Tsarin na yanzu shine rashin lafiyar gaba.
- Saint-Just (1767-1794)
Yayin da nake rubuta waɗannan kalmomi, wata girgizar ƙasa ta tabbata tana ta mamaye siyasa da al'ummar Faransa. Makonni hudu cikin tashin hankali mafi muni tun daga lokacin makiyayarta tarzomar da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, manyan sassan kasar na ci gaba da girgiza sakamakon zanga-zangar da jama'a suka yi, da shingen hanyoyi da mamaya. A wannan Asabar da ta gabata, abin da ake kira rawaya rawaya - wani tsari mara tsari na fusatattun 'yan kasar mai suna bayan riguna masu launin rawaya, ana buƙatar dukkan direbobin Faransa su ajiye a cikin motocinsu idan akwai damuwa - sun bijirewa wani harin da ba a taɓa gani ba na tsaro don komawa titunan Paris da sauran biranen Faransa a ɗaruruwan su. na dubbai. Zanga-zangar dai ba za a iya kwatanta ta da kakkausar murya na kyama ga shugaban da ake raina Emmanuel Macron ba, da kuma cin zarafin da ya yi kan yanayin rayuwa na masu aiki.
A yayin da ‘yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma suka yi arangama da sauye-sauyen dabaru, wadanda a yanzu suka samu goyon bayan dimbin motoci masu sulke da ruwan sha. rawaya rawaya ba su yi nasarar shawo kan jami'an tsaro ba kamar yadda suka yi a karshen mako biyu da suka gabata, lokacin da wasu unguwanni masu arziki a babban birnin kasar suka farfasa a wuraren da ake fama da rikice-rikicen da ba a gani ba a tsakiyar birnin Paris tun daga watan Mayun 68. Koyaya, har ma da tattara 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma 89,000 da kama masu zanga-zangar sama da 1,700 a duk faɗin ƙasar ba za su iya hana riguna masu launin rawaya daga sake saukowa a kan manyan hanyoyin da suka kai ga Champs Élysées don "Dokar IV" na tawayensu. Mai magana da yawun ‘yan sandan ya bayyana cewa, saboda yadda tarzomar ta tarwatse, barnar da aka yi gaba daya ta barnar dukiya ta fi ta’adi fiye da na makonnin da suka gabata. Wasu garuruwan Faransa da dama kuma sun fuskanci tarzoma, ciki har da Bordeaux, Toulouse, Lyon, Dijon, Nantes da Marseille.
Abin da ya fara makonni hudu da suka gabata a matsayin martani ga fadin kasar ga kiran Facebook da wasu fusatattun direbobin manyan motoci biyu suka yi na su toshe hanyoyin cikin gida da tashoshi na haraji don nuna adawa da sabon harajin man fetur na “halin muhalli” da gwamnatin Macron ta bullo da shi a yanzu ya zarce gaba daya. -Tarewar jama'a ga shugaban bankin da hamshakan attajiran da yake wakilta a fili. Yayin da motsin wando mai launin rawaya - idan har ma za a iya siffanta shi da kyau - ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai ban sha'awa kuma yana cin karo da juna dangane da tsarin zamantakewa da kuma tsarin akida, ko shakka babu ya bude wata babbar matsala a siyasar Faransa. Cibiyar Neoliberal ta samu kanta a cikin kawanya, kuma ga dukkan alamu hukumomin siyasa sun rasa yadda za su mayar da martani. "Muna cikin wani yanayi na tawaye," Jeanne d'Hauteserre, magajin garin 8th Gundumar Paris, ta yi kuka a makon da ya gabata. "Ban taba ganin wani abu makamancinsa ba."
Makonni hudu kenan, boren kuma yana ci gaba da daurewa manyan 'yan jarida da masana. “The rawaya rawaya sun tarwatsa tsoffin rukunan siyasa,” wani mai fafutukar yada labaran Faransa ya shaida wa ROAR a daren ranar Asabar, bayan kwashe tsawon yini na tarzoma a babban birnin kasar. “Sun yi watsi da dukkan shugabannin siyasa, da dukkan jam’iyyun siyasa da duk wani nau’i na shiga tsakani na siyasa. Babu wanda ya san yadda za a tunkare ko magance wannan yunkuri - ba kafafen yada labarai ba, ba gwamnati ba, ko kuma wani. Abin da muke gani ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba a tarihin Faransa. " Yayin da sakamakon wadannan abubuwa masu ban mamaki ya kasance babu tabbas, a bayyane yake cewa a halin yanzu Faransa na rayuwa ta hanyar rugujewar yanayin tarihi, inda ta kai kasar ga wani wuri mara kyau. A gefen hagu, yanayin da ke fitowa yana ba da damammaki masu ban sha'awa, amma har ma da damamman haɗarin siyasa. Ta yaya masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu cin gashin kansu za su shiga cikin wannan yanayin da ba a sani ba da kuma rashin tabbas ba tare da manta da hadarin da ke gaba ba?
