Na Juntas, Guguwa, da Girgizar Kasa-Na halitta da Mutum-Made
The Tekun Indiya tsunami 2004, tare da mutuwarsa 225,000 ko fiye a cikin ƙasashe 11, ya girgiza duniya; don haka, a cikin 'yan makonnin nan, an sami barnar da wata guguwa mai karfi (da tashe-tashen hankula) da ta afkawa yankin Irrawaddy Delta na Myanmar. Ya haifar da a kalla Kimanin mutane 78,000 ne suka mutu (tare da wasu 56,000 da aka bayar da rahoton bacewarsu) da kuma nunin jajircewa daga bangaren gwamnatin soji ta mayar da hankali kan tsaron kanta yayin da mutanenta ke hallaka. Hakazalika, wata mummunar girgizar kasa a Sins Sichuan lardin wanda ya kai maki 7.9 a ma'aunin Richter da girgizar kasar da aka ji a nisan mil 1,000 ta shiga cikin labarai. Adadin wadanda suka mutu ya riga ya kai ga 51,000 tare da adadin da ba a san adadin Sinawa ba har yanzu an binne su a cikin tarkace ko kuma an yanke su a yankunan karkara don haka, har yanzu, ba a tantance ba, kuma kiyasta mutane miliyan biyar ba su da matsuguni.
Wadannan bala'o'i ne masu ban mamaki, da wuya a iya shiga ciki, amma duk da haka tambaya ce mai ma'ana ko, dangane da lalacewa, kowane ɗayansu ya kai ga bala'in da ɗan adam ya yi (ko kuma gwamnatin Bush ta yi) a Iraki. Mafi muni kuma, ba kamar wani bala'i ba, bala'in na Iraqi da alama ba zai ƙare ba. Ba wanda zai iya ma tunanin lokacin da za a ce game da ƙasar cewa zamanin sake ginawa ko sake ginawa ya kusa farawa. Madadin haka, lalacewar tana girma mako ne kawai ta mako mai wahala amma duk da haka, kamar yadda aka saba gani a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, Iraki yana ci gaba da samun matsala har ma da fasawa manyan labarai goma a ciki Amurka labaran labarai.
A cikin makon nan ne dai sojojin Irakin suka shiga cikin babban yankin da 'yan Shi'a ke fama da su Sadr City a gabas Bagadaza bayan shafe makonni ana gwabza kazamin fada. Bayanin farko na lalacewa - ana kiran wutar lantarki ta Amurka akai-akai a cikin watannin da suka gabata a cikin wannan yanki mai yawan jama'a - yana da ban tsoro: "Yayin da na shiga cikin unguwa," Raheem Salman ya rubuta na Los Angeles Times online, "lalacewar fadan da aka shafe makonni ana gwabzawa ya yi muni. Galibin shaguna da kiosks sun lalace. An kori kofofin da ke jikinsu, tagogin windows sun farfashe. Ganuwar cike da ramukan harsashi. An lalata wasu gine-gine da harba makami mai linzami. "
Amma sai Iraki ita kanta yankin barna ne. Tun daga farkon hare-haren firgita da ban tsoro a Bagadaza yayin da gwamnatin Bush ta fara mamayewa a cikin Maris 2003 - wanda kashe fararen hula kawai - da kuma harin bam na farko, da makami mai linzami, da harsasai, har ma da tashin bama-bamai na yankunan birane yayin da sojojin Amurka da suka mamaye arewa suka barke, mutuwa, hargitsi, da halaka sun kasance tashin gwauron zabi na gwamnatin Bush a Iraki. Zuwa yanzu, an kiyasta Miliyan 4.7 yan Iraqis ko dai 'yan gudun hijira ne a kasashen waje ko kuma wadanda ke gudun hijira a cikin gida kuma, dangane da wane bincike ko kuma adadin wadanda kuke amfani da su, dubun dubata zuwa miliyan daya ko fiye da haka 'yan Iraki ne suka mutu a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Tabbas babu wata hanya da za a iya auna damuwa da kuncin da wadannan shekarun suka yi wa Iraqin.
