Hoto: David Bacon |
Amurka a yau tana fuskantar matsalar tattalin arziki mafi muni fiye da kowane tun lokacin Babban Bala'in na 1930s. Babu inda ya fi kaifi kamar a makarantun kasar. Ba abin mamaki ba ne a shekarar da ta gabata an ga yajin aiki, da fitan dalibai, da tashe-tashen hankula a jihohin kasar nan, da nufin fifita bankuna da dillalan hannun jari a kan yara. California ba togiya. A gaskiya ma, wasu jihohi sun kalli cikin firgita kawai akan girman gibin kasafin kudinta - a wani lokaci fiye da dala biliyan 34. Ingancin makarantun jama'a ya ragu yayin da girman azuzuwan ke bacewa kuma kayan aiki sun ɓace cikin guguwar ruwan hoda. Ƙirar kuɗin ya kori dubun-dubatar daga kwalejojin al'umma da harabar jami'a.
Amma California ba kawai wanda aka azabtar ba. A bara ta ga cikakkiyar guguwar zanga-zanga a kusan kowane bangare na tsarin ilimi. Malaman K-12 sun gina haɗin gwiwa tare da iyaye da ɗalibai don yin gwagwarmaya don ayyukansu da makarantunsu. Dalibai sun fito daga kwalejojin al'umma kuma sun yi balaguro zuwa gagarumin zanga-zanga a babban taro. Sana'o'in gine-gine da yajin aiki sun girgiza Jami'ar California (UC) da Jami'ar Jihar California (CSU). A tare, sun kalubalanci yadda ake karkatar da kudaden da ake kashewa a halin yanzu na matsalar tattalin arzikin jihar zuwa ilimi, wanda ke da matukar tasiri ga al’ummomin da ba su dace ba. Masu fafutuka sun yi tambaya game da komai tun daga shingen gine-gine zuwa kara sabbin haraji zuwa karkatattun abubuwan da suka shafi kasafin kudi da ke fifita gidajen yari fiye da makarantu.
Tashi da Faɗuwar Tsarin Jagora
Lokacin da koma bayan tattalin arziki a halin yanzu, California ta riga ta faɗi daga ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ƙasar a cikin tallafin ilimin kowane ɗalibi a cikin 1950 zuwa 49 a cikin jihohi 50 a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Wannan faɗuwar ya wuce faɗuwar dala kawai. Ya kasance ƙarshen alkawari ga matasanta wanda ya fara a cikin 1960, lokacin da guguwar kishin jama'a ta sa masu sassaucin ra'ayi su mallaki Majalisar Dokokin California da gidan gwamna. Tare, sun fitar da wani tsari na musamman na ilimi mai zurfi wanda ya yi wa kowane dalibi alƙawarin samun wasu digiri na karatun gaba da sakandare. Kwalejojin al'umma sun kasance kyauta, a ko'ina, kuma sun karɓi kowa. UCs ba su da koyarwa kuma suna cajin "kudade" na ƙididdiga kawai don ayyukan jami'a. Yajin aikin da dalibai na duniya na uku suka jagoranta da zanga-zangar 'yancin jama'a sun bude kofa ga mutane masu launi da kuma matasan iyalai masu aiki gaba daya. Sunan jihar a matsayin mai karfin tattalin arziki da fasaha ya kasance bashi mai yawa ga daliban da suka wuce tsarin a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya.
A shekarar da ta gabata, wannan zamanin bai zama abin tunawa ba ga ɗaliban da suka girma a cikin shekarun da ke raguwar tsammanin. Duk da haka a kan takarda, aƙalla, alkawarin ya kasance. Da yake kira ga ɗalibai da malamai a cibiyoyin UC da su yi yaƙi maimakon dainawa, masanin ilimin zamantakewa Mike Davis ya kira shi babban ƙalubale. "Adalci da adalci suna cikin hatsari a kowane mataki na Babban Tsarin Ilimi," in ji shi. Davis ya yi kira ga ’yan uwansa malaman jami’o’in da su duba ta tagogin ofishinsu. “Dukiyoyin batsa har yanzu suna yaduwa a kan tsaunukan da ke bakin teku, amma biranen da ke ciki da kuma kwaruruka masu launin shudi suna fuskantar mutuwar mafarkin California. 'Ya'yansu - kada mu yi wa daji - ana korarsu daga manyan makarantu. Ana yanke musu makomarsu a gwiwa.”