A zurfafa fahimtar rikici
A yanzu dai, abu guda ne kawai ya tabbata: fashewar hasarar da jama'a suka yi da kuma kutsawa cikin tsoffin nau'ikan siyasa ya bar wani gibi a tsakiyar siyasar Faransa. Sakamakon hankali na rikici da rudani yana da kyau. Makwanni da dama a yanzu, dukkanin manyan gidajen yada labarai suna ta yada hotunan ba tare da tsayawa ba na shingaye da kona shingayen, yayin da manyan jaridun suka rika yada labarin. rawaya rawaya zuwa shafukansu na gaba. A lokacin "Dokar III" ta boren ranar Asabar 1 ga Disamba, Hotunan talabijin kai tsaye da aka watsa ga miliyoyin mutane daga tsaunukan Alps zuwa Tekun Atlantika sun bayyana yadda 'yan sanda suka rasa iko a kan manyan sassan babban birnin kasar. Yayin da dubun-dubatar riguna masu launin rawaya suka mamaye Champs Élysées, wasu ƙungiyoyi sun shiga kewaye. beaux quartiers, inda suka kona motoci na alfarma, da gina shingaye, da farfasa tagogin banki, da wawashe shaguna na alfarma, da kuma lalata kayayyakin tarihi na jama’a.
A wani wurin kuma a kasar, daruruwan tituna, dakunan zagayawa da tashoshi da kuma wasu manyan kantunan rarraba man fetur da kuma Total matatun mai guda goma sha daya ne masu zanga-zangar suka rufe, yayin da tashar St Nazaire ke ci gaba da mamaye shi. Saboda fargabar a rasa kwata-kwata, wasu jami'an gwamnati sun fara fito fili suna kira da a kafa dokar ta-baci da hada-hadar sojoji don murkushe zanga-zangar da jama'a ke yi - ko kuma a kalla don taimakawa jami'an 'yan sanda da suka wuce gona da iri a babban birnin kasar. Hukumomi a Île de la Réunion, wani abin dogaro da Faransa a cikin Tekun Indiya mai yawan jama'a kusan 865,000, kwanan nan ya ayyana dokar ta-baci bayan da masu zanga-zangar a can suka mamaye jami'an tsaron yankin tare da toshe hanyar shiga babban tashar jiragen ruwa, filin jirgin sama da kuma lardin tsibirin.
A wannan Asabar din da ta gabata, 8 ga Disamba, hukumomin Faransa - sun yanke shawarar sake tabbatar da ikon kan titi - sun sanya manyan sassan tsakiyar birnin Paris kan kulle-kulle, tare da toshe hanyoyi, rufe tashoshin metro da aika motocin sulke da ruwan ruwa don karfafa layin 'yan sanda. Da safe, wani yanayi mai ban tsoro ya sauka a babban birnin Faransa yayin da dubban shaguna da gidajen cin abinci suka rufe kofofinsu tare da haye adon tagoginsu da fatan sake samun tashin hankali. Da yammacin rana, ya bayyana a fili cewa aikin tsaro na gwamnati wanda ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ya yi - ba abin mamaki ba - ya kasa dakile ayyukan. rawaya rawaya, wadanda suka sake kwararowa kan titunan da ke kewaye da Champs Élysées da yawan gaske, sai dai da alama sun karfafa a yunƙurinsu na tunkarar 'yan sanda tare da ƙarfafa amincewarsu da cewa dole ne Macron ya tafi.