The New York Times kwanan nan profiled Likitan tabin hankali da ke aiki da kayan aikin da ba su da bege ba a cikin bala'in matsananciyar matsananciyar rauni, raunin bil'adama a Ibn Rushid, asibitin masu tabin hankali a cikin Bagadaza. Yanzu ya zama rusasshiyar da bakwai daga cikin ma’aikatanta 11 likitocin tabin hankali suka gudu - ko dai zuwa yankunan Kurdawa zuwa arewa ko kuma kasashen waje - suna tsoron sacewa ko kisa. A wasu asibitoci da jami'o'i a Bagadaza, rahotanni sun ce an rage ma’aikata da kashi 80%. Tattalin Arzikin ya tabarbare; ikon gwamnati da wuya ya wanzu; cuta ta yi yawa; tsarin likita a cikin rugujewa; muhimman sassa na tsakiyar aji sun tafi; mayakan da ke iko; kuma har yanzu, a cikin wannan bala'i mai tada hankali, gwamnatin Bush ta dage ta nace cikin tafiyarsa.
An zubar da raini da yawa a kan junta a ciki Myanmar kwanan nan, amma, a lokacin da ya zo ga recitrance da kuma sa son kai a gaba da jin dadin talakawan rayuka, da shugaban Amurka, mataimakin shugaban kasa, da kuma manyan jami'an su sun tabbatar da kansu a duniya junta na farko tsari. Idan aka zo Iraki, har ya zuwa yau, sun kasance cikin duhun kai kuma suna samun kariya daga sakamakon girgizar ƙasa mai lamba 7.9 da suka bari a ƙasar.
Komawa cikin Janairu 2005, la'akari da Tsunami Tekun Indiya, Rebecca Solnit rubuta a wannan rukunin yanar gizon: "Za ku iya cewa ta wasu hanyoyi cewa abin da ya faru a Iraki tsunami ne da ya shafe mil dubu goma daga cibiyar girgizar kasa a birnin Washington DC, girgizar kasa ta manufofi da ka'idoji da suka lalata rayuka da mahalli da birane marasa adadi. nisa..." Amma wannan bai zama ainihin sanannen hoto a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka ba; don haka, a cikin 'yan makonnin nan, babu wanda ya taba tunanin alakanta bala'in da muke fuskanta a Iraki da bala'o'in da ke faruwa a Asiya, ko ayyukan gwamnatin Burma da na shugabanninmu dangane da. Iraki. Bayan haka, an yi mu'amala da mu, kuma gabaɗaya ba mu manta da, cutarwar da ke gudana a kai ba.
Amma duk da haka, kamar yadda Michael Schwartz ya nuna, juriya na Iraqi ga buƙatun Bush da ƙira na ci gaba da tsinkaya. Irin wannan juriya yana tare da mu aƙalla tun daga ƙauyen Katolika na Spain - ’yan Sunni masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na zamaninsu - sun yi tsayin daka, kuma a ƙarshe sun ci nasara, sojojin Napoleon, mafi kyau a cikin Turai a lokacin. Kuma don yin hukunci da shahararrun jerin ruwayen ruwa na Francisco Goya, Bala'in Yaki, da ba za ku ƙara son saduwa da waɗanda baƙauye a cikin titin baya fiye da yadda kuke so da yawa daga cikin masu adawa a cikin Iraki a yau.
Schwartz, wanda asali da kuma canny na nazari na Iraki sun daɗe suna cikin Tomdispatch, yanzu an gina shi akan wannan aikin don ƙirƙirar sabon littafi mai ban sha'awa, Yaki Ba Karshe, wanda nan ba da jimawa ba za a buga. Wannan yanki kan yadda wata al'umma mai mutane miliyan 26 ta yi nasarar yin tsayayya da "mafi girman ikon duniya" - da kuma farashin da ta biya - an daidaita shi daga ƙarshen littafin.
