a cikin Adireshin manufofin Iraki a ranar 10 ga watan Janairu, shugaba Bush ya yi alkawalin wasu sabbin tsare-tsare guda uku: 'harin' sojojin Amurka tare da sabon dabarun 'karara, rike, da gina' a wuraren da 'yan Sunni suka fi karfi; harin da aka kai kan mayakan Shi'a, musamman ma Sadrist Mahdi Army wanda a halin yanzu jami'an sojin Amurka sun bayyana a matsayin babbar barazanar tsaro a Iraki; da kuma daukar mataki mai karfi don hana Iran kara samun karfin da take da shi a Iraki da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Abubuwan da suka faru a cikin 'yan makonnin da suka gabata sun bayyana a fili cewa ana aiwatar da dukkanin bangarori uku na wannan dabarar, duk da cewa Majalisar ta tsunduma cikin doguwar muhawara kan adawar da ta (ba ta daure) ga 'sargi' na sabon shirin yankin. Haƙiƙa an ƙaddamar da dabarar 'masu tiyata' kwana ɗaya kafin a gabatar da jawabin - a wani hari da aka kai kan titin Haifa na Bagadaza wanda ya mamaye kanun labarai a taƙaice. Da alama an fara sabon shirin da ake yi kan mayakan Shi'a da a yaki a wajen Najaf inda sojojin Amurka da na Iraqi suka kashe kimanin 'yan kabilar Al-Hawatim da al-Khazali kimanin 200 - a fili saboda 'yan tawayen na da hannu a cikin wani gagarumin ci gaba (idan ba a samu rahoton ba) 'yan ta'addar Amurka da Bagadaza. war haka'ya kasance yana yadawa kamar wutar daji' a kudancin Shi'a. Kuma sabon tashin hankalin da ake yi wa Iran a halin yanzu ana yinsa ba kawai a cikin Iraki ba, amma a cikin karuwa tabbataccen barazana na Ba'amurke ko Isra'ila, ko kuma haɗin gwiwar Amurka da Isra'ila, kai hari ta sama kan Iran kanta.
Watakila mu jira makonni, ko ma watanni, don tantance sakamakon ayyukan Amurkawa kan wadannan mayakan Shi'a da Iran. Amma harin titin Haifa, wanda yanzu kusan wata guda ya cika, ya riga ya ba mu cikakken hoto game da mummunan sakamakon da zai iya kasancewa sakamakon bangaren 'yan Sunni na dabarun 'tashin hankali' na shugaban kasa.
Titin Haifa a matsayin Karfin Makiya
Titin Haifa, wata hanyar wadata mai nisan mil biyu kusa da yankin Green dake Bagadaza karkashin ikon Amurka, ta kasance cibiyar juriyar 'yan Sunni tun farkon yakin. Duk da hotunan tashe-tashen hankula da ake dangantawa da unguwanni a kafafen yada labarai, ya kasance, kamar galibin yankunan masu tayar da kayar baya, sun yi shuru - sai dai lokacin da sojojin Amurka suka yi yunkurin kwantar da hankula.
Jim kadan bayan faduwar Bagadaza, sojojin da ke adawa da Amurka sun zama shugabanni na soja da na siyasa a unguwar titin Haifa, inda suka kafa mayakan sa kai na cikin gida don yakar tashe tashen hankulan da suka mamaye babban birnin kasar bayan da Amurkawa suka tarwatsa sojoji da 'yan sandan Iraki. Zuwa 2004, masu tayar da kayar baya kasance karamar hukumar da ke yankin, ta kafa tsarinsu na tsattsauran ra'ayin Sunna, amma a farkon wannan lokacin har yanzu suna kyamar kasancewar 'yan tsiraru 'yan Shi'a, wadanda suka ci gaba da rayuwa cikin lumana a tsakanin 'yan Sunni masu rinjaye.
Ci gaba da tashin hankali ya faru ne kawai lokacin da ’yan sintiri na Amurka suka shiga yankin. Sa'an nan maharba, IEDs, da kuma fadan bindiga - sau da yawa cikin nasara - za a kawo su cikin wasa don karkatar da Amurkawa daga burinsu na kamawa ko kashe wadanda ake zargi da tayar da kayar baya. Tsananin tsayin daka ya sa sojojin Amurka suka yiwa yankin suna 'Titin Mutuwa.' Bayan yunƙurin ci gaba da mamaye unguwar, adadin masu sintiri na Amurka ya ragu yayin da titin Haifa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ba za a tafi ba a babban birnin (ba a maganar ƙasar ba), ''haramta ga Amurka da ma Iraki. sojoji.'
