Kalmomin "gidaje haƙƙin ɗan adam ne" da aka yi amfani da su don bayyana cikin launuka masu haske akan wani fentin allo a ƙofar Wood Street Commons, wanda har zuwa kwanan nan ya kasance mafi girma a sansanin da ba a gina a arewacin California. Amma a wannan Fabrairu, Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta California (Caltrans) ta nuna yadda ta ki yarda da ikirari na alluna.
Caltrans, wanda ya mallaki ƙasar a ƙarƙashin wata babbar hanyar musayar hanya mai suna MacArthur Maze, ta kori mutane fiye da 300 da suka zauna a can tsawon shekaru. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka bai amince da haƙƙin gidaje ba, Caltrans ya tabbatar.
A ƙarshe, Alkalin Kotun Tarayya William Orrick ya sauka a gefen jihar. Domin watanni, oda ya a ranar Yuli 2022 ya hana Caltrans korar mazauna sansanin. Orrick har ma ya jure zargi daga California Gov. Gavin Newsom, wanda ya ce odar zai "jinkirin aikin Caltrans kuma ya jefa jama'a cikin hadari." Amma a watan Oktoban bara, daga karshe alkalin ya karba hujjar hukumar. "Ba ni da ikon - saboda babu wani 'yancin da tsarin mulki ya ba da damar gidaje - don ba da damar titin Wood ta zauna a kan kadarorin wani wanda ba ya so," in ji shi.
A farkon wannan Fabrairu mazauna 60 na ƙarshe an tilasta musu barin. Filayen da RVs suka mamaye, tantuna da gidajen da ba na yau da kullun ba, wanda ya kai ga shingen birni 25, an rage shi zuwa ƙazamin datti da siminti.
Maharan da aka kora na daga cikin mutanen da ba su da matsuguni a Oakland, wadanda ke da ya karu da kashi 24 a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata. Tun daga farkon 2022, fiye da 5,000 mutane suna kwana akan tituna, amma Birnin kawai yana da gadaje 598 na shekara-shekara, tsarin gidaje 313 da wuraren ajiye motoci 147 RV. Duk sun cika.
Duk da haka, Alkali Orrick ya bayyana a cikin nasa odar cirewa ta ƙarshe, "Ko da yake korar ba makawa zai haifar da wahala ga masu shigar da kara, wannan wahalar yana raguwa ta wurin gadaje matsuguni da kuma ingantattun yanayin yanayi." Kogunan yanayi da suka zubar da ruwan sama mai karfin gaske a arewacin California duk lokacin sanyi sun dawo cikin kwanaki na odar.
Sansanin da babu kowa a yanzu yana da dogon tarihi mai cike da tarihi. Ya yi layi a titin Wood Street da aka watsar da Oakland, inda aka share gidaje a cikin 1950s don gina babbar hanyar da za ta kai ga gadar Bay. Shekaru bakwai da suka gabata, yayin da tausasawa da rikicin gidaje na birni ke ƙara tsananta, mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun fara kafa abin da ya zama mazaunin Oakland mafi tsufa na marasa gida.
Wasu mutane sun kori RVs da tireloli zuwa cikin babban sarari kusa da wani tsohon titin jirgin kasa wanda aka yi amfani da shi shekaru da yawa da suka gabata don matsar da motoci tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa da babban filin jirgin kasa. Sauran masu neman gida suna kafa tantuna ko wasu gidaje na yau da kullun yayin da sulhu ya bazu. Wani mutum ma ya gina ɗaki mai tsayi a ƙarƙashin katako mai tsayi, ƙafa 20 daga ƙasa. Sansanin ya ba da aminci da kwanciyar hankali a cikin dare.