Ganin yadda ‘yan sandan suka yi mumunan ta’adi, wanda ya sa a kalla masu zanga-zanga 120 ke bukatar agajin gaggawa na jinya, sake barkewar fadan duk ba makawa ne. A cikin wani m m, halin da ake ciki samu musamman mai tsanani a kusa da Boulevard Haussmann, mai suna bayan reactionary birane mai tsarawa a karkashin Napoleon III wanda ya tsara Paris ta wurin hutawa m hanyoyi musamman don kula da zamantakewa tsari da forestall kara m boren a farkawa na juyin juya halin 1848. 'Yan sanda harba harsasai na roba, gurneti masu ban mamaki da tarin tarin hayaki mai sa hawaye don ajiyewa rawaya rawaya Daga shiga wurin de l'Étoile inda Arc de Triomphe ke tsaye, amma yunƙurin tarwatsa masu zanga-zangar ya ci tura yayin da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban suka ci gaba da yin taro a kan manyan hanyoyin. Da daddare, an ci gaba da gwabza kazamin fada da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ganima a yankin da ke kewaye da Place de la République.
A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, rikicin siyasa ya ta'azzara saboda abin da ya zama ainihin haɗin kai na gwagwarmayar zamantakewa. A ranar 1 ga watan Disamba, direbobin motar daukar marasa lafiya suka shiga cikin fafatawar, inda suka yi zanga-zanga a gaban fadar shugaban kasa da kururuwar kururuwa. A ranar litinin 3 ga watan Disamba, daliban kasar Faransa sun jajirce kan gwagwarmayar da suke yi ta hanyar toshe hanyoyin shiga manyan makarantu sama da 200; A ranar alhamis din da ta gabata kimanin 100,000 daga cikinsu ne suka halarci zanga-zangar adawa da sauye-sauyen da Macron ya yi kan hanyoyin shigar jami'a da karin kudaden gudanarwa. Abin ban tsoro fim Dalibai goma sha biyu da 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma suka sanya su cikin matsuguni na tsawon lokaci ba da dadewa ba suka shiga yajin aiki tare da kara ruruta wutar rikici da kyamar 'yan sanda a tsakanin rawaya rawaya. Sa'an nan kuma, a ranar Asabar da ta gabata, dubban masana muhalli a wani zanga-zangar yanayi da aka riga aka tsara a birnin Paris, sun ba da rigar rawaya don hadin kai. A halin da ake ciki, manyan kungiyoyin manoma na Faransa da direbobin manyan motoci da ma'aikatan sufurin jama'a duk sun bayyana aniyarsu ta shiga yajin aikin.
Wani abin da ke kara tabarbarewar gwamnati dangane da wadannan al’amura shi ne irin goyon bayan da masu zanga-zangar ke samu daga jama’a. Kuri'u na nuna cewa sama da kashi biyu bisa uku na masu amsa sun amince da zaben rawaya rawaya, wanda ke nuna bambanci sosai da kashi 18 cikin dari na amincewa da Macron. Abin sha'awa, duk da haɗin gwiwar yaƙin neman zaɓe na gwamnati da kafa kafofin watsa labaru, waɗanda suka ci gaba da neman fitar da tsaka-tsaki tsakanin "ainihin" rawaya rawaya da kuma "yankin tsattsauran ra'ayi" na hagu-reshe da dama casseurs, ko kuma “’yan iska”, masu zanga-zangar da kansu sun ki yarda a raba su ta wannan layi, suna nuna juriya mai yawa na lalata dukiya da kuma arangama ta jiki da ‘yan sanda, tare da samar da karin abubuwan tsageru tare da babban dakin motsa jiki. A lokacin da aka farfasa bankuna da dama sannan wasu motoci na alfarma suka tashi da wuta a ranar Asabar, an ji taron jama'a suna ta rurin amincewa - daga baya kuma sun yi ta murna ga jami'an kashe gobara yayin da suke kashe wutar.