Tom Engelhardt
River of Resistance
Yadda Mafarkin Imperial na Amurka ya kafa Iraki
By Michael Schwartz
A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2003, 'yan ƙasa a faɗin duniya sun bazu kan tituna don nuna adawa da mamayar da George W. Bush ya yi. Iraki. An gudanar da zanga-zangar a manyan birane da kananan garuruwa na duniya, ciki har da wata karamar zanga-zanga amma mai rudani a wajen Tashar McMurdo in Antarctica. Kusan mutane miliyan 30, waɗanda suka fahimci bala'in da ke tafe, sun shiga cikin abin da Rebecca Solnit, cewa manzon jama'a bege, ya kira " zanga-zangar gama gari mafi girma kuma mafi yaduwa a duniya da aka taba gani."
Kima na farko na tarihi ya bayyana wannan gagarumar zanga-zangar ta duniya a matsayin gazawar da ta samu nasara, tun bayan gwamnatin Bush, kasa da wata guda, ta ba da umarnin. Amurka sojojin da ke kan iyakar Kuwait da kuma zuwa Bagadaza.
Kuma tun daga lokacin an manta da shi, ko kuma an fi dacewa da shi, an shafe shi daga ƙwaƙwalwar hukuma da kafofin watsa labarai. Amma duk da haka zanga-zangar jama'a ta fi kamar kogi fiye da guguwa; tana ci gaba da kwararowa zuwa sabbin wurare, tana ɗauke da gutsuttsuran rayuwarta ta farko zuwa wasu wurare. Ba za mu iya sanin sakamakonsa ba har sai bayan shekaru da yawa, lokacin da, idan muka yi sa'a, a ƙarshe mun warware tafarki na ɓarna. Da yake magana ga masu zanga-zangar a baya a watan Mayu 2003, wata daya kacal bayan Amurka sojojin sun shiga babban birnin kasar Iraqi Solnit da wadannan:
"Wataƙila ba za mu taɓa sani ba, amma da alama gwamnatin Bush ta yanke shawara kan harin bama-bamai na 'Shock and Awe' na Bagadaza saboda mun bayyana karara cewa tsadar ra'ayin duniya da tashin hankalin jama'a zai yi yawa. 'yan dubun ko dubun dubatar rayuka. Muhawarar duniya game da yakin ta jinkirta shi na tsawon watanni, watannin da watakila ya baiwa 'yan Iraqi da yawa lokaci su kwanta a shaguna, su kwashe, da karfin gwiwa don kai hari."
Duk abin da tarihi ya ƙare game da wancan lokacin rashin tsammani na zanga-zangar, da zarar yakin ya fara, wasu nau'ikan juriya sun taso - musamman a cikin Iraki kanta - waɗanda suke daidai da ba zato ba tsammani. Kuma ana iya gano tasirinsu akan manyan manufofin masu tsara gwamnatin Bush. Ka yi la'akari da shi ta wannan hanyar: A cikin ƙasa mai girman California mai mutane miliyan 26, tarin tarin Baathists, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, tsoffin sojan soja, masu shirya ƙungiyoyi, masu mulkin demokraɗiyya, shugabannin kabilu na gida, da limaman siyasa - sau da yawa ga juna. makogwaro (a zahiri) - duk da haka ya sami nasarar dakile shirye-shiryen New Rome da ke da'awar kansa, "hyperpower" da "sheriff na duniya" na Planet Earth. Kuma cewa, ko da a farkon kallon kima na tarihi, na iya zama tarihi.
Sabon Karni na Amurka Ya Bace A Aiki
Yana da wuya a yanzu har ma a tuna ainihin hangen nesa George W. Bush da manyan jami'ansa suka yi game da yadda cin galaba aka yi. Iraki zai bayyana a matsayin wani lamari a cikin yakin duniya na shugaban kasa akan ta'addanci. A cikin tunaninsu, mamayewar ya tabbata zai ba da nasara cikin sauri, don ƙirƙirar yanayin abokin ciniki wanda zai kasance mai mahimmanci. "daure" Amurka sansanonin soji daga wanda Washington za su aiwatar da iko a cikin abin da suke so a kira "Babban Gabas ta Tsakiya."