A wani ƙaramin sashe, mazauna da magoya bayansa sun gina ƙananan gidaje da yawa da wuri na gama gari don taro, nishaɗi, da sauran ayyukan gama gari. Sun gina gine-gine na cob - cakuda bambaro, yumbu da yashi - kuma Cob on Wood ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sunayen laƙabi na sansanin. Wasu mazauna garin suna kiran sansanin Wood Street Commons.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, duk da haka, gobara a kan titin Wood ya zama akai-akai - sama da 90 a cikin 2021. A watan Afrilun da ya gabata wani mutum ya rasa ransa lokacin da gobara ta cika motar sa da ta koma da hayaki ya kasa fita. Mummunan tashin hankali ya barke a cikin Yuli 2022. Propane cylinders da ake amfani da su don dafa abinci da dumama sun fashe a cikin wuta mai zafi sosai ta yadda aka kona motocin da aka faka a ƙarƙashin mashin ɗin ko kusa. Mazauna garin sun gudu.
Ma’aikatan kashe gobara sun mayar da martani ga gobarar, amma babu wani ruwa a kusa da titin Wood. Don isa gidajen da ba na yau da kullun ba, bama-bamai sun shimfiɗa tudu sama da ɗaruruwan ƙafa. Duk da haka titin Wood ba shine kawai sansanin da ke fama da gobara ba. Binciken birni An rubuta gobara 988 a cikin sansani 140 a cikin shekaru biyu tsakanin 2020 da 2021.
Bayan gobarar Yuli Caltrans ya sanar zai kori mazauna. Lauyoyin mutanen da ba su da gida sun shawo kan Alkali Orrick ya hana aikin, kuma a bazarar da ta gabata ya kasance yana jin tausayi. Lokacin da ya nemi hukumomi su yi cikakken bayani game da aniyarsu ta samar da gidajen da za su maye gurbin, babu wata hukuma da za ta iya samar da wani shiri.
A cikin 2022 jihar ta ba Oakland $4.7 Tallafin miliyan don gidaje 50 daga cikin mutane 300 da ke zaune a titin Wood Street, duk da haka birnin bai yi amfani da kuɗin ba don ƙirƙirar madadin gidaje. Maimakon haka, yayin da ake ci gaba da korar, masu gudanar da Oakland sun ba da sanarwar cewa idan ba a share ƙasar ba za ta yi asarar kuɗi don tallafawa. masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu da ta yi iƙirari suna shirin gina rukunin gidaje 170 a wurin - 85 na siyarwa da haya 85. Yayin da Oakland ke buƙatar gidaje da matuƙar wahala, kusan babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka kora da ya taɓa samun siye ko hayar ɗayan rukunin.
John Janosko, jagoran kokarin da mazauna yankin suka yi na dakile korar, ya nuna babu kowa a cikin titin jirgin kasa. "Muna son al'ummarmu ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali," in ji shi. "Kuma ba zai yi mana wuya mu ƙaura zuwa wurin ba, musamman idan birnin ya taimaka mana mu gina ƙananan gidaje da cibiya da ɗakin dafa abinci na al'umma inda za mu iya samun ayyuka da tarurruka don kiyaye kanmu."
Lokacin dan majalisar birni Carroll Fife ya ba da shawarar wannan mafita a watan Oktoba, duk da haka, hukumomin birnin sun yi tir da ra'ayin. Matsar da mutane zai yi tsada da yawa, kuma ƙasar na iya samun gurɓata mai guba, in ji mai kula da birnin Ed Reiskin, amma ya ƙi ya nemi Ma'aikatar Jihohin da ke Kula da Abubuwan Guba don ba da izinin yin amfani da shafin. Fife, mai fafutukar yajin aikin hayar kuma mai shirya Maman for Housing kafin a zabe ta, ta ce ta “ji dadi.”
Don haka Caltrans ya ƙirƙiri ƙaton fanko mai iska inda Dustin Denega ya gina tipi kusa da tirelar sa a ƙarƙashin babbar hanya. Ba da nisa ba, Jake ya ƙirƙiri daki ba tare da rufin rufin ba tsakanin tulu biyu na trestle, cikakke tare da gado mai matasai, tebur da wurin aiki don mai zane. Shima wannan ya tafi.