A cikin Nuwamba 2004, wani IED ya fashe kusa da ɗaya daga cikin waɗancan ƴan sintiri na Amurka lokaci-lokaci, tare da ruguza motar Humvee tare da haifar da rugujewar al'amuran da suka kai ga wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Amurka ya harbe cikin jama'a tare da kashe shi. Mazen Tomeizi, wakilin Falasdinawa na tashar labarai ta tauraron dan adam ta al Arabiya ta Dubai. Domin Tomeizi yana daukar hoton yadda yake bibiyar abin da ya faru a baya lokacin da aka harbe shi, mutuwarsa ta zama daya daga cikin mafi muni, hotunan yakin - a kalla a Gabas ta Tsakiya - tare da zubar da jininsa a kan kyamara yayin da yake kuka. , 'Zan mutu, zan mutu.' Wannan lamarin, a fili, ya gamsar da rundunar sojojin Amurka don yin wani yunƙuri na daidaita titin Haifa.
Karkashin kanun labarai, 'Titin Tashin hankali Ya Samu Natsuwa,' Kirista Science Monitor dan jarida Scott Peterson ya bayyana yadda Amurkawa suka karbe iko da unguwar a wani harin da sojoji suka kai na tsawon watanni shida, wanda ya hada da 'yan sari-ka-noke na rufin asiri' da sauran 'tsaurarrun matakai da aka ruwaito sun hada da cin zarafin fursunoni.' Wannan yaƙin gudu, wanda ya fara a watan Janairu 2005, ya cancanci zama mafi tashin hankali a tarihin titin Haifa na baya-bayan nan - har zuwa sabon tashin hankali. Amma a cikin rahoton {asar Amirka, an fi mayar da hankali kan }o}arin sasantawa da }o}arin da aka samu, sau ]aya — a ƙarshen bazarar shekara ta 2005 – Amirkawa sun dakushe juriya.
Yafawa tare da ingantattun labarun na mazauna mazauna masu godiya da suka yi maraba da ƙarshen yaƙin, alamu ne na aikin soja da ba sa so: Wasu mazauna za su yi 'ɗauka' lokacin da sojojin Amurka suka wuce; ' tashin hankali [ya kasance] kadan kadan' a duk lokacin da sojojin Amurka suka shiga titi; da kuma rubuce-rubucen shelar, 'Rayuwa Mujahidai,' da sauri aka dawo da su bayan da sojojin Amurka suka yi kokarin shafe su. Duk da haka, a watan Yuni na 2005. Wakilin ABC Nick Watt ya bayyana cewa 'Titin Mutuwa hakika abu ne na baya.'
Wannan yaƙin, yanzu shekaru biyu da suka wuce, ya zama misali mai kyau na yadda sabon dabarun 'bayyana, riƙe, da ginawa' wanda shugaba Bush ya sanar a cikin jawabin nasa na baya-bayan nan ya kamata yayi aiki. Aikin share fage da rikewa na Amurka ya biyo bayan mika mulki ga rundunonin sojan Iraki, wanda ake zaton sun rigaya sun 'tsaye' ta hanyar horar da Amurkawa da ba da shawara. An yaba da wannan aikin juyi na musamman a lokacin ta hukumomin ma'aikata a matsayin 'babban misali na yadda sojojin Iraqi National Guard - horarwa, goyon baya, da kuma saki daga masu ba da shawara Amurka - za su iya dawo da yanki daga 'yan tawaye.' An sanar da shi a matsayin babban ci gaba, 'samfurin yada ikon gwamnati a fadin Iraki da kuma dakile ta'addanci.'
Samfurin, duk da haka, a ƙarshe ya ruguje saboda ƴan ta'addar titin Haifa sun yi abin da 'yan daba suka saba yi: Sun narke cikin jama'a kuma suna jiran sabbin damar kai hari. Kafin a ba da sanarwar nasarar, sun fara nasu 'ɗaukawar tashin hankali' kafin su sake narke cikin unguwar. Kuma ko a daidai lokacin da dan jaridar ABC Watt ke ba da labarin mutuwar 'Titin Mutuwa,' sojojin Amurka da 'yan ta'addan Irakin na gudanar da sintiri da dama na mako-mako, suna kutsawa cikin gidaje a unguwar titin Haifa don kamawa ko kuma kashe wadanda ake zargi da tayar da kayar baya. Wadannan sintiri, tare da karuwar rashin aikin yi, da tabarbarewar hidimomin jama'a, da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da aka samu ta hanyar kawar da tallafin abinci da man fetur na gwamnati kawai ya haifar da karuwar tallafi, da kuma kasancewa memba a cikin, juriya.