Bugu da kari, Iraki da sauri zai zama aljannar kasuwa mai 'yanci, mai cike da mai da ke gudana a farashi mai daraja a kasuwannin duniya. Kamar faɗuwar dominos, Siriya da Iran, waɗanda irin wannan zanga-zangar ƙarfin Amurka, za su bi, ko dai daga ƙarin soji ko kuma saboda gwamnatocinsu - da na har zuwa kasashe 60 duniya - zai yaba da banza na adawa da bukatun Washington. A ƙarshe, "lokacin unipolar" na Amurka duniya hegemony cewa rugujewar na kungiyar Soviet da aka qaddamar za a tsawaita zuwa a "Ƙarni na Amirka" (tare da tsararraki Pax Republican a gida).
Wannan hangen nesa a yanzu, ba shakka, ya daɗe, godiya ga babban juriya da tsayin daka na kowane iri a cikin Iraki. Wannan tsayin daka ya ƙunshi nisa fiye da na farkon tawayen Ahlus-Sunnah wanda ya ɗaure me Donald Rumsfeld da girman kai da aka yi wa lakabi da "mafi girman ƙarfin soja a fuskar duniya." Tuni dai babu wata sanarwa da za ta iya nuna cewa, a kowane mataki na al'umma, yawanci a cikin babbar sadaukarwa, al'ummar Iraki sun karyata tsarin mulkin daular.
Ka yi la’akari da, alal misali, dubban hanyoyi da ‘yan Sunna na Iraqi suka bijirewa mamayar ƙasarsu daga kusan lokacin da manufar gwamnatin Bush ta ruguza gwamnatin Baath ta Saddam Hussein gaba ɗaya ta bayyana. Babban birnin sunna Fallujah, kamar sauran al'ummomi a fadin kasar, ba tare da bata lokaci ba, sun kafa sabuwar gwamnati bisa tsarin malamai na kananan hukumomi da na kabilu. Kamar da yawa daga cikin wadannan garuruwan, ta kaucewa mafi munin satar da aka yi bayan mamayar ta hanyar karfafa kafa rundunonin sojan cikin gida don ‘yan sanda ga al’umma. Abin ban mamaki shi ne, baragurbin wawaye da aka yi a ciki Bagadaza ya kasance, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, sakamakon Amurka kasancewar sojoji, wanda ya jinkirta samar da irin wadannan mayakan a can. A ƙarshe, duk da haka, ƴan tsagera sun kawo tsari na tsari har ma Bagadaza.
A Falluja da sauran wurare, ba da daɗewa ba waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sojan sun zama kayan aiki masu inganci don ragewa, kuma - na ɗan lokaci - kawar da kasancewar ƴan ta'adda. Amurka soja. A cikin mafi kyawun shekara guda, ana fuskantar IEDs da kwanton bauna daga mahara, da Amurka Sojoji sun ayyana Falluja a matsayin yankin "ba a tafi" ba, sun janye zuwa sansanonin da ke wajen birnin, tare da dakatar da kai hare-hare a cikin unguwannin da ke gaba da juna. Wannan ja da baya ya yi daidai da sauran garuruwa da garuruwa da yawa. Rashin gudanar da sintiri da sojojin mamaya suka yi ya ceci dubun dubatan "masu tayar da kayar baya" daga mummunan tashe-tashen hankula na mamaye gida, da 'yan uwansu daga rugujewar gidaje da kuma tsare 'yan uwa.