Motsi mai saɓani da sabani
Idan aka yi la’akari da irin sarkakiyar da ke tattare da ita, ya zuwa yanzu kafafen yada labarai na kasa da kasa sun kasa fahimtar wannan lamari mai cike da rudani na rigar rigar launin rawaya, inda rahotanni da dama suka shiga cikin wani sabon salo na rashin kyama da kyamar dabi’ar Faransawa. Mawallafi ɗaya don The Guardian har rubuta "Ba su taba ganin irin barnar da ta dabaibaye ni a wasu manyan titunan birnin Paris a ranar Asabar - irin wannan bazuwar kiyayya, ba wai kawai ga 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma ba amma a wuraren ibada ga Jamhuriyar Faransa da kanta kamar Arc. de Triomphe." Don ma'auni mai kyau, marubucin ya kara da cewa "wani matsananci reshe na rawaya rawaya ya koma ga kyamar cibiyoyin dimokuradiyya da alamun nasara da wadata. "
A ranar Litinin, ba a sake ginawa ba soixante-huitard maci amanar aji Daniel Cohn-Bendit ya yanke shawarar cim in haka kuma, yin Allah wadai da rawaya rawaya - gaskiya ga salo a matsayin martani na Bourbon na gargajiya - saboda "mafi girman kai" da "tashe-tashen hankula" nasu, yayin da ba su ce komai ba game da mummunan zalunci na 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma na Faransa. Wasu daga cikin munanan raunukan da ’yan sandan suka yi CRS da Lac a ranar Asabar din da ta gabata ta hada da wata budurwa a birnin Paris da ta rasa kwayar ido bayan da aka harbe ta a kai da harsashin roba, da kuma wani mutum a Nantes da ya rasa hannu bayan da ya dauki gurneti da gangan yana tunanin tankar hayaki ce. The rawaya rawaya, ba shakka, har yanzu ba a tura motocin sulke ba, ko harba wani makami ko kuma balle dan sanda. Su "tashin hankali", kamar yadda Pamela Anderson - na dukan mutane! - yana da hankali sosai jãyayya, ya kasance kusan gaba ɗaya alama.
Ga duk abin da yake burgewa, duk da haka, ya kamata a bayyana a fili cewa ba'a na Cohn-Bendit na rawaya rawaya ya yi nisa da wani keɓewar abin da ya faru; lalle ne, da kyau yana nuna tsananin raini da masu mulkin Faransa suka yi wa marasa ilimi a tarihi jacques bonhommes, rashin kunya masu fada a ji, marasa tarbiyya sans-culottes - a taƙaice, duk ƙauyen da ba su da ɗabi'a da lumpen waɗanda ko ta yaya suka tattara girman kai don yin watsi da ikon Allah na sarki. Yaɗuwar amfani da kalmar casseurs shaida ce kan hakan, kamar yadda furucin ministan cikin gida Christophe Castaner ya yi a makon da ya gabata cewa "kungiyyar ta haifi dodo." Zabi ne na kalmomi da ba za su yi fice ba a cikin yawan cin mutuncin da Versaillais ya taɓa yi a kan kwamitocin, kafin a ci gaba da yin kisan gilla ga mutane sama da 20,000 masu aiki a Paris da ake zargi da hannu a tawaye a shekara ta 1871. Kamar yadda mashahurin marubucin Faransa Édouard Louis ya yi fice. saka shi, da vests yellows, kamar magabata. "Suna wakiltar wani nau'i na gwajin Rorschach don babban ɓangaren bourgeoisie, [tilastawa] su nuna rashin amincewarsu da tashin hankalin da yawanci kawai suke nunawa ta hanyar kai tsaye."
Gaskiyar lamarin ita ce, ba ita kanta motsi ba ne, amma sake fasalin tsarin mulkin faransa ne ya haifar da wani dodo - dodo na mai son kishin kasa mai tsatsauran ra'ayi. Don haka, bai kamata ya zo da mamaki ba rigar rawaya Lamarin ya fara ne da ƙafar da ba ta dace ba, a matsayin zanga-zangar adawa da harajin da wasu mutane da dama da ke da sananniya na kyamar baƙi da kuma alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin dama. A cikin makonnin farko na toshe hanyoyin, kafofin yada labarai sun ba da rahoton wasu abubuwa masu tayar da hankali na wariyar launin fata, jima'i da kuma nuna kyama, musamman a wasu yankuna na Faransa. Har ila yau, ba za a iya musantawa ba cewa da yawa daga cikin masu ra'ayin kishin kasa, sarakuna, farkisanci da kuma na Nazi sun shiga fafatawar da aka yi a birnin Paris cikin 'yan makonnin nan.
Duk da haka, duk da wannan matsala ta farko da kuma ci gaba da magana game da alamomin haɗin kai na ƙasa kamar tricolor da Marseillaise, Tashe-tashen hankulan masu launin rawaya da sauri sun mamaye karfin abubuwan da ke hannun dama ko kuma Le Pen's Rassemblement National don da'awar motsi a matsayin nasu. Yayin da zanga-zangar ke bazuwa kamar wutar daji kuma ta mamaye cikin wani gagarumin tashin hankali na jama'a a kan yaron-sarkin Macron da 'yan rajin sa, daruruwan dubban 'yan kasar da suka ayyana kansu "'yan siyasa" - galibinsu masu zanga-zangar farko ba tare da wani fadan titi ba. gwaninta - an jawo su cikin shingen hanyoyi da zanga-zangar jama'a. A sakamakon haka, tsarin zamantakewa da madaidaicin akida na motsi ya zama mai ban sha'awa tare da kowane aiki na tawaye, yana buɗewa har zuwa babban yanki mai girma tsakanin Dokar 'yan mazan jiya da kuma Kusa da Ayyukan Manzanni III da IV.