Wannan juriya mai girma ta tabbatar da cewa 'gina' ɓangaren 'share, riƙe, da ginawa' ya kasance ba a gina shi ba. A watan Fabrairun 2006, daga karshe Amurkawa sun fice ba tare da sun tsare unguwar ba, watakila saboda ana bukatar sojojin ne don wani sabon farmaki a Bagadaza, wanda aka fara a kusan wancan lokacin.
Ba da jimawa ba, 'yan ta'addan suka sake bullowa tare da fatattakar sojojin Iraki, ta haka suka kawo karshen duk wani sintiri na soja, mamaye gida, kamawa, da tsare su da kuma fadace-fadacen da suka haifar. Titin Haifa ya sake zama wani yanki na abokan gaba, kuma - tare da karuwar tashe tashen hankula - ana zargin 'yan ta'adda na 'yan ta'adda na 'yan Shi'a iri-iri. Kamar yadda Jaridar New York Times Marc Santora ya ce:
"A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, [Titin Haifa] ya kasance shiru, amma a cikin 'yan watannin, yayin da fadan addini ya tsananta, jami'an sojojin Iraki da na Amurka sun yi zargin cewa ana amfani da shi a matsayin sansanin hare-haren 'yan tawaye da ke mayar da hankali kan farar hula na Shi'a. yawan jama'a da sojojin Amurka.'
Amurkawa Sun Sake Shiga, Suna Kawo Rikicin Addini Tare Da Su
An sami kwanciyar hankali a titin Haifa duk da cewa an samu tashin hankali na addini a wani wuri a babban birnin kasar. Tsaftar kabilanci da ta yi kamari a wasu sassa na birnin, har yanzu bai kai ga mamaye unguwar ba, kuma galibin mabiya Shi'a na zaune a gidajensu.
Lokacin da maƙwabtan 'yan Shi'a su ma suka lafa, an sami kwanciyar hankali amma na gaskiya a yankin. Tushen wannan tsagaita wuta ba wani asiri ba ne: 'Yan tawayen Titin Haifa, wadanda aka samu 'yantar da su daga yakin kare kai da sojojin Amurka suka yi, aka kuma karfafa su da nasarar da suka samu a kan sojojin Iraki, sun hada kai don kare da kare al'umma daga 'yan Shi'a. A haƙiƙa, duk kewayen dakarun Bagadaza sun zama muhimmiyar kariya ga 'yan Sunna. Kamar yadda sharhin Asiya Times Mahan Abedin ya ce, 'Mazauna yankin suna maraba da kasancewar 'yan ta'addar a matsayin muhimmiyar kariya daga 'yan ta'addar Shi'a (wanda galibi ke aiki a matsayin jami'an tsaron Iraki).
Aiki na gida mujahidai ya kara da aikin sojojin Mahdi na Moqtada al-Sadr a cikin al'ummomin Shi'a da ke makwabtaka da shi. Tunda al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia A karshen shekarar 2004, Mahdis ya fara aikin tada bam da bama-bamai a cikin mota a kan fararen hular Shi'a. hana irin wadannan hare-haren kunar bakin wake. Yayin da tashin hankalin ya bazu a Bagadaza, Mahdi kuma ya bazu, kuma isowarsu a unguwannin ‘yan Shi’a da ke daura da titin Haifa ya tabbatar da hana juna daga bangarorin biyu.
Har sai da Amurkawa suka iso.
A farkon watan Janairu, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon dabarun shugaba Bush na kai farmaki kan mayakan Shi'a, Sojojin Amurka sun shiga yankin kan iyaka kusa da titin Haifa inda suka kama wani 'babban memba' na sojojin Mahdi, da alama kwamandan yankin a wannan yanki na birnin. Ga dukkan alamu wannan harin ya kawo cikas ga sintiri na tsaro na Mahdis kuma ya sanya al'ummar Shi'a a yankin ke kara fuskantar hare-haren ta'addanci. Da yake ambaton wani jami'in sojan Amurka, dan jaridar New York Times Santora ya ruwaito cewa:
Jami'in ya ce, kama shi, ya haifar da bude kofa ga 'yan ta'addar Sunni, inda suka fara nuna kyama ga 'yan Shi'ar da suka koma kudu daga unguwar Kadhimiya, in ji jami'in.'
