Wannan labarin ya samo asali ne daga wata alama da na gani a wata zanga-zangar nuna kyama ga ‘yan sanda a kwanan nan, wanda wasu iyalai biyu na San Francisco, daya Latino da Bakar fata daya suka dauki nauyin yi, wadanda aka harbe ’ya’yansu a wasu lokuta daban-daban biyo bayan harsasai da ‘yan sanda suka yi.
Daga cikin taron masu fafutuka 150 da ke tsaye cikin ruwan sama a gaban ofishin 'yan sanda da ke Bayview, akwai wasu matasa hudu rike da wata alama da kawai ke karanta, "Kashi 3 na Karshe."
Ina tsammanin saƙonsu yana da ƙarfi da raɗaɗi.
Kalmomin ba suna nufin tashin hankalin 'yan sanda kai tsaye ba amma ga babbar matsalar kwararowar ƴan Afirka daga San Francisco. Dubban mutane sun bar garin da aka haife su ba don wani zaɓi na kansu ba amma saboda shawarar siyasa da manufofin tattalin arziki, da yawa sun fara motsawa shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.
Tabbas, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi tsada don zama a duk duniya yana haifar da ƙalubale ga kasafin kuɗin duk mazauna masu aiki.
Amma, Iyalan Baƙar fata suna fuskantar ƙalubale musamman hanyoyin wariyar launin fata.
A takaice dai, kamar yadda fitaccen masanin tarihin San Francisco kuma kwararre mai fafutukar kare al’umma Calvin Welch ya bayyana mani, an tsara gagarumin aikin gine-gine na birnin ne domin kara darajar dukiya da kuma bunkasa ribar masu zaman kansu maimakon inganta rayuwar mutane da al’umma. musamman wadanda ke zaune a gefen wannan babban birni mai albarka.
Ba dole ba ne ya kasance haka, za ku iya ingantawa da haɓaka dukiya ba tare da raba mutane ba amma ba za a sami irin wannan riba mai yawa na bukatun gidaje da masu arziki, kamfanoni da abokan banki ba.
Magajin garin SF Lee shine ya fi alhakin manufofin gidaje kuma, a cewar Welch, shine ke da alhakin yawancin matsalolin saboda birni, a takaice, "sa hannun jari a gine-gine maimakon a cikin mutane."
Karl Kramer ya yarda. Kramer ya fito ne daga SF Living Wage Coalition wanda ya taka rawa sosai a cikin haɗin gwiwa / haɗin gwiwar al'umma cikin nasarar haɓaka shirin albashin rayuwa na $15 na birni wanda ke amfana kusan mazaunan 100,000, musamman a watan Yuli 2018 lokacin da ƙarin ƙarin albashin da aka ba da umarni zai kai ga zahiri. saman baka.
Amma, Kramer ya ce, " magajin gari ya yi watsi da ba da duk wani horo na gaske na aikin jin daɗi a cikin shirye-shiryen jin daɗin aiki kuma babu wata dabara kan yadda za a motsa mutane zuwa aikin dogon lokaci. Yawancin shirye-shirye ne masu ƙarewa. "
Tabbas, wannan yana nufin iyalai baƙi marasa aikin yi da uwaye marasa aure, musamman, suna barin birni saboda ba za su iya samun aiki ba ko kuma a horar da su don yin aiki. Kramer ya annabta, "Muna yin hasarar dukan tsararraki, kuma hakan ya shafi bambance-bambancen birnin sosai."
Baki Cire Ya Faru Kafin
Lalacewar ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'ummomin Baƙar fata a cikin al'umma ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 1960 yayin da unguwar Fillmore, "Harlem of the West," aka rushe a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabunta birane na wancan lokacin.
Shekaru da yawa bayan haka lokacin da "sabon" Fillmore a ƙarshe ya buɗe tare da gyara gidaje da gine-ginen kasuwanci, ɗaruruwan kasuwancin Black gargajiya na gargajiya da yawancin mazaunan da suka yi gudun hijira a baya sun riga sun ci gaba da rayuwarsu, don mafi kyau ko muni, kuma ba su dawo ba. unguwar.
A kowane hali, bayan watsewarsu, babu isassun tallafin tattalin arziki ga tsoffin mazauna da kuma 'yan tsirarun 'yan kasuwa su dawo. Kuma, ba tare da bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin kasuwancin Baƙar fata wanda a baya ya haɗa da kulab ɗin jazz 300-400, shagunan litattafai, shagunan tufafi da kowane irin nau'ikan shagunan sayar da kayayyaki ba, matasa Baƙar fata marasa ƙwarewa sun sami wahalar samun aiki a cikin “sabon” Fillmore.
