarmayar ƙwadago wanda ya yi gwagwarmaya don ayyukan ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya. Ya mutu a boye, saboda tsoron kada a kashe shi, bayan da aka soke kungiyar kwadago ta Luz y Fuerza a shekarar 1974.
Kisan wani matashi dan shekara 23 mai fafutuka ya haifar da zanga-zanga a kasar Argentina. Tarihin arziƙin ƙwadago na Argentina yana fama da tashe-tashen hankula: kisan kiyashi a kan ma'aikata masu fafutuka a farkon karni na 20, bacewar masu fafutuka 30,000 na tsari a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya, mutuwar 38 a lokacin babbar tawayen Argentina ta 2001, harbin 'yan sanda na 2002 na masu fafutuka biyu marasa aikin yi. Maximiliano Kosteki da Dario Santillan, da kuma mutuwar da hayakin hayaki mai sa hawaye ya yi wa shugaban malamin makarantar gwamnati Carlos Fuentealba a shekara ta 2004. Mariano Ferreyra, wani ɗan gwagwarmaya kuma ɗalibi da aka kashe kwanan nan, ya aika da tunatarwa mai ban tsoro game da gadon ofis ɗin ƙungiyar kuma cin zarafin ma'aikata.
An harbe Mariano Ferreyra a ranar 20 ga Oktoba a Argentina a wata takaddamar kungiyar kwadago a kan layin dogo na Buenos Aires. Yana yin tattakin ne tare da hadin gwiwar ma'aikatan jirgin kasa da aka kora a matsayin wani bangare na raguwa. Masu fafutuka daga babbar kungiyar ma'aikatan jirgin kasa sun fasa zanga-zangar adawa da karancin albashi da korar ma'aikatan da ba su da kwangiloli. Yayin da masu zanga-zangar ke kawo karshen aikin, wasu gungun ‘yan kungiyar da wasu mutane suka fara jifa da duwatsu suna bin masu zanga-zangar. Kyamarorin talbijin sun nuna wasu gungun mutane 40 suna bin masu zanga-zangar.
Ariel Pintos, wani ma'aikacin jirgin kasa da ke aiki a karkashin kwangilar ya harbe a kafa a yayin zanga-zangar, ya ce "'yan baranda daga koren slate, da 'yan sanda na lardin ke gadi, suna jiran mu a kan layin jirgin tun da sanyin safiya." Ya gaya wa Pagina/12, "Sun kore mu, suna cewa za ku biya wannan, za mu kashe ku."
Daga nan kuma, a cewar shaidu, yayin da ‘yan sanda ke tsaye kusa da akalla mutum daya ya bude wuta. Marcelo Adrian, abokin wanda abin ya shafa, ya ce gurbacewar tsarin kungiyar na goyon bayan harkokin kasuwanci. “Jihar ce ke da alhakin, ƙungiyoyin ofisoshi… Da kuma ‘yan sandan da suka yi aiki a matsayin masu laifin. Ƙungiya ta 40 'yan daba na Train Transport Union, Green list sun kai mana hari. An shirya kai harin ne kuma an sha kai hare-hare kan ma’aikatan da ba su da kwangiloli.” An kama wasu mutane uku da suke da hannu a harbin.
Mariano Ferreyra
Mutuwar Mariano Ferreyra ta buɗe raunuka na raɗaɗi da mutuwa da za a iya hanawa wanda ya kasance sakamakon gurɓataccen ayyukan ƙungiyar. An yi shagulgulan jajircewar Ferreyra a matsayin mai fafutuka a wannan gagarumin tattaki domin kin amincewa da mutuwarsa. Fiye da masu zanga-zangar 25,000 ne suka fito domin kin amincewa da mutuwar Ferreyra, suna neman kawo karshen ayyukan kungiyar da ba ta dace da dimokradiyya ba tare da neman a yi adalci kan mutuwar dan fafutuka.
Wanda aka kashe dan jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Argentina ne. Ya fara aikin fafutukar sa tun yana dan shekara 14 a wani reshe na kungiyar Trotskyist jim kadan bayan tawayen da aka yi a shekara ta 2001. Matashin Ferreyra ya shiga cikin kulle-kullen da aka yi a 2002 a unguwar Avellaneda inda masu fafutuka biyu suka rasa rayukansu. 'Yan sanda sun harbe mambobin ma'aikatan da ba su da aikin yi Maximiliano Kosteki da Dario Santillan a cikin tashar jirgin kasa ta Avellenada. Wannan taron zai zama alamar rayuwar Ferreyra a cikin jajircewarsa na fafutuka kuma daga baya ya ɗaure shi ga makomar mutanen biyu. Shekaru takwas bayan haka, an kashe Ferryra kaɗan kaɗan daga inda Kosteki da Santillan suka mutu.