Sakamakon shi ne cewa rawaya rawaya, ko da yake lalle ba wakilin dukan Faransa yawan, za a iya yanzu a amince a classified a matsayin wani rare taro motsi. Don haka, tsarin zamantakewa da daidaitawar akida na mahalartansa ta ma'ana yana nuna wasu bambance-bambancen da ake samu a cikin al'umma mafi girma - wanda wata hanya ce ta daban ta cewa motsi ya ƙunshi yawancin sabani iri ɗaya da kuma kuskuren siyasa da suka rigaya. gudu ta cikin zamani Faransa a babban. Idan da rigar rawaya Al'amarin ya kasance cikin rudani kuma yana da wahala a iya tantance shi a siyasance, wanda watakila ba shi da alaƙa da duk wani gazawar ɗabi'a daga ɓangaren ma'aikatan Faransa fiye da yadda yake da rashin tsari da kuma ɓarnatar da yanayin al'ummar ƙasar bayan dimokuradiyyar 'yan jari hujja - kanta sakamakon shekaru arba'in na sake fasalin tsarin mulkin neoliberal da rugujewar siyasa.
Hatsari da dama
Amma ko da ya kamata mu ba condescend da rawaya rawaya saboda yanayin motsinsu da ya sabawa juna, mu iya - kuma tabbas ya kamata - a yi hankali da hatsarori da ke tattare da raba fage mai fa'ida na takara tare da 'yan wariyar launin fata, jima'i da 'yan luwadi da dama. Har zuwa wani lokaci, ana iya jayayya cewa irin wannan sa hannu na dama ba makawa a cikin taron jama'a masu yawan gaske kamar rigunan rawaya. Kalubale ga babban hagu, to, ba zai zama yin Allah wadai da irin wannan "ƙazanta" daga jin daɗin kujerun da ke hannunta ba, amma don hana waɗannan abubuwa masu nisa daga kafa matsayi mai girma a cikin motsi. Tun da yake bai yi kama da fushin jama'a wanda ya haifar da tayar da kayar baya ba zai wargaje nan ba da jimawa ba, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu cin gashin kansu ba su da wani zabi illa. rayayye shiga tare da wannan yunkuri a kokarin kawar da ra'ayin wariyar launin fata da kishin kasa gwargwadon iko.
Abin godiya, hagu yana da yalwar "kayan abu" da za a yi aiki da su ta wannan bangaren. Idan akwai abu ɗaya da ke haɗaka rawaya rawaya, kiyayyar da suke da ita ce ga shugaba Macron da kuma adawar su baki daya ga munanan manufofinsa na kyamar talakawa. A matsayin daya daga cikin masu zanga-zangar yellow vest bayyana, “Mataki na farko da Macron ya yi a ofis shi ne ya zaftare harajin dukiya ga masu hannu da shuni yayin da yake yanke kudade daga gidajen talakawa. Wannan zalunci ne babba.” Ana iya gani daga wannan hangen nesa, harajin mai "haɓaka muhalli" da aka raina da gaske ƙoƙari ne kawai don daidaita kudaden shiga da aka rasa da kuma sanya farashin rikicin yanayi a kan ma'aikata - wani ɓangare da ɓangaren rawar siyasa na Macron a matsayin mai juyawa Robin Hood don ’yan jari hujja: satar talakawa su ba masu hannu da shuni. A cikin mafi kyawun zaɓi don Jacobin, Aurélie Diana neatly ya taƙaita wasu matsananciyar rashin daidaito a zuciyar aikin neoliberal na Macron:
Nan da nan da ya isa ofis, Macron ya soke harajin Hadin kai (ISF), yana ba da Yuro biliyan 4 ga masu arziki; kuma ya ƙarfafa Tax Credit for Solidarity and Employment (CICE), wani shirin rage haraji da keɓancewa da ke tura Yuro biliyan 41 a shekara ga kamfanonin Faransa, gami da na ƙasa da ƙasa. Ba da daɗewa ba, tare da lissafin kasafin kuɗi na 2018, Macron ya kafa haraji mai fa'ida wanda ya ba da damar rage haraji akan babban birnin kasar, tare da ba da wani Yuro biliyan 10 ga masu arziki… Kamar dai hakan bai isa ba, sabon "harajin carbon" zai yi nauyi sau biyar. mai yawa akan kasafin kuɗi na masu matsakaicin matsayi fiye da na manyan aji. Amma duk da haka gwamnati ba ta dauki matakin daidaita wannan a fili rashin daidaito ba - alal misali ta ba da taimako ga iyalai a kan mafi ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi.