Yajin aiki! ya bukace su. "Yajin aikin," in ji shi, "ta hanyar daidaita ayyuka da kalmomi, shine mafi girman nau'in koyarwa. Ranar 24 (ranar Satumbar da ta gabata don tafiya ta farko) ita ce farkon koyon yadda ake ihu tare."
Hoto: David Bacon |
Bugawa!
Wasiƙar Davis ta zo daidai lokacin da cikakkiyar guguwa ta fara ginawa. Walƙiya ta fara tashi a jami'o'in, wuraren da aka fi samun rigima mafi muni a California a bara. Tsarin jami'a na California ya haɗa da UC 10 da 23 CSU harabar. An fara shirya tun kafin dalibai su dawo azuzuwan faɗuwa. Ricardo Gomez, shugaban ɗalibi na UC Berkeley ya ce: “Na shiga yaƙin da aka yi a baya game da rage kasafin kuɗi lokacin da suka kasance masu tawali’u. “Mun san cewa kasafin kudin jihar na dala biliyan 34 za a yi amfani da shi wajen rage kudin ilimi, kuma masu rike da mukamai za su sanya karin kudi a kan teburi. A wannan karon mun kuduri aniyar yin wani abu na daban, don ficewa daga tsarin gwamnatin dalibai.”
Dalibai da ma’aikatan jami’o’i sun kafa kwamitin yajin aikin na hadin gwiwa wanda tun farko suka nemi kulla kawance da malamai a kowace harabar jami’a. "Tsarin da ke kan kowane harabar ya kasance a buɗe ga kowa," in ji Gomez. "Daga ranar farko ta darasi, an kunna mutanen da ba su taɓa shiga ciki ba. . . . Mun so ƙungiyar jama'a ta shirya zanga-zangar. A lokaci guda kuma mun kafa kwamitoci da za su kafa gidajen yanar sadarwa, mu yi posters da fosta, sannan muka hada jerin gwano”. A karshen watan Agusta, kwamitin ya sanya ranar da za a gudanar da zanga-zangar ta farko—fitilar da aka shirya yi a ranar 24 ga Satumba.
Ɗayan dalili na abin da ya zama matakin shigar da malamai wanda ba a taɓa gani ba shi ne ƙaura daga mukaman da aka ba da izini zuwa ga yawaitar ayyukan malamai masu yawa, tare da ƙarancin albashi da ƙarancin tsaro. UC tana da membobin malamai kusan 19,400, amma kusan 9,000 ne kawai ke da aiki a yau. Bayyana tasirin da aka yi a UC Santa Cruz shine korar Susanne Jonas da Guillermo Delgado, masu koyarwa a cikin Nazarin Latin Amurka da Latino tare da fiye da shekaru ashirin na girma kowanne, da kuma ƙarshen shirin Nazarin Al'umma. Malaman makaranta sune farkon wadanda abin ya shafa na yankewa a kowace harabar.
Gwamna Arnold Schwarzenegger da masu kula da UC sun tabbatar da shigar da wani yanki tare da yakin su a kan kungiyoyin jami'a. Blue-collar UC membobin Tarayyar Amurka, County, da Ma'aikatan Municipal (AFSCME) sun sami kyakkyawan kwangila bayan shekaru na faɗa. Sun ga ribar da suka samu ta kuɓuce a cikin furloughs da kora. Har yanzu dai Jami'ar Kwararru da Ma'aikatan Fasaha (UPTE) ba ta da wata kwangila, kuma ta kada kuri'a don yajin aiki a ranar 24 ga Satumba.