Ko da mafi nasara na Amurka Kasadar soja a wancan lokacin, yakin Falluja na biyu a watan Nuwamba 2004, ana kuma iya ganinsa, ta mabanbantan ra'ayi, a matsayin nasarar juriya. Domin da Amurka ana buƙatar tara kaso mai tsoka na ƙungiyoyin yaƙi don kai hari (har ma da tura sojojin Burtaniya daga kudanci don gudanar da ayyukan dabaru), yawancin sauran biranen an bar su su kaɗai. Yawancin waɗannan biranen sun yi amfani da wannan jinkirin daga sojojin Amurka don kafa, ko haɗin gwiwa, gwamnatoci masu cin gashin kansu ko gwamnatoci masu zaman kansu da kuma ƙungiyoyin tsaro na tsaro, wanda ya sa ya zama mafi wahala ga mamayar ta sarrafa su.
Ita kanta Falluja ta kasance. hallaka, tare da kashi 70% na gine-ginen da suka koma baraguza, kuma dubun-dubatar mazaunanta sun kauracewa matsugunansu na dindindin - wani matsananciyar sadaukarwa da ke da tasirin da ba zato ba tsammani na daukar matsin lamba kan wasu biranen Iraki na wani dan lokaci. Hasali ma, tsananin tsayin dakan da ake yi a yankunan da galibinsu ‘yan Sunni ne na Iraki ya tilastawa sojojin Amurka dakata kusan shekaru hudu kafin su sake sabunta yunkurinsu na farko a shekara ta 2004, na kwantar da tarzomar da Sadrist ke jagoranta a yankunan da galibin ‘yan Shi’a ne na kasar.
Tawayen Ma'aikatan Mai
A wani fage gaba ɗaya, la'akari da mafarkin gwamnatin Bush kayan aiki Hako mai na Iraqi ga manufofinta na ketare. Manufofin nan da nan, kamar yadda masu tsara shirye-shiryen Amurka suka gani, shine su ninka abubuwan da aka fitar kafin yakin da fara aiwatar da canja wurin sarrafa kayan sarrafawa daga mallakar jihohi zuwa kamfanonin waje. Manyan tsare-tsare uku na makamashi da aka ƙera don cimma waɗannan manufofin ya zuwa yanzu sun ji takaici saboda tsayin daka daga kusan kowane bangare na al'ummar Iraki. Ma'aikatan mai na Iraki masu tsari da kyau sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan ta hanyar yin amfani da ikon su na kawo samar da kayan aiki a tsaye don dakatar da jigilar kayayyaki - 'yan watanni kadan bayan da Amurka ta hambarar da gwamnatin Saddam Hussein - na ayyukan kudancin kasar. tashar man fetur ta Basra zuwa ga gudanarwa na kamfanin Halliburton na lokacin KBR.
Wannan da sauran ayyukan rashin amincewar ma'aikata na farko sun mayar da harin farko kan tsarin samar da man da gwamnatin Iraki ke iko da shi. Irin wadannan ayyuka sun kuma kafa harsashin nasarar kokarin hana aiwatar da manufofin mai da aka tsara a Washington da aka tsara don mika ikon sarrafa makamashi da hakowa ga kamfanonin kasashen waje. A cikin wannan yunƙuri, ma'aikatan mai sun samu haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Sunni da Shi'a, ƙananan hukumomi, da kuma sabuwar majalisar dokokin ƙasa.
Irin wannan juriya iri ɗaya ta kai ga ɗaukacin jerin sauye-sauyen neoliberal wanda Hukumar Haɗin Kan Haɗin Kan Amurka (CPA) ke ɗaukar nauyinta. Tun farkon mamayar, alal misali, an yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da rashin aikin yi da aka yi, sakamakon rugujewar gwamnatin Baath da kuma rufe masana’antun gwamnati. Yawancin juriya da makami mayar da martani ne ga mamayar da aka fara murkushe wadannan zanga-zangar.
Ko da ma mafi mahimmanci shine ƙoƙarin gida na maye gurbin ayyukan gwamnati da CPA ta dakatar. Haka kananan hukumomin da suka reno 'yan bindigar sun nemi ci gaba ko maye gurbin shirye-shiryen zamantakewa na Baathist, sau da yawa ta hanyar fitar da man da aka yi niyyar fitarwa zuwa kasuwar baƙar fata don biyan kuɗin ayyukan gida, da kuma tara albarkatun gida kamar samar da wutar lantarki. Sakamakon zai kasance ƙirƙirar manyan biranen birni a ko'ina Amurka sojojin ba su halarta ba, wanda ya haifar da gazawar mamaya don "lalata" kowane yanki mai mahimmanci na ƙasar.