Denega, wani mawaƙin da ba shi da aikin yi, ya ce a cikin shekaru huɗun da ya yi a kan titin Wood, ya sami kwanciyar hankali da kuma samun kariya daga tashin hankalin da yakan shafi mutanen da ke barci a kan titi. Ko da a cikin "kwangilar tuff" birni ya tanadar wa mazauna sansanin, yana kiran su madadin gidaje, an harbe wani mutum kuma an kashe shi a cikin hunturu da ya gabata. “Wancan gidajen na birni suna kewaye da katanga. Ba za ku iya samun baƙi, kuma yana jin kamar kurkuku. Kuma ba lafiya,” inji shi.
A cikin 2018, Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kan isassun gidaje Leilani Farha ya ziyarci Oakland. Ta ya fadawa manema labarai Darwin BondGraham, "Na ga akwai ainihin rashin tausayi a yadda ake mu'amala da mutane a nan." A cikin Manila, Jakarta da Mexico City, ta lura, ana jure rashin matsuguni, yayin da a cikin Amurka, ƙasa mafi arziƙi, ana aikata laifin rashin gida.
Binciken da alkali Orrick ya yi cewa akwai gadaje matsuguni ba bayani ne na hakikanin gaskiya ba, amma bukatar korar da aka bayar tun farko. A cikin 2019, alkali Marsha Lee Berzon akan Kotun Daukaka Kara ta tara aka gudanar a Martin v. Birnin Boise cewa "hukunce-hukuncen laifuka na zama, barci, ko kwanciya a waje akan kadarorin jama'a ga marasa gida da ba za su iya samun matsuguni ba" ya saba wa tsarin mulki. Kwaskwarimar Kwaskwarima ta takwas ta hana biranen hukunta kowa “saboda rashin hanyoyin rayuwa da ‘sakamakon zama ɗan adam’ na duniya da kuma wanda ba zai yuwu ba.”
Hukuncin kotun ba shi ne kariyar gaske ba ga titin Wood, kamar yadda korar ta tabbatar, amma ta aƙalla yarda cewa kasancewa ba tare da kuɗi ba sakamakon yanayin zamantakewa ne, ba laifi ko zaɓi na mutum ko rashi ba.
Korar da aka yi ta jawo kasusuwan jari hujja a fili. Haƙƙin mallaka yana cikin doka, kuma tsarin doka na ƙasa zai aiwatar da shi, ko da ta bar mutane a kan titi ba su da wurin kwana ko zama. Filaye kayan masarufi ne, ana saye da sayarwa. Idan haƙƙin zama a kai ya zo farko, dukiyar kowane mai gida tana cikin haɗari. Tsaftataccen sarari mara komai a karkashin babbar hanya, yayin da mutane ke kwana a cikin tanti a kan titin titi, ana ganin ya fi dacewa madadin sana'o'in ƙasa.
A watan Fabrairu an cire na karshe na mazauna sansanin. Suna fita ne sai ga gungun masu aikin yini suka fito suna kwashe kayan suna zubar da sharar da aka bari. Sun kasance wasu daga cikin ma'aikatan Oakland mafi ƙarancin albashi - Jornaleros na Mexico da Amurka ta tsakiya waɗanda kullun ke neman aiki akan titunan birni da wuraren ajiye motoci. Yayin da suke fitar da tarkace, mutanen da ba su da gida waɗanda ba da daɗewa ba za su bi su a kan waɗancan titin suna kallo.
A cikin wannan juyi na karshe, a cewar wani jami’in kula da wurin, wani dan kwangilar birni ya dauki dillalan kwadago, wanda shi kuma ya fita wuraren aiki na yau da kullun don nemo ma’aikatan da za su tsaftace sansanin don samun mafi karancin albashi. Don rage farashin ma'aikata, an ƙaddamar da aikin korar da ba a so ba - wani bangare na neoliberalism na birni, a cikin wannan birni mai sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin wannan jiha mai ci gaba.
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Bada Tallafi