Ci gaba da huce haushin, jerin abubuwan da kafofin watsa labarai suka fallasa sun nuna ƙarin albashi ga manyan shugabannin UC. A taron masu mulki na Satumba 15-17, wasu sun sami karuwa har zuwa kashi 30 (har zuwa $ 52,000 a kowace shekara) akan albashi a cikin kewayon $ 200,000 zuwa $ 400,000.
Farfesa Bettina Aptheker na UC Santa Cruz na Nazarin Mata ya kira yajin aikin na Satumba 24 "mafi girman matakin haɗin kai, watakila, a tarihin UCs. Shi ne na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci wajen kare ilimin jama'a, sannan kuma a goyan bayan gudanar da mulki na raba, wanda malamai da dalibai, amma musamman malamai, an ba da damar yin tasiri a haƙiƙanin manufofi da yanke shawara. Na uku, shi ne goyon bayan duk wani bukatu da kungiyar ta bukaci tattaunawa da kwangiloli.”
Duk da haka, shugaban UC Mark Yudof ya ba da shawarar karuwar kashi 32 cikin XNUMX na kudade a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Wannan shawarar ta kusan ba da tabbacin cewa taron masu mulki na Nuwamba, da aka shirya za a kada kuri'a a kai, za a gai da shi ta hanyar karin tafiya. Kamar yadda masu mulki suka hadu, ɗalibai sun mamaye gine-gine a Los Angeles, Berkeley, Santa Cruz, da Davis. Zanga-zangar ta girgiza sauran jami'o'i biyar.
Yudof ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar a cikin wani sharhi da ya yi na katsalandan a cikin New York Times. Schwarzenegger ma ya yi. "Duk suna kururuwa," in ji shi. "Dole ne kowa ya danne bel dinsa." Amma a harabar jami'o'in, an tilasta wa kansila su mayar da martani. Da farko sun hukunta daliban da suka mamaye gine-gine. Wani gini na biyu a Berkeley a watan Disamba ya kai ga kama dalibai 65. A lokacin, sana'o'i sun bazu cikin tsarin jami'o'in jihar ma, bisa irin wannan karin kudin koyarwa da rage kasafin kudi. A duka Berkeley da San Francisco, 'yan sanda sun mamaye gine-ginen maimakon yin shawarwarin ficewar daliban, kamar yadda suka yi a baya.
Amma duk da haka an juya wasu raguwar. Sa'o'in ɗakin karatu da aka yanke a Berkeley da Santa Cruz, alal misali, an dawo dasu. A Los Angeles, zanga-zangar ta sami goyon bayan shugabar gwamnati don ƙarin taimako ga ɗaliban da ba su da takardar izini. Kuma a karkashin matsin lamba na yajin aiki da zanga-zangar, UPTE a ƙarshe ta sami kwangila.
Rikici Yana Boye Shirye-shiryen Sake Tsari
Schwarzenegger da masu rike da mukamai suna amfani da rikicin kasafin kudi na jihar don ciyar da wata manufa mafi girma - sauyi a yadda ake ba da tallafin ilimi a California, abin da ake amfani da kuɗin, da wanda zai iya samun ilimi mai zurfi.