Kalubale ga babban hagu, to, zai kasance don ginawa a kan yadda jama'a ke nuna fushinsu game da rashin kulawa da Macron ga masu aiki yayin da yake ƙoƙari ya jagoranci fushin jama'a a cikin hanyar da ta fi dacewa da tsarin, yana bayyana maganganun adawa da wariyar launin fata. neman babban haɗin gwiwa tare da ma'aikata masu yajin aiki, ɗalibai masu zanga-zangar da waɗanda ba a taɓa gani ba banlieues. Labari mai dadi shi ne, 'yan uwa a Faransa sun riga sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a yawancin waɗannan fagage, suna shirya masu adawa da jari-hujja da masu adawa da wariyar launin fata. rawaya vest zanga-zangar daga tashar jirgin kasa ta St. Lazare a lokacin Ayyukan Manzanni III da IV, suna yin tsageru antifascist brigades don rayayye cire matsananci-na kasa da kuma farin supremacist abubuwa daga general zanga-zanga, da kuma kokarin samun fadi motsi to articulate a more tsarin zargi na jari-hujja ta hanyar daukar a kan alamomin hukuma iko da bourgeois wuce haddi.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wannan sabon lokaci mai tasowa, dakarun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu cin gashin kansu za su iya ginawa a kan gadon kungiya da kuma tarin kwarewa na wasu muhimman gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ciki har da:
- Gwagwarmayar 'yan sandan wariyar launin fata a cikin banlieues, wanda ya haifar da tarzoma a cikin 2016 da kuma abubuwan da suka biyo baya. Comité Vérité et Justice pour Adama, wata fitacciyar kungiyar da aka kafa don mayar da martani ga mutuwar Adama Traoré mai shekaru 24 da ba a bayyana ba a hannun 'yan sanda a waccan shekarar. Ya kasance kwamitin wanda ya yi kira da a kafa kungiyar masu adawa da wariyar launin fata tare da rawaya rawaya a lokacin Ayyukan III da IV na tawaye.
- Yawan juriya da Loi Travail a cikin 2016, wanda ya ƙunshi watanni da yawa na dakatarwar aiki, zanga-zangar jama'a, tashe tashen hankula da kuma aikin wucin gadi na Place de la République Nuit Debout motsi, a cikin al'amuran da ke tunawa da Mutanen Espanya damuwa, Girkanci aganaktismenoi da kuma ƙungiyoyin mamaya na ƙasa da ƙasa. Macron ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun masu goyon bayan sake fasalin dokar aiki da aka raina, wanda ya kafa alaka kai tsaye tsakanin adawa da gwamnatin. Loi Travail da kuma tashin wando na rawaya.
- The tsaro na ZAD, wani yanki mai cin gashin kansa a cikin ƙaramin gundumar yammacin Notre-Dame-des-Landes wanda ya yi nasarar gwagwarmayar gina filin jirgin sama a cikin wurin ajiyar yanayi na kusa tsawon shekaru, kuma a farkon wannan shekara ya kare wani mummunan yunkurin korar sojoji da aka yi. Kasar Faransa bayan kwashe kwanaki da dama ana fafatawa da 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma na Macron. Da yawa Zadistes sun kasance a wurin tattakin Yellow Vest na St. Lazare ranar Asabar.
- The #NousToutes motsi na mata, Faransanci mai ƙarfi daidai da #Ne ma, wanda ke shirya ayyuka don nuna adawa da cin zarafin mata, ciki har da zanga-zangar da aka yi a fadin kasar a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba. A Montpellier, zanga-zangar ta mata ta samu karbuwa daga wajen rawaya rawaya tare da tsare mutunci.