"A cikin tsohon Fillmore," Archbishop Franzo King, daga St. John Coltrane African Orthodox Church, ya ce da girman kai yayin tattaunawarmu, "ba lallai ne ku shiga cikin gari ba, za ku iya samun aiki a cikin al'ummarmu kuma ku biya ku da kuɗi. rajistan da wani mai kasuwanci Baƙar fata ya sanya hannu."
Babu ƙari.
Wani ɗan tarihi Welch ya ce, "Sake fasalin ya lalata ƴan baƙar fata a cikin birni," yana wakiltar wani misali mai ban tausayi na haɓaka ƙimar dukiya na yanki yayin da yake rage yanayin rayuwa da matsayin zamantakewa na mazaunan asali.
Gaskiya ne, ko da yake wasu Amurkawa na Afirka suna zaune a yankin, babu alamun al'adu da za a iya gane su da ke tunawa da babban abin da ya wuce lokacin da Fillmore ya karbi bakuncin duk wani fitaccen bakar fata, dan siyasa da mai nishadantarwa a kasar.
Kuma, 'yan shekaru kaɗan bayan an sake buɗe Fillmore don kasuwanci, ƙidayar 1980 ta ƙididdige yawan Baƙar fata na birni a 86,000, raguwa ta farko tun kafin WW11.
Zuriyar ta ci gaba da raguwa tare da yawan Baƙar fata a cikin 2006 da aka ruwaito a 51,000, raguwar 35% tun daga ƙidayar 1990. Kididdigar da gwamnati ta yi a baya-bayan nan shekaru da dama da suka gabata ta nuna cewa mazauna Bakar fata suna wakiltar kashi shida cikin dari na al’ummar birnin amma masu fafutukar ganin an samar da gidaje masu adalci da kuma wasu jami’an birnin a ‘yan kwanakin nan suna amfani da mafi karancin adadi na “kashi hudu da raguwa,” yayin da sauran masu fafutuka suka bayyana kashi uku cikin dari. .
Ba tare da la'akari da ainihin adadin ba, babu tambaya, duk ya fara ne tare da sake fasalin Fillmore yana da mummunar tasiri ga tattalin arziki na al'ummar Black kuma, ta haka, alƙaluma na dukan birnin.
Kwarewar ta haifar da tambaya, wa ke amfana daga sake fasalin?
Gine-gine, Fitar da Wuta
Bayan Fillmore implosion, da Bayview-aji-ajin unguwa ya zama yankin da mafi girma taro na Black gidaje, mafi yawa saboda yana kusa da Hunters Point Naval shipyards inda kusan 10,000 Black ma'aikata da aka aiki tun WW11, ta hanyar yakin Koriya da kuma bayan.
Waɗannan ma'aikatan suna da kuɗin kashewa kuma yankin ya bunƙasa na wasu shekaru. Amma, a daidai lokacin da aka rushe Fillmore a cikin 1960s, abubuwa da yawa sun haɗu don girgiza tushen tattalin arziki na Bayview.
Mafi muni shine lokacin da aka sauke kayan da aka ajiye a magudanan ruwa na Hunters Point ya koma Docks Oakland a fadin Bay.
Yanzu, kuma, wata al'ummar Baƙar fata mai ci gaba ta lalace, tare da dubban ayyuka masu biyan kuɗi masu kyau na jirgin ruwa a ƙarshe sun ɓace a cikin Bayview. Duk sakamakon yanke shawara na siyasa da tattalin arziki da aka yi daga sama.
Kamar yadda fasahar jigilar kayayyaki ta fara canzawa a cikin 1950s, hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa na San Francisco sun ƙi haɓaka tashar jiragen ruwa don jigilar jigilar kaya, maimakon haka su kula da ƙasar da ke kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa na Bay a matsayin firayim, saka hannun jari na kadarori na bakin teku, da farko don yawon shakatawa kuma, daga baya. , don haɓaka haɓakar gidaje.
Daidai da wannan hangen nesa, masu tsara birane da 'yan siyasa kuma sun yanke shawarar San Francisco za ta kasance babbar cibiyar kuɗi da kasuwanci. Tabbas wannan ma ya yi tasiri a kan wadanda wadannan masu tsarawa suke ganin suna zaune a cikin birnin kuma ita ce Hukumar Bunkasa Bunkasa da aka nada ta aiwatar da tsarin nasu.
Shekaru bayan haka, yayin da a halin yanzu birnin ya inganta matsayinsa a matsayin cibiyar fasahar kere-kere ta kasa, akwai wani sabon shiri na sake fasalin yadda za a iya karbar dubun dubatar ma'aikata masu kwarewa da albashi mai tsoka.