Liz Hall, darektan kungiyar UC Student Association da UC Berkeley alumna ya ce: "Ƙarar kashi 32 cikin ɗari ba wai kawai yana lalata damar ɗalibai zuwa tsarin ba, musamman ɗalibai masu launi daga iyalai masu aiki, amma har ila yau yana cikin shirin ba da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu." . "Ba kamar kudaden da ake samu daga jihar ba, wadanda aka takaita ta yadda jami'a za ta iya amfani da su, ana iya amfani da kudaden da ake biya ta yadda gwamnati ta so." Ta yi nuni da cewa shawarar gina babbar kwamfuta ta UC da magajin Yudof, Robert Dynes ya yi, ya ci tura saboda majalisar ba za ta ba da kuɗaɗen ba. "Tare da kuɗin kuɗi, masu gudanar da UC za su iya ƙaddamar da duk wani bincike da ayyukan dabbobi da suke so, kuma su ba abokan cinikinsu albashi mai yawa. Haɓakar waɗannan kuɗaɗen da ba a iyakance ba shine dalili ɗaya da muke samun badakalar biyan kuɗi a kowane ƴan shekaru. Masu mulki suna gudanar da UC kamar kamfani mai riba." (A California high ed, "kudade" a zahiri yana nufin koyarwa. Tsarin Jagora na 1960 ya haramta karatun karatu don manyan makarantu. Wani muhimmin al'amari na wargajewar shirin shine haɓaka "kuɗin ɗalibi," asali na nufin rufe ƙananan kuɗi, zuwa adadin kawai ana iya gani azaman lissafin kuɗi don koyarwa.)
Canza tallafin tsarin ilimi mafi girma na California daga jihar, ta hanyar haraji, kan ɗalibai da kansu, ba shiri ne kawai na tsarin UC ba. Tsarin kwalejin al'ummar jihar ya ninka girma sau da yawa kuma tasirin ya fi tsanani.
A karon farko, ana amfani da ƙarin kuɗin ɗalibi don tallafawa kwalejojin al'umma kai tsaye, waɗanda ke fuskantar irin wannan yanayin na haɓaka karatun. Cesar Cota, dalibi a Kwalejin Birnin Los Angeles, shine na farko a cikin danginsa da ya halarci kwaleji. "Yanzu yana da wuya in cimma burina," in ji shi, "saboda jihar ta sanya mana kudade masu yawa, kuma ta yanke ayyuka da azuzuwan." Monica Mejia, uwa daya tilo, tana son fita daga tarkon karancin albashi. “Ba tare da kwalejin al’umma ba,” in ji ta, “Zan ƙarasa samun mafi ƙarancin albashi. Ba zan iya biyan kuɗin hawan ba. Da kyar nake iya samun biyan bukata yanzu.”
A cewar Marty Hittelman, shugaban kungiyar malamai ta California (CFT) kuma tsohon malamin kwalejin al'umma, tsarin ya juya sama da ɗalibai 250,000 a cikin 2009-10 kaɗai. "Ina zasu je?" Ya tambaya. "UC? CSU? Ma'aikata? California tana da kashi 12.6 na rashin aikin yi, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a ƙasar. Jami’o’in jihar sun yi watsi da dalibai 40,000 a bana. Kudaden UC sun haura kashi 215 tun daga shekarar 2000, kuma CSU na biyan 280 bisa dari. Kudaden kwalejin al'umma, da zarar babu shi, ya karu da kashi 30 cikin dari a bara.
“Dubban ɗaruruwan ɗalibai da suka yi rajista a kwalejojin al’umma na California ba su iya samun azuzuwan da suke buƙata kuma dubban malamai na wucin gadi ba su da azuzuwan koyarwa. Don haka, kamar yadda a cikin jami'o'i, ɗalibin ya dawo don biyan kuɗi mai yawa yana ƙara girman aji da ƙarancin azuzuwan.
Waɗancan yanke suna da ƙarin tasiri akan ɗaliban launi. Gundumar Kolejin Al'umma ta Los Angeles tana koyar da ɗaliban Latino kusan sau uku kuma kusan sau huɗu fiye da ɗaliban Amurkawa na Afirka kamar yadda aka haɗa duka cibiyoyin UC.
Taro, Zanga-zanga, da Zaune-In, Oh, My
Hoto: David Bacon |
A cikin zanga-zangar, ɗalibai, malamai, iyaye, membobin ƙungiyar, da masu fafutuka na al'umma sun gudanar da zanga-zangar a ƙarshen Nuwamba a duk California (da kuma a wasu sassan Amurka). An yi manyan gangami a Los Angeles, San Francisco, da Oakland.