Ƙungiyoyin Sadrist da ƙungiyar sojojin Mahdi na malamin Muqtada al-Sadr mai yiwuwa su ne suka fi samun nasara - kuma mafi adawa da mamaya - na jam'iyyun siyasar Shi'a-cum-militias waɗanda ke neman haɓaka ƙungiyoyin gwamnati. Sun yi ƙoƙarin biyan wasu buƙatun al'ummominsu, duk da haka kaɗan, samar da kwandunan abinci, sabis na gidaje, da hidima da sauran ayyuka da gwamnatin Baath ta yi alkawari a baya, amma mamayar Amurka da gwamnatin Iraki sun yi watsi da su cewa Amurka shigar lokacin " mikawa" mulkin mallaka a watan Yuni 2004.
Ma'aikatan Amurka sun yi tsammanin cewa shirinsu na saurin mayar da hannun jari da kuma sauya fasalin tattalin arzikin da jihohi zai haifar zai haifar da juriya, amma sun gamsu cewa hakan zai ragu da sauri da zarar sabon tattalin arzikin ya fara aiki. A maimakon haka, yayin da mamaya ke ci gaba da yin ta'adi, bukatu na neman agaji sun kara yin tsayin daka da tsayin daka, yayin da ita kanta kasar cikin rudani da rugujewa, ta zama shaida a bayyane na gazawar manufofin "kasuwar 'yanci" ta gwamnatin Bush.
Ajandar Iraqi na Janyewa
Jami'an ma'aikata sun fuskanci wannan matsala a fagen siyasa. Asalin manufar gwamnatin Bush ita ce tsayayyiyar gwamnatin Washington, wacce ta kawar da karfin tattalin arziki da siyasa a kan al'ummar Iraki, amma wani tushe ne na tsayin daka ga ikon yankin Iran. Wannan hangen nesa, kamar 'yan uwanta na soja da na tattalin arziki, tun da daɗewa ya ɓace a cikin nauyin juriya na Iraki.
Dauki, alal misali, manyan zabukan Iraqi guda biyu, da aka yi shagulgulan a kafofin watsa labaru na Amurka na yau da kullun a matsayin cim ma na musamman da gwamnatin Bush ta cimma a cikin tsarin mulkin kama karya. Middle East. Ciki Iraki, duk da haka, suna da kamanni iri-iri. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa Amurka da farko ta yi niyyar dorewar mulkinta kai tsaye - Hukumar Haɗin kai - har sai an daidaita ƙasar kuma an kammala gyare-gyaren tattalin arzikinta. Lokacin da CPA ta zama alamar ƙiyayya ta aikin da ba a so, shiri ya koma ra'ayin kafa gwamnatin Iraqi da aka naɗa, bisa tarukan al'umma wanda kawai magoya bayan mamayar za su iya halarta. Za a dage babban zabe har sai an tabbatar da wadanda suka yi nasara da cikakken goyon bayan ajandar Bush. Wata zanga-zangar da ta fito daga yankunan kasar da galibin mabiya mazhabar shi'a ne, karkashin jagorancin Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, ta tilastawa jami'an CPA ci gaba da dabarun zabe.
Zaɓen farko da aka yi a watan Janairun 2005 ya ba da babban rinjayen 'yan majalisar da suka kada kuri'a a kan dandamali da ke kira da a samar da tsauraran jadawali na cikakken lokaci. Amurka janye sojoji daga kasar. Wakilan Amurka da karfi sun matsa wa sabuwar majalisar ministocin da aka nada ta yin watsi da wannan matsayi.