Don haka, sake, tunawa da Fillmore, masu kula da dukiya masu zaman kansu da masu tsara shirye-shirye na birni sun kafa shirye-shiryen tattalin arziki da siyasa a cikin Bayview wanda ke hanzarta raguwar al'ummar Black masu karamin karfi, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da zubar da jini na yawan jama'a da muke gani a yau.
Kashewa, Asarar Gidajen Jama'a, & Rikicin 'Yan Sanda
San Francisco yanki ne kadan kadan, mil bakwai kacal, yana mai da iyakataccen filin da ba kowa ya sani ba a cikin kasuwar hada-hadar gidaje.
Don haka, an fara tseren neman ƙasa. Wannan shi ne yadda masu hasashe dukiya suka shigo cikin wannan hoton, suna tsara kowace hanya ta samun sabbin kadarori don ci gaban da za a iya sayar da su don samun riba ta ilmin taurari.
An fara sabon salo tare da ƙaura na masu gida na Baƙar fata a cikin Bayview.
A haƙiƙa, Bayview ya zama sifili a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata don rashin amincewa da tsarin ba da lamuni na yau da kullun ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a lokacin. Haƙiƙa ɗan kasuwa ya kwankwasa ƙofofi yana ba da filaye maras kyau da rashin gaskiya da ke ɓoye ɓoyayyun biyan bashin jinginar gida a kan hanya.
Waɗannan wakilai masu saɓo sun fi iya yaudarar masu gida Baƙar fata waɗanda galibi ba su iya samun lamunin banki na yau da kullun saboda bashin su ko rashin ƙimar kiredit.
Bugu da kari, tarin wahalhalun tattalin arziki wani bangare ya samo asali daga rufe filayen jiragen ruwa shekaru da dama da suka gabata. Sakamakon haka, wannan rukunin masu rauni, da yawa daga cikinsu tsofaffi, an yi niyya don lamunin lamuni fiye da kowane yanki a San Francisco.
Hakan ya haifar da fashewar abubuwan da aka tsare.
Na gaba, tare da ƙasa ta zama mafi daraja da ƙarancin kuɗi, masu zaman kansu sun mayar da hankalinsu ga filayen jama'a wanda, abin mamaki, ya haɗa da rushewar gidaje na jama'a a cikin sashin Hunters Point na Bayview da kuma canza shi ta hanyar masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu zuwa ci gaban "mixed-amfani" .
Wannan hakika ƙasar jama'a ce mai kima sosai, tana zaune saman tsaunuka waɗanda ke ba da mafi kyawun ra'ayi da yanayi mafi kyau a cikin birni.
Amma, kamar yadda wani jami’in kula da gidaje na birni ya gaya mani, “gwamnati ta daina sana’ar gina gidajen jama’a” kuma ta mai da shi ga ’yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu.
A cikin yare bayyananne, “mixed-amfani” na nufin gina wani yanki na gidaje masu fa'ida mai fa'ida a kan filaye waɗanda a baya aka keɓance keɓanta ga jama'a, gidaje masu tallafi.
"Abin da duk wannan ke nufi a gare ni," Farashin SF BayView Edita Mary Ratcliff ta gaya mani, “Shin ana tursasa Baƙar fata daga sashin Mafarauta na Bayview. A taƙaice, Lennar da sauran masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu tare da kwangilolin birni sun yi imanin cewa za su iya sauƙin siyar da raka'a masu tsada idan aka sami ƙarancin baƙar fata da ke zaune kusa da kofa a nan kan tudu. "
Jaridar Ratcliff ta kasa mai mutuntawa ta buga a cikin al'ummar Bayview tun daga 1976. Ta ga abubuwa da yawa kuma ta nuna daga abubuwan da suka faru na kud da kud da ita cewa a lokacin wannan sabon zamani na sake fasalin ne "hannun 'yan sanda na al'umma ya tsananta ga zazzabi tare da umarnin ƙungiyoyi, daurin talala da ake yi wa matasanmu da kuma hare-haren ‘yan sanda, duk an tsara su, na yi imani, don kara korar mu.”
Har yanzu dai wannan labarin bai kai karshe ba kuma ba zai yiyu ba har sai bayan fitowar muryoyin matasa masu fafutukar kare al'umma da kungiyoyi da suka tsaya a gaban ofishin 'yan sanda na Bayview sun bayyana ra'ayinsu, dangane da kawancen da ke ci gaba da bunkasar masu fafutukar samar da gidaje da kuma kungiyoyin ci gaba. Ɗaukar tsayin daka don ƙarin hangen nesa na wadata.
Carl Finamore shi ne wakilin Machinist 1781, Majalisar Ma'aikata ta SF, AFL-CIO. Yana zaune a Hunters Point kuma ana iya samunsa a [email kariya]
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Bada Tallafi