Abubuwan da ke kunno kai tsakanin waɗannan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar da ake ci gaba da yi da taron jama'a na rawaya rawaya nuni da yuwuwar zanga-zangar ta launin rawaya, duk da farawa a matsayin tawaye na haraji tare da ra'ayin mazan jiya, amma duk da haka za a iya kaiwa ga ci gaba. Wani ci gaba mai ban sha'awa game da wannan shine kiran kwanannan da rawaya rawaya of Commercy, a arewa maso gabashin Faransa, don ba da shawarar gina "kwamitocin gida masu cin gashin kansu, dimokuradiyya kai tsaye, babban taron jama'a, wakilai masu cikakken izini, sokewa a kowane lokaci, jujjuya ayyuka." A kan wannan, ƙungiyoyin gida za su haɗa kai don guje wa farfaɗowar siyasa, masu kiran kansu shugabanni, ko wakilai ba tare da wani muhimmin umarni daga tushe ba. A matsayin mai shirya gida Pierre Bance yana sanya shi, "Lokacin kwaminisanci har yanzu yana kara!"
Mafi kyawun duk shakka
Duk da haka, duk da waɗannan damammaki da suka kunno kai da kuma yaɗuwar sha'awar juyin juya hali, akwai ƙalubale da yawa. Lokacin da taron jama'a a hankali ya fara ƙarewa a cikin makonni masu zuwa - kamar yadda babu makawa za su yi, musamman tare da bukukuwan da ke tafe - mashahuri bacin rai za ta ci gaba da yin kururuwa a kasa da kasa a duk fadin kasar. Yayin da wasu daga cikin shahararrun makamashin ba shakka za a tura su cikin sabbin ƙungiyoyin jama'a da shirye-shirye na asali, mafi keɓancewar mutum takaici zai kasa samun wata hanya mai fa'ida nan take. A cikin faɗuwar rana, tambayoyi masu yawa za su taso game da gadon siyasa na riguna masu launin rawaya, kuma shugabannin 'yan adawa na hagu da dama za su ci gaba da yin kutse da juna don a amince da su a matsayin halastaccen "magaji" na babban tawaye.
A cikin wannan mahallin, yanayi mai ban tsoro na shugabancin Le Pen, wanda aka ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar ƙwaƙƙwaran taron jama'a, yana kan gaba. Rikicin siyasa da aka yi a zanga-zangar da aka yi a Brazil a shekara ta 2013 da juyin juya halin Ukraine na 2014, da kuma zanga-zangar da aka yi a Italiya a shekara ta 2013, ya nuna a fili cewa ba za a raina wannan hadarin ba. Haka kuma, kamar yadda tunawa da watan Mayu 68 ke tunatar da mu, ba za mu iya ware yiwuwar cewa, ko da dakarun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ci gaba sun yi nasara a yakin a tituna, 'yancin na iya samun nasara a yakin a akwatin zabe. Wannan hatsarin ya sa ya zama mafi mahimmanci ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, masu ci gaba da masu zaman kansu na zamantakewar al'umma don amfani da ƙungiyoyin jama'a da ke gudana don shimfiɗa kayan aikin motsa jiki na yau da kullum don tsayin daka na antifascist wanda zai iya fara aiki nan da nan idan aka sami nasarar zaɓe ga Rassemblement National. .
Duk da wadannan manyan hatsarurrukan, duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci kada a hada kan musabbabin yuwuwar shugabancin Le Pen da rawar da tashe tashen hankulan da ke tattare da rigunan rawaya a matsayin wani abu na rugujewar cibiyar neoliberal. A karshe bincike, da rawaya rawaya alama ce kawai na babban rikicin doka da ya dabaibaye tsarin siyasa; za su iya yin gaggawar ruɗar da ba makawa, amma da wuya su ke da alhakin wannan cuta ta yanzu. 'Yan kasar da suka damu da a yanzu suke bayyana fargabar cewa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya za su nemi cin gajiyar zanga-zangar ba lallai ba ne, amma sun yi watsi da gaskiyar cewa Le Pen a zahiri ta zo ne a cikin gashin kan lashe zaben shugaban kasa watanni 18 da suka gabata, kuma da an riga an riske shi Macron a zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin Tarayyar Turai a watan da ya gabata, kafin a fara shingayen riguna masu launin rawaya. A wasu kalmomi, idan Le Pen ta zama shugabar Faransa na gaba, hakan ba zai faru ba rigar rawaya tashin hankali; zai kasance sakamakon fatara na tsohuwar hanyar siyasa bayan shekaru arba'in na faɗaɗa ra'ayi mai daraja. Idan babu sahihiyar hagu mai sahihanci, rikicin cibiyar neoliberal ya riga ya nuna dama.
Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sakamakon rashin lafiya ba a rubuta shi da dutse ba. Yayin da tawaye da ke ci gaba da yi ka iya karfafa matsayin Le Pen a zaben shugaban kasa mai zuwa, hakan na iya kawo cikas ga shi. Bayan haka, shugabar ta dama a halin yanzu tana samun kanta a cikin wani yanayi mara kyau da kuma rashin dawwama. A gefe guda, hotonta da aka zana a hankali a matsayin mai adawa da kafawa daga waje yadda ya kamata ya tilasta mata ta jefa nauyinta a baya na farkon zanga-zangar adawa da haraji lokacin da shingen riga na farko na rawaya ya bayyana. A gefe guda, duk da haka, yayin da waɗannan zanga-zangar suka ci gaba da haɓaka cikin sauri zuwa wani taron jama'a masu adawa da rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki da gata na bourgeois, wanda ya haɗa da lalata dukiya da tashin hankali da 'yan sanda, dole ne ta kare shaidarta a matsayin wanda aka fi so " doka da oda” dan takarar mai gargajiya karama bourgeoisie. Sakamakon ya kasance jerin kalamai masu cin karo da juna suna yin Allah wadai da wasu abubuwa na tayar da zaune tsaye tare da rungumar wasu. Wannan shubuha na iya buɗe kofa ga hagu don cin gajiyar ra'ayin da ya yaɗu na adawa da kafa ta hanyar bayyana kanta a matsayin kawai ingantacciyar ƙarfin adawa.
A cikin wannan haske, haɗarin da ke da sauri ga hagu zai bayyana yana kwance a cikin jihar da ke tafe a kan wasu abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin motsi. Bayan sake fasalin dabarun da ya biyo bayan mugun halin da take ciki na Ayyukan Manzanni na II da na III, sabbin hanyoyin da gwamnati za ta bi sun fara bayyana a fili a cikin jawabin da Macron ya yi wa al'ummar ta talabijin a daren ranar Litinin, inda shugaban da aka wulakanta ya ke magana daga baya. tebur a dakin zinare na fadar Élysée - ya bayyana aniyarsa ta yin la'akari da korafe-korafen 'yan kasa yayin da a lokaci guda ya sha alwashin "hakuri" ga masu tayar da hankali. Wadannan kalamai a fili wani bangare ne na babban yunƙuri na haɗa kai da “jama’ar ‘yan siyasa” a cikin ƙungiyar rawaya mai launin rawaya yayin da take murkushe ‘yan tarzoma a lokaci guda.
A taƙaice, lamarin ya kasance cikin ruwa sosai kuma har yanzu yana iya tasowa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A ranar Asabar din da ta gabata, wani mai zanga-zangar ya dauki hankulan jama'a a Faransa tare da rubuta wata tambaya mai sauki a bayan rigarsa mai launin rawaya: kuma yanzu? Abin da zai faru na gaba shine tunanin kowa - amma yanzu ya bayyana cikin sauri cewa kafa siyasa ta tsakiya tana kan aiwatar da zaɓe. Ko da sakamakon bai tabbata ba, ƙila a cikin wannan yanayi na ruɗani ne a yanzu hagu ya nemi amsoshi. Domin kamar yadda Bertolt Brecht ya taɓa sanya ta a cikin waƙarsa mai ban sha'awa. Cikin Yabon Shakka*:
… mafi kyawun duk shakka
Shine lokacin da aka wulakanta kuma mai yanke kauna
dago kawunansu da
Dakatar da imani da ƙarfi
Na azzalumai.
* Lura: Godiya ta musamman ga ɗalibi na, Stanley, wanda ya kawo mini wannan waƙa a cikin ƙwaƙƙwaran gabatarwar aji a makon da ya gabata.
Jerome Roos ɗan'uwan LSE ne a Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa na Duniya a Makarantar Tattalin Arziƙi ta London, kuma editan kafa na Mujallar ROAR. Littafinsa na farko, Me yasa Ba Tsoho ba? Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa Na Bashi Mai Mulki, yana fitowa daga Jami'ar Princeton Press.
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