Zaben 'yan majalisa na biyu a watan Disamba na 2005 ya bi irin wannan tsari. A wannan karon, cinikin bayan gida yana da tasiri kawai. Sabon Firaministan da aka nada, Nouri al-Maliki, ya yi watsi da alkawuran da ya dauka a yakin neman zabensa, ta hanyar nuna goyon baya ga rundunar sojan Amurka da ke ci gaba da zama a bainar jama'a, lamarin da ya haifar da cece-kuce a cikin kawancen da ke mulki. Bayan shafe shekara guda ana tattaunawa ba tare da samun fa'ida ba, Sadrist 30 a majalisar dokokin kasar, wadanda asalinsu wani muhimmin bangare ne na kawancen gwamnatin Maliki, sun fice daga cikin kawancen da majalisar ministocin kasar domin nuna rashin amincewarsu da kin sanya ranar kawo karshen mamayar. Bukatun majalisar da suka biyo baya na wani takamaiman ranar janyewar gwamnati da kuma sun yi watsi da su Amurka jami'ai. Yayin da Maliki ya ci gaba da rike mukaminsa ba tare da samun rinjaye a majalisar ba, takaddamar ta haifar da karuwar farin jinin Sadrists da kuma raguwar goyon bayan sauran jam'iyyun da ke mulki na Shi'a.
A farkon shekara ta 2008, yayin da zaɓen larduna ke gabatowa a watan Nuwamba, babu shakka cewa Sadrists za su mamaye madafun iko a yawancin lardunan Shi'a da yawa, mafi mahimmanci. Basra, Iraki‘birni na biyu mafi girma da kuma kudancin mai. Don hana wannan rikici, sojojin gwamnatin Iraki, masu goyon baya da kuma ba da shawara Amurka soja, nema fitar da Sadrists daga mahimman wuraren Basra.
Wannan amfani da karfin soji don hana shan kaye a zabe na daya daga cikin alamu da dama da ke nuni da cewa gwamnatin Iraki na jin matsin lambar jama'a. Wani kuma shi ne rashin son firaminista Maliki ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai adawa da shi Iran. Duk da yunƙurin gwamnatin Bush, gwamnatinsa ta inganta dangantakar zamantakewa, addini, da tattalin arziki tsakanin Iraqi da Iraniyawa. Wadannan sun hada da saukaka ziyarar garuruwa masu tsarki na Karbala da Najaf dubun dubatar mahajjatan Shi'a na Iran, da kuma tallafawa hada-hadar man fetur mai yawa tsakanin Basra da kamfanonin Iran, gami da rarrabawa da ayyukan tacewa waɗanda suka yi alƙawarin haɗa tattalin arzikin makamashin biyu. An ki amincewa da wata alakar soji da aka kulla tsakanin kasashen biyu Amurka hukumomi, amma hakan bai mayar da guguwar hadin gwiwa ba.
The River of Resistance
Yayin da aikin ya ci gaba da tafiya, gwamnatin Bush ta sami kanta tana ninkaya a kan juriya irin wadda ba za a iya misalta a baya ba, kuma ta ci gaba da gaba da manufofinta. A yau, garuruwa da garuruwan da ke fadin kasar suna karkashin ikon mayakan Shi'a ko 'yan Sunna wadanda ko da mamaya suka ba su horo ko kuma biyan su albashi, suna adawa da 'yan ta'adda. Amurka gaban. Haka kuma, ko da yake an mayar da tattalin arzikin Iraqi mai ruguje cikin sirri, waɗannan ƴan sa-kai na gida - da shugabannin siyasar da suka yi aiki da su - suna ci gaba da gabatar da buƙatun buƙatun da gwamnati ta samu na sake ginawa da shirye-shiryen bunƙasa tattalin arziki.