A CSU Fullerton, dalibai sun mamaye ginin 'yan Adam, suna masu cewa "suna ba da kanmu cikin hadin kai kai tsaye da 'sa'o'in' da ke faruwa a duniya daga jami'o'i zuwa masana'antu zuwa gidajen da aka kulle; daga Asiya zuwa Turai zuwa Afirka zuwa Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka kuma, yanzu, a nan Amurka.
Daliban Fullerton sun zaɓi ginin ɗan adam don nuna rashin amincewa da tsarin haɗin gwiwa wanda mai tsara dabarun harabar, Michael Parker, wanda ya kira 'yan Adam "marasa dacewa a cikin al'umma" da kuma kwasa-kwasan da aka fi so da amfani don shirya ɗalibi don aikin kamfani. 'Yan Adam, in ji ɗaliban, sun zama "siyasa mai haɗari ga tsarin tattalin arzikin da aka kafa. . . . Ba mu yi mamaki ba domin muna da haɗari.”
"Taron LA ya kasance abin ban mamaki," in ji Jim Miller, wanda ke koyarwa a Kwalejin San Diego City. "Cocin yana da dubu, kuma akwai ƙarin ɗaruruwan ƙoƙarin shiga." Ya kirga mutane 565 da suka zo daga San Diego zuwa taron Los Angeles, gami da motocin bas uku na dalibai daga Kwalejin San Diego City.
An ci gaba da zanga-zangar har zuwa lokacin bazara. Fiye da dalibai 8,000 daga Los Angeles da sauran gundumomin kwalejin al'umma sun yi zanga-zanga a babban birnin jihar Sacramento a ranar 22 ga Maris. Cibiyoyin jami'o'in jihar sun kuma aika daruruwan masu zanga-zanga.
'Ba Za Mu Iya Daidaita Kan Rug Kuma ba'
Zanga-zangar da ta fi ban mamaki ta kasance a matakin jami'a, amma babban rikicin ilimi na California ya ta'allaka ne a cikin tsarin makarantun gwamnati na K-12, musamman a cikin al'ummomin birane marasa galihu, da kuma unguwannin baƙi da masu launi. An bai wa malaman makarantun gwamnati a fadin jihar wasu slibai 22,000 na ruwan hoda a shekarar karatu ta 2009-10. Manny Ballesteros, wani mai shirya matasa ya ce: “A Watsonville suna da cunkoso ajujuwa. “Suna gina gidajen yari a California fiye da makarantu, kuma akwai bakar fata da ‘yan Mexico a cikin wadannan gidajen yarin. Ga matasa kamar ni, maimakon samun damar yin aiki, da kuma cim ma burinmu, hakan yana gaya muku, 'Ba za ku ci nasara ba.'
Yanzu Watsonville tana da ma'aikatan jinya bakwai kawai don ɗalibai 19,000, kuma ta yanke masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da masu ba da shawara, kiɗa, da fasaha. "Wasanni sun zama albashi don yin wasa," in ji Jenn Laskin, malamin ilimin ɗan adam kuma malamin Ingilishi a Makarantar Ci gaba da Renaissance ta Watsonville. “Ma’ana daliban da suke da hazaka kuma ba su da kudi sun rasa damar. Wannan ya yanke wata hanyar zuwa koleji. " An gyara iyakar jihar na ɗalibai 20 na azuzuwan K-3 a cikin yarjejeniyoyin kasafin kuɗi na Majalisar Dokoki na baya-bayan nan, don haka a shekara mai zuwa azuzuwan K-2 za su sami ɗalibai 28. "Muna yin lodi har zuwa max. Azuzuwan kindergarten suna da cunkoson jama'a, kuma wani ɗalibi ya gaya mani, 'Ba za mu iya ma iya shiga kan darduma ba.'
"A hade tare da ba da fifiko kan maki jarabawa, duk yana shafar ikon yara na koyo," in ji ta. “Muna da daliban aji 2 wadanda ba su ma san almakashi ba, saboda an koya musu jarabawar. Suna iya kumfa cikin haruffa da lambobi, amma ba za su iya yanke da'irar a cikin takarda ba."