Wataƙila waɗannan hare-haren sun samo asali ne ko kuma a'a a unguwar Haifa, amma lokacin da aka jefar da gawarwakin 'yan Shi'a 27 a can a ranar 6 ga Janairu, wannan ya zama lokaci na farko da Amurka ta kai hari a cikin Bush na ba-kwanan-bayan-bayan-bayan-bayan-sananciyar 'haɓaka'. A matsayin kakakin sojin Amurka Laftanar Kanar Scott Bleichwehl ya bayyana cewa, "Wani yanki ne da ya kamata a mayar da shi karkashin ikon tsaron Iraki."
Ali al-Dabaggh, mai magana da yawun Firayim Ministan Iraki Nouri al-Maliki, ya ce: "Dole ne a tsarkake wannan yanki," in ji shi.
Mazauna titin Haifa sun yi imani da al-Dabaggh, musamman bayan kwamandojin Amurka sun ambaci yakin Tal Afar na 2005 a matsayin. misali na sabon dabarun su. A Tal Afar, wani birni mai kusan 300,000 kusa da kan iyakar Syria, an kwashe daukacin al'ummar kasar a wani bangare na shirin sulhu.
Da farko an tura sojojin Iraqi zuwa titin Haifa, amma a cikin 'yan kwanaki, an fatattake su. Wannan yaki, da kuma tashe-tashen hankulan da ake samu a yankunan da ke kan iyaka, sun wargaza ginshikin zaman lafiya na kungiyar a titin Haifa, kuma nan da nan mazauna Shi'a suka fara fuskantar barazanar cewa za a kashe su 'idan ba su gaggauta ficewa ba.'
Kafin wayewar garin ranar 9 ga watan Janairu, Amurkawa da Iraqi sun kai hari da karfi, tare da samun goyon bayan jirage masu saukar ungulu da jiragen sama. Washington Post ‘Yan jarida Sudarsan Raghavan da Joshua Partlow sun ba da wannan kwatancin yakin, inda suka ambato Manjo Jesse Pearson da Sajan Israel Schaeffer:
'A cikin duhun jahiliyya, dakarun hadin gwiwa sun kwace iko da gine-ginen da ke kewaye da dandalin Tallil, wani muhimmin hari da aka kaiwa harin.
"Mun fito a falonsu don yin karin kumallo," in ji Pearson.
'Wajen karfe 7 na safe, matsalar ta fara. "Da rana ta fito, sai maharan suka fara harbi," in ji shi.
"Mun fara daukar shi daga kowane bangare," Schaeffer ya tuna.
'Daga saman rufin da kofa, 'yan bindigar sun harba bindigogi kirar AK-47 da manyan bindigogi. Har ila yau, maharba na kai hari kan sojojin Amurka da na Iraqi. Sojojin Amurka sun fara mayar da martani da bindigogi masu caliber 50 a kan motocinsu masu sulke na Stryker. Sun yi amfani da makamai masu linzami na TOW da harba gurneti na Mark-19. Jiragen yakin F-15 sun mamaye rufin rufin da manyan bindigogi, yayin da Apaches suka harba makamai masu linzami na wuta.'
Bayan shafe sa'o'i 11 na mutuwa da barna, Amurkawa sun yi galaba a kansu, inda sojojin Amurka da na Iraki 1,000 suka fara bincike gida-gida, suna kamawa da kashe wadanda ake zargi da tayar da kayar baya.