Shugabancin siyasa na yau da kullun na Iraki, kulle a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan kagara, Yankin Green da Amurka ke sarrafawa a ciki Bagadaza, ya kasance mai yarda da jama'a idan ya zo ga gwamnatin Bush na shirye-shiryen canza canji Iraki zuwa wani sansanin Gabas ta Tsakiya - ciki har da ci gaba da kasancewar sojojin Amurka a kan wani jerin na mega-bases a cikin tsakiyar kasar. Sauran ayyukan gwamnati da mafi yawansu IrakiTushen ciyawa na ƙara dagewa a farkon ranar tashi da Amurkawa da kuma sake jujjuya manufofin tattalin arziki da aka fara gabatar da shi.
In Washington, ga Democrat da kuma 'yan siyasar Republican, da outpost ra'ayin ya kasance a cikin zuciyar manufofin manufofin Iraki a wannan shekarar zaɓe, tare da tsarin tattalin arziƙin neman yancin ɗan adam wanda ke nuna yanayin zamanantar da fannin mai wanda kamfanoni na ƙasa da ƙasa za su yi amfani da na'urorin zamani na zamani don haɓaka haɓakar samar da mai a ƙasar.
tsayin daka na Iraki kowane iri kuma a kowane mataki, duk da haka, ya hana wannan hangen nesa ya zama gaskiya. Saboda Iraqis, yaƙe-yaƙe na Yaƙin Duniya na Ta'addanci an rikiɗe zuwa yaƙi mara iyaka, mara fata.
Amma 'yan Irakin sun biya wani mummunan farashi saboda tsayin daka. Mamaya da manufofin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ke tare da shi sun lalata Iraki, ta bar mutanenta da gaske marasa hali. A cikin shekaru biyar na farko na wannan yaki mara iyaka, Iraqi sun sha wahala fiye da yadda suka yarda da kuma jure karfin soja da tattalin arzikin Amurka. Ko da sani ko a'a, sun sadaukar da kansu don dakatar da su Washington's hasashen soja da tattalin arziki tafiya ta masu arzikin man fetur Middle East akan hanyar zuwa sabon karnin Amurka wanda yanzu ba zai taba kasancewa ba.
Lokaci ya wuce don sauran duniya su yi kafada akalla kadan na nauyin juriya. Kamar yadda zanga-zangar da aka yi a duniya kafin yakin ya kasance daga cikin tushen tushen juriya na Iraqi mai zuwa, don haka a yanzu wasu, musamman Amurkawa, yakamata su yi watsi da ra'ayin cewa Iraki za ta iya zama hedkwatar kasancewar Amurka ta dindindin wanda zai kasance. a cikin kalmomi David Frum marubucin jawabin Bush, "ya sanya Amurka gabaɗaya ta kula da yankin fiye da kowane iko tun lokacin da Ottoman, ko watakila ma Romawa." Ba kamar mutanen Iraqi ba, bayan haka, ƴan ƙasar Amurka suna matsayi na musamman don binne wannan mafarki na sarki na kowane lokaci.
Michael Schwartz, Farfesa na Sociology a Dutse Brook Jami'ar ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa kan zanga-zangar jama'a da tayar da kayar baya. Bincikensa na Americas Iraki sun bayyana akai-akai a Tomdispatch.com, da Asiya Times, Mother Jones, da Contexts. Littafinsa Tomdispatch mai zuwa, Yaƙi Ba Tare da Ƙarshe ba: Rikicin Iraki a cikin Mahimmanci (Haymarket, Yuni 2008) yayi nazarin yadda tsarin mulkin soja na man fetur ya jagoranci Amurka don wargaza kasa da tattalin arzikin Iraki tare da rura wutar yakin basasa na mazhaba. Adireshin sa na imel shine [email kariya].
[Wannan labarin ya fara bayyana Tomdispatch.com, wani gidan yanar gizo na Cibiyar Nation, wanda ke ba da ci gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban, labarai, da ra'ayi daga Tom Engelhardt, editan dogon lokaci a cikin bugawa, co-kafa Aikin Daular Amurka kuma marubucin Ƙarshen Nasara Al'adu (Jami'ar Massachusetts Press), wacce aka sabunta ta sosai a cikin wani sabon bugu da aka fitar wanda ke magana kan al'adar nasara ta karo da kone-kone a Iraki.]
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