A Los Angeles, daya daga cikin manyan gundumomin makarantu a duniya, sama da malamai 6,300 ne aka shirya za su rasa ayyukansu kafin farkon kaka na shekara ta 2010. Bayan yunƙurin da bai yi nasara ba na samun Hukumar Haɗin Kan Makaranta ta Los Angeles don rage adadin, malamai sun hau zanga-zangar 'yan bindiga a jere. Alkalin babbar kotun Los Angeles James Chalfant ya yanke hukuncin cewa yajin aikin kwana daya da aka shirya ya sabawa doka saboda "zai yi hadari ga lafiyar dalibai da lafiyarsu," kuma ya yi barazanar cin tarar dala 1,000 ga malamai da kuma asarar shaidarsu ta koyarwa idan suka kai hari. Don haka daruruwan malamai suka zabi makarantunsu kafin a fara karatu, kuma iyaye da dalibai suna tafiya tare da su.
Wata uwa mai suna Maria Gutierrez ta ce yajin aikin na kwana daya abu ne mai kyau. “Me ke faruwa idan yara sun yi hasarar kwana ɗaya? Idan muka rasa malamanmu, za su yi asara mai yawa.” Kuma yayin da gundumar ta yi ikirarin cewa talauci na tilasta wa korar ma’aikata aiki, ta gano kudin ta dauki ma’aikatan da za su maye gurbin malamai sama da 3,000 don daukar darasi idan malaman sun makale.
A farkon watan Mayu, dubban malamai ne suka cika titin da ke gaban ofisoshin gundumar, kuma an kama wasu 40 da suka tare shi a wani mataki na nuna rashin amincewa.
Kamar sauran gundumomin makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar, Los Angeles ta yi amfani da rikicin don haɓaka shirinta na mayar da makarantun gwamnati ga ƙungiyoyin haya. Ya zuwa karshen watan Mayu, an sanya jimillar makarantu 20 da ake da su da kuma sabbin cibiyoyi 27 don neman takara. Don haka malamai da al'ummomi sun shirya a kan haka, suma. Bayan watanni na shirye-shirye da tarurrukan tarurruka, da yawa daga cikin yunƙurin sun tafi ga ƙungiyoyin da malamai ke jagoranta.
Ilimi ko Tsari?
Tare da kanun labarai da aka mayar da hankali kan Los Angeles da Bay Area, yana da sauƙi a manta cewa California jihar noma ce. Amma yana iya kasancewa a cikin al'ummomin noma marasa talauci, musamman waɗanda ke cikin kwarin San Joaquin, inda karkatattun abubuwan da jihar ta fi ba da fifiko. A tsakiyar rikicin kasafin kudi, me gwamnati za ta bayar — makarantu ko gidajen yari?
Rashin aikin yi a yankunan karkarar California ya ninka sau biyu fiye da na bakin teku. Rikicin tattalin arziki a ƙananan garuruwan kwari kamar Delano da McFarland gaskiya ce ta rayuwa tun kafin bala'in kasafin kuɗin California na yanzu. A Delano, gidan tarihi na Cesar Chavez's United Farm Workers, kashi 30 cikin XNUMX na mazaunan suna rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci. Don neman aikin yi, an sayar da mutane da yawa da ra'ayin cewa gidajen yari za su samar da tushen ayyukan yi fiye da aikin gona mai rahusa. Sakamakon haka, yankin ya zama gida ga manya-manyan cibiyoyi wadanda kasafin kudinsu ya tabarbare na kananan hukumomin. Matasan kwari a yau suna ganin waɗannan gidajen yari a nan gaba, ko a matsayin masu gadi ko fursunoni, maimakon kwaleji.