The Denouement
Bayan sati daya, Masu ba da labarai na McClatchy News Nancy Youssef da Zaineb Obeid sun ziyarci titin Haifa don duba sakamakon harin farko na sabon dabarun shugaban. Wani ɓangare abin da suka gano wani yanayi ne mai ban tausayi: barna mai yawa, yanayin jihar 'yan sanda, yaɗuwar wahala, da kuma faɗan da ke gudana. Amma wani bangare sun sami wani sabon abu: Ko da yake barazanar kawar da kabilanci da ake yi wa 'yan Shi'a a yankin a karshe ya zama kamar an kammala shi, yanzu an yi wani kamfen da ya saba wa - wanda galibin sojojin Irakin 'yan Shi'a tare da goyon bayan sojojin Amurka - na korar 'yan Sunna. rinjaye:
Wani mazaunin titin Haifa dan shekara 44, wanda ya nemi a sakaya sunansa da Abu Mohammed saboda dalilan tsaro, ya ce iyalai uku ko hudu ne kawai na wasu iyalai 60 da aka kiyasta sun rage a kan hanyarsa. Ya ce babu wata mota da aka bari ta bi ta yankin kuma babu wutar lantarki da kananzir ko ruwan fanfo. [Amurka] Maharbi sun ɗauki matsayi a kan rufin rufin.
"Suna harbi ba da gangan ba," in ji shi. “A yau, sun harbe Raghad Marwan, wata budurwa ‘yar shekara 28 da ke kokarin neman abinci. Harsashi ta samu a kafadarta, yanzu ba mu san yadda za mu kai ta asibiti ba.
Ya ce iyalai da dama suna ficewa daga unguwar: 'Ina iya ganin iyalai tare da 'ya'yansu suna tafiya a cikin kunkuntar titunan unguwar suna daukar komai sai kananan jakunkuna.'
"Sabon tsarin tsaro ya baiwa 'yan bindiga izinin shiga gidajenmu da gidajenmu su kashe mutane," in ji Abu Mohammed. 'Wannan shiri ya shafi Ahlus-Sunnah da tilasta musu barin gidajensu. Kuma su ne."
Kashegari, mai ba da rahoto na CBS News Lara Logan ya ba da shaida mai ban tsoro na yanayi a kan titin Haifa, a cikin rahoton da kawai ya bayyana a gidan yanar gizon CBS. Ya nuna rusassun gine-gine, da unguwannin da ba kowa, da sakamakon azabtarwa na bangaranci daga bangarorin biyu. Ya karkare da wani mazaunin da ya zargi Amurkawa kan halin da al'ummarsa ke ciki:
'Sun ce mana za su kawo dimokuradiyya. Sun yi alkawarin rayuwa za ta fi ta zamanin Saddam. Amma ba su kawo mu ba sai mutuwa da kisa. Sun kawo halakar jama'a a Bagadaza.'
A cewar manema labarai na McClatchy, 'Mai magana da yawun sojojin Amurka ya ce ba shi da wani dalili na gaskata asusun mazauna titin Haifa.' Jakadan Amurka Zalmay Khalilzad ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa, 'abin da na gani ya karfafa ni.'
Bayan mako guda, an ci gaba da yaƙin titin Haifa. Da yawan mazauna yankin dai na ta kaurace wa yankin, suna kokarin tserewa hare-haren da jiragen yakin Amurka ke kaiwa, ko kaucewa tashin-tashina tsakanin Amurkawa da masu tada kayar baya, ko kuma kaucewa barazanar kisa daga ko wane bangare na bangaran kungiyar.
Da yake yin la'akari da yaƙin da ake yi na wata unguwa da 'Amurka ta yi yaƙi yanzu don dawowa daga maƙiyi masu ban mamaki aƙalla sau uku a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,' Sgt. Ajin farko Marc Biletski ya fada New York Times 'Yan jarida Damien Cave da James Glanz, 'Wannan wurin gazawa ne…. Duk lokacin da muka zo nan, dole ne mu dawo.'
A halin da ake ciki, al'ummar Sunni da ke barin ƙasar na kallon yaƙin da har yanzu ba a gama ba a matsayin wani sabon shiri a cikin tallafin da Amurka ta yi na tsarkake ƙabilanci. A ranar farko ta fada. Harith al-Dari, shugaban kungiyar malaman musulmi (AMS), bangaren siyasa na gwagwarmayar Ahlus-Sunnah, ya kira ta, 'kisan kiyashi na addini.' Bayan kwanaki tara, kakakin AMS ya karanta sunayen mutane 12 da aka kashe a yakin al-Jazeera Television sannan yayi sharhi:
"Dukkanin laifin da suka aikata shi ne cewa sun kare unguwarsu… Shugaban Amurka ya ce a shekara ta 2003, 'Aiki ya cika.' Yanzu a cikin 2007 yana amfani da jirage masu saukar ungulu 'yan mitoci daga Yankin Green Zone.'
Wataƙila wani mazaunin yankin ne ya yi magana ta ƙarshe a yanzu, yana yin tsokaci game da ci gaba da kisan gillar da sojoji da 'yan sanda na Iraki suke yi wa mazauna unguwannin: 'Amurka ba sa yin komai, kamar dai suna goyon bayan 'yan bindiga ne. Wannan hari na sojoji yana kashe mu… Idan wannan shirin ya ci gaba har tsawon mako guda, ba na tsammanin za ku sami dangi guda da ya rage a titin Haifa.'
Komawar Farko Ba Ƙarfafawa Ba Ne
Tun kafin Amurkawa su isa titin Haifa a watan Janairu a matsayin masu gadin sabuwar dabarar Bush na kwantar da tarzoma a Bagadaza, abin da ya faru a baya ya nuna cewa yunkurin bai gaza ba. Bayan wata guda, wannan tsammanin tabbas ya cika.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, akwai wasu sabbin abubuwa masu banƙyama ga yaƙin titin Haifa; abubuwan da ke barazanar sanya 'tashin hankali' mai zuwa a fadin Bagadaza ya fi illa fiye da na magabata. Da farko, akwai mafi girman aikace-aikacen ikon iska na Amurka; hare-haren bama-bamai da manyan hare-hare daga jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu sun kara yawan mace-mace da barna a yakin da ake ci gaba da yi, wanda ya mayar da mafi yawan titin Haifa ya zama makabarta mara kyau.
Abin da ya kara da cewa shi ne kokarin Ahlus-Sunnah na tsari da nasara masu jihadi domin korar ‘yan Shi’a tsiraru daga wannan yanki, wani yunƙuri ne sakamakon kutsen da Amurka ta yi. Sannan kuma aka lullube saman tsarkakewa tsirarun ‘yan Shi’a, ya zo akasin haka daga mafi rinjayen Ahlus-Sunnah; injiniyoyin sojojin Iraqi da suka isa unguwar tare da Amurkawa, kuma suka gudanar da nasu tsarkakewa tare da goyon baya ko amincewar sojojin Amurka.
Yaƙin titin Haifa cikin baƙin ciki ya nuna cewa sabuwar dabarar Bush za ta ƙara yawan tashin hankali a Bagadaza sama da matakan da ba za a iya jurewa ba. Tare da ƙarin sojoji a hannunsu, janar-janar na Amurka za su yi ƙoƙarin daidaita wasu yankuna da yawa kamar titin Haifa da birane kamar Tal Afar waɗanda ke buƙatar 'dawo da su ƙarƙashin ikon tsaron Iraki.' Kuma idan sun yi haka, za su kawo irin abubuwan ban tsoro da suka kawo wa titin Haifa, ciki har da mugunyar wutar lantarki, bincike gida-gida da fada, tashin hankali na bangaranci, tarwatsewar kabilanci, da kawar da kabilanci.
Kamar sauran yakin da mamayar Amurka ta yi a Iraki, wannan sabuwar dabarar za ta kara dagula al'amura.
Michael Schwartz, Farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma darakta na Kwalejin Kwalejin Nazarin Duniya a Jami'ar Stony Brook, ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da zanga-zangar da tashe-tashen hankula da tashe-tashen hankula ke yi da kuma kan harkokin kasuwanci da harkokin gwamnati na Amurka. Littattafansa sun hada da Zanga-zangar tsattsauran ra'ayi da Tsarin zamantakewa, Da kuma Manufofin zamantakewa da Ajandar Conservative (an gyara tare da Clarence Lo). Ayyukansa a kan Iraki ya bayyana a yawancin shafukan Intanet da suka hada da Tomdispatch.com, Asia Times, Mother Jones.com, da ZNet; kuma a buga a cikin Contexts, Against Current, da Z Magazine. Adireshin sa na imel shine [email kariya].
[Wannan labarin ya fara bayyana Tomdispatch.com, wani gidan yanar gizo na Cibiyar Nation, wanda ke ba da ci gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban, labarai, da ra'ayi daga Tom Engelhardt, editan dogon lokaci a cikin bugawa, co-kafa Aikin Daular Amurka kuma marubucin Ƙarshen Nasara Al'adu, tarihin cin nasara na Amurka a yakin cacar baka, labari, Kwanakin Karshen Bugawa, Da kuma Ba a cimma manufa ba (Littattafan Nation), tarin farko na tambayoyin Tomdispatch.]
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