Wani mai daukar hoto da ya halarci abubuwan ya ce bayan da aka harbe Mariano ya ji wani mutum yana murna: "Wani kasa da hagu." Babu dai wanda aka kama dangane da kisan.
Ayyukan aiki
Ma'aikatan da ke zanga-zangar a kan layin dogo sun so jawo hankali ga aikin gama gari da ake kira fitar da kaya. Korar ma'aikata 140 ya haifar da zanga-zangar a ranar 20 ga Oktoba. Ma'aikatan wucin gadi na neman ma'aikatan da aka kora su samu aiki na dindindin a tashar jirgin kasa ta Roca.
Kwangilar kwangila, mai kama da tsarin jari-hujja na neoliberal, ya zama al'ada ta gama gari a cikin jama'a da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a Argentina. Ma'aikata, ana ɗaukar su na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar kamfanonin waje waɗanda ke ba da sabis tare da layin jirgin ƙasa. “Ma’aikatan da ba su da kwangiloli ana biyansu rabin abin da ake biyan ma’aikata na yau da kullun. Ba su da ’yancin yin tarayya ko kuma yin buƙatu,” in ji Ruben Sobrero, shugaban ƙungiyar wakilai daga layin dogo na Sarmiento.
An wargaza tsarin jirgin ƙasa na Argentina a lokacin da ake yawan sayar da ayyukan jama'a a cikin 1990's. "Menem tare da halartar shugabannin ƙungiyar na yanzu sun mayar da tsarin jirgin ƙasa zuwa wani kamfani kuma an kori ma'aikata fiye da 90,000," in ji Sobrero. A yau masu ba da tallafi da gwamnati ke ba da tallafi suna gudanar da tsarin jirgin ƙasa wanda ke ba da sabis ga miliyoyin fasinjoji waɗanda ke tafiya daga kewayen birni zuwa babban birnin ƙasar. Hatsarori da dama na faruwa a kowace shekara a sakamakon fadowar fasinjoji daga cikin jiragen kasa da ke cike da cunkoso.
“Suna sa mu ninka yawan aiki sau uku a matsayin ma’aikata na yau da kullun. Yawancin ma'aikata da yawa sun ji rauni na kasan bayansu kuma idan sun dawo daga hutun jinya ana kore su. Ba sa ba mu takalman aiki ko kayan kariya. Ba su ma ba mu ruwa a lokacin da muke aiki tare da titin jirgin kasa,” in ji Ariel Pintos.
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Train suna amfana daga wannan tsarin saboda suna samun kashi na tallace-tallace na tikiti kuma suna samun riba daga tallafawa bukatun kasuwanci. Akalla ma’aikata 600 ne wani kamfani mai zaman kansa da gwamnati ke ba tallafin don tafiyar da layukan jirgin kasa da ya taso daga babban birnin kasar zuwa bayan gari. "Jerin violet," kamar yadda ake kira ƙungiyar adawa a cikin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Train, sun shirya wani kamfen don kwangilar ma'aikata na yau da kullum da kuma kawo karshen kwangila tare da layin jirgin kasa. “Shugabannin UF ba sa son ma’aikata su toshe hanyoyin jirgin kasa saboda za su yi asarar wani bangare na siyar da tikitin. Haka kuma ba sa son ganin an kara wa ma’aikata albashi saboda hakan zai rage wa kungiyar kudaden daga kudaden kungiyar,” in ji Alfredo Esteban de Lucas wanda ma’aikacin karafa ne da ke kera jiragen kasa.
Kundin tsarin mulki
"Wannan lamarin ya nuna tashin hankalin kungiyar a wani bangare na abin da ake kira tsarin mulki na kungiyar, wanda ke amfani da wadannan dabaru don hana ma'aikata gudanar da kansu," in ji Sobrero a matsayin zababben wakilin kungiyar 'yan adawa. Wadannan tashe-tashen hankula sun kasance wani bangare na dadaddiyar al'adar tsarin kungiyar a kasar Argentina, inda 'yan kwadagon ke amfani da dabaru wajen tursasa ma'aikata kada su kada kuri'ar zaben 'yan adawa.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata kaɗai, wakilai daga ƙungiyoyi masu tasowa na ƙungiyoyi masu tasowa sun fuskanci barazana da hare-haren jiki. Ma'aikatan jirgin karkashin kasa sun shirya wata kungiya mai zaman kanta tun daga shekara ta 2006. Sun gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama don neman Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta ba da izinin amincewa da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, wacce ta fice daga kungiyar sufuri ta UTA. Tsohuwar matar da 'ya'yan Nestor Segovia, zababben wakilin kungiyar jirgin karkashin kasa, 'yan sanda da na kungiyar sufuri ta UTA ne suka kai wa hari a gidansu a lokacin da aka yi zargin cewa za a kori su a watan Nuwamba, 2009. “Aikin kungiyar kwadagon yana da karfi a yanzu saboda gwamnatin kasar. babban ƙungiyar CGT da gwamnati suna tallafawa na'urar. Lokacin da ake samun karuwar ma'aikata da na'urorin ba za su iya sarrafa su ba, tsarin mulki ya mayar da martani," in ji Segovia, a ranar zanga-zangar ta kasa.
Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Ma'aikata ta Duniya ta lissafa Kamfanin Kraft a Argentina a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin kamfanoni don haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa. Kungiyar Abinci da Shaye-shaye ba ta goyi bayan bukatun ma'aikatan Kraft ba ko kuma ta shiga tsakani lokacin da aka kori ma'aikata 140 daga masana'antar, wadanda yawancinsu an zabo su ne daga wakilan jam'iyyar adawa. A shekarar da ta gabata ma'aikatan gidan caca suma sun yi yaki da munanan hare-hare daga kungiyoyin ma'aikata a cikin kungiyarsu suna shirya kokarin samar da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta.
Babbar kungiyar jiragen kasa ta kasar (UF) ta yi barazanar hana ma'aikata yin zanga-zanga a ranar 20 ga Oktoba. Pablo Diaz, wakilin UF wanda yanzu haka ake tsare da shi kan kisan Ferreyra, ya bayyana a bainar jama'a a ranar zanga-zangar "Ba mu bane. za a ba da damar toshe layukan jirgin.” A watan Satumba, ma'aikatan jirgin kasa da ke karkashin yarjejeniyar sun shirya taron manema labarai a tashar jirgin kasa ta tsarin mulki don ba da rahoton korar ma'aikata 140. Wata ƙungiya daga UF's Green slate ta katse taron manema labarai, suna ihu tare da tura ma'aikatan da ba su da kwangila yayin da 'yan sanda ke kallo.
Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama, 'yan jarida da malaman jami'o'i sun yi kira da a yi tunani da kuma gyara a wakilcin kungiyar. "Abubuwan da suka faru suna buƙatar tunani game da mahimmancin gwagwarmaya don tabbatar da wakilcin ƙungiyar, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na canji daga samfurin neoliberal degulation na kariya ga ma'aikata zuwa kariya ga ma'aikata," in ji Cibiyar Nazarin zamantakewa da shari'a a cikin wata sanarwa ta jama'a. game da kashe Ferreyra.
Grassroots aiki shirya
A tattakin washegarin mutuwar Ferreyra, gungun da dama daga gungun ‘yan adawa sun yi maci sanye da kayan aikinsu. Segovia ta ce "Mafi yawan mu a nan mun fito ne daga 'yan adawa. Wannan yunkuri da ake kira grassroots unionism, ya kalubalanci gaskiya da kuma cin hanci da rashawa na tsare-tsare da kungiyoyi suka ce yana kokarin dakile zanga-zangar ma'aikata. Segovia ya kara da cewa gwamnati da shugabannin masana'antu sun damu cewa ma'aikata na iya buƙatar mafi kyawun albashi da yanayin aiki yayin da tattalin arzikin Argentina ya haɓaka tun 2003. "Dimokradiyyar ƙungiyar ta nuna cewa matsayi da matsayi na ma'aikata suna da murya don yin muhawara. Wakilin kungiyar ya kamata ya wakilci ma’aikata, a matsayina na wakili na kungiya an zabe ni don in nuna irin matsayi da matsayi ma’aikata ke bayarwa.”
Mutuwar Mariano Ferreyra na nuni da al'adar Peronisms (na tsohon shugaban kasar Juan Peron) na tsarin mulki na kungiyar kwadago da kai hare-hare kan ma'aikata wanda ya tayar da muni, duk da gwamnatin da ta dauki matakai na ci gaba. Duk da haka, bambance-bambancen ƴan adawa da majalisar wakilai masu fafutuka don samun wakilcin ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya na nuna haɓakar ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, wanda ke ci gaba da bunƙasa duk da ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa da tashe-tashen hankula daga ɓangaren shugabancin ƙungiyar.
Marie Trigona marubuciya ce, mai gabatar da rediyo kuma mai fassara Argentina. Ana iya samun ta ta hanyar shafinta, www.mujereslibres.blogspot.com
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