Kowace rana a Delano mutane 3,176 suna zuwa aiki a gidan yarin Kern Valley da Kurkukun Jihar Kern na Arewa. Kusan yawancin iyalan garin yanzu sun dogara da ayyukan gidan yari kamar yadda masu aikin fage ke tallafawa duk shekara. Dubban tsoffin ma'aikatan gona yanzu suna gadin sauran Latinos da baƙi - fursunoni kamar matalauta, amma galibi daga biranen Los Angeles ko San Jose maimakon ƙauyuka na Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Fursunonin biyu na da kasafin kudin shekara na dala miliyan 294. Idan aka kwatanta, asusun gama gari na 2010 ya kasance kashi goma na wannan, kuma kasafin kuɗin makarantun gwamnati na ashirin.
Bayan Ranar 4 ga Maris don Ajiye Ilimi, gungun malamai da ma'aikatan kula da gida sun fara tafiya daga Bakersfield zuwa Sacramento don yin adawa da yanke. Wani ma’aikacin ma’aikaci mai ritaya Gavin Riley, ya kwatanta tsadar rayuwar jama’a sa’ad da ya ga yana tafiya a cikin kwarin: “Mun ga gidajen da aka kwana a ko’ina. Lokacin da muka shiga Fresno, mun bi ta wani yanki na ƙetare inda mutane ke zaune a cikin kwali da rumbun katako a ƙarƙashin babbar hanya, suna barci a kan titi. Mun ga gonaki inda ƙasa ta fashe kuma an bar bishiyoyi su mutu.
“Abin da kawai muka ga babban ci gaba a cikinsa shine gidajen yari. . . . Na dubi wannan na ce, wane irin hasara, ba kawai na ƙasa ba har ma da mutane. Ba zan iya ba sai tunanin cewa California, jihar da a yanzu ke kusa da kasa a cikin abin da take kashewa kan ilimi, ita ce ta fi kowace kasa kashe kudi a gidajen yari. Ba ya ɗaukar likitan tiyatar ƙwaƙwalwa don haɗa ɗigon.”
Hoto: David Bacon |
Dabarun Dogon Zamani
Tattakin tsakiyar kwarin ya isa Sacramento a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, lokacin da mambobin CFT da AFSCME sama da 7,000 suka yi tattaki zuwa ginin babban birnin kasar don tunkarar majalisar dokoki da Schwarzenegger a wata babbar zanga-zanga. Sun mayar da hankali ne kan daya daga cikin manyan bukatu da suka taso a zaman dirshan da zanga-zanga a duk tsawon shekarar makaranta—canji yadda ake amfani da kasafin kudin jihar.
Jihar na da bukatar da kashi biyu bisa uku na Majalisar Dokoki ta amince da duk wani kasafin kudi. Ko da mafi mahimmanci, duk wani karuwar haraji yana ɗaukar kashi biyu bisa uku kuma. Don haka ko da yake 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat sun sami rinjaye na tsawon shekaru a majalisun biyu, wani katafaren yanki na Republican zai iya sa jihar cikin rikicin tattalin arziki a kowace shekara har sai 'yan Democrat sun amince da kashe kudade. Ƙungiyoyin malamai, ɗalibai, sauran ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, da ƙungiyoyin al'umma sun sami yunƙuri (Shawara ta 25) kan zaɓen watan Nuwamba wanda zai cire kashi biyu bisa ukun da ake buƙata, ta yadda za a iya amfani da kasafin kuɗi da ƙarin haraji ta mafi rinjaye.
Haka kuma jihar na bukatar sabbin hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga. Dan majalisa Alberto Torrico ne ya rubuta wani kudiri na cajin kamfanonin mai a matsayin sarauta kan man da suka ja daga karkashin kasar California. California ita ce kawai jihar da ke samar da mai da ba ta cajin manyan mai akan abin da suka dauka.
Yayin da shekarar makaranta ta gabato, dalibai da malamai sun samu wasu nasarori. Kakakin Majalisar John Perez ya gabatar da kasafin Ayyuka na California, wani tsari na kasafin kudi wanda zai dawo da yawancin kudaden ilimi da aka yanke a shekarar da ta gabata. Ya kuma yi alkawarin dawo da karin kudin daliban UC da CSU da kashi 50 cikin dari. A halin da ake ciki, kasafin kudin da Gwamna Schwarzenegger ya yi wa kwaskwarima ya maido da tallafin shirin Cal Grants, duk da cewa ya rage kudi ga marasa galihu da ke samun tallafin jihohi a lokaci guda. (Ya zuwa lokacin manema labarai a watan Satumba, har yanzu majalisar dokokin jihar ba ta zartas da kasafin kudin shekarar da muke ciki ba).
Claudia Magaña, shugabar ɗalibi a UC Santa Cruz ta ce: “Ban ji daɗi ba cewa mun ceci Cal Grants a hannun iyaye mata da yara marasa aure. “Abin farin ciki ne a san cewa ɗalibai suna da ɗan iko a wannan shekara, amma ba wai mun yi nasara a kan kuɗin da mabukata ba. Dole ne mu duba wanda ke da iko a wannan tsarin da kuma yadda za mu samu.
Da yake fitowa daga ayyukan na shekara, Magaña ya bayyana ƙarshen shugabannin ɗalibai da malamai da yawa - cewa masu fafutukar ilimi suna buƙatar dabara na dogon lokaci. "Muna buƙatar [dabarun] don samun nasarar sake saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci a cikin tsarin," in ji Liz Hall. "Muna buƙatar nazarin ikon da zai taimaka mana wajen gina motsinmu. Kiyaye yanayin ilimi na jama'a zai ɗauki manyan canje-canje. Wannan shekara ce ta rikici a gare mu, wanda ya haifar da karuwar kudade da furloughs. Yanzu babbar matsalarmu ita ce yadda za mu sami haɗin kai da himma don manyan manufofi. Da farko, dole ne mu sa dalibanmu su fito a watan Nuwamba."
Amma ba da ƙarin iko ga 'yan Democrat, da mafi kyawun tsarin isa ga yarjejeniyar kasafin kuɗi, ba zai sauya fifikon jihar kai tsaye ba. 'Yan Democrat kuma suna zabar gidajen yari.
Jim Miller ya ce zanga-zangar, musamman ma tattakin Central Valley, sun nuna cewa "za mu iya yin gwagwarmaya don tattalin arziki da gwamnatin da ke aiki ga kowa da kowa. Ba mu ce a ceci ilimi ta hanyar korar tsofaffi daga kulawar gidansu ba, ta hanyar kawar da lafiyar yara marasa galihu, ta hanyar rufe wuraren shakatawa na jihohi, ko mayar da gidajen yari. Wannan shi ne game da makomar jihar California."
Idan ba tare da haɗin kai ba, in ji shi, “za mu ga wani abin ƙira, inda mutane suka ce a ɗauki ɗan guntun kek ɗin wani, ba nawa ba. Wannan tseren ne zuwa kasa.”
Watakila fada da kansa shi ne babban nasarar da aka samu a shekarar. A duk faɗin California, sababbin ƙawance na malamai, ɗalibai, ma'aikatan jihohi, al'ummomin launi, da al'ummomin masu aiki gabaɗaya sun ɗauki ƙalubalen. Dabarun dabarunsu sun hada da yajin aiki na dalibai da tafiya zuwa kawance tsakanin al'ummomi da kungiyoyin kwadago, tsararrun tsare-tsare na mafita na majalisar dokoki, da gangamin taro da gangami. Ko da yake akwai ayyuka iri-iri iri-iri, zaren gama gari ya nuna tasiri na musamman da raguwar ilimi ke da shi a kan al'ummomi masu launi da iyalai masu aiki. Wani motsi na zamantakewa yana karuwa a duk fadin kasar don kare ilimin jama'a. Cikakkar guguwar California tana kan gaba, kuma ta ba da gudummawar sabon salo na dabaru da dabarun gina ta.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi