Akwai imani gaba ɗaya cewa ƙungiyar zaman lafiya a Amurka tana tuta.
An ba da dalilai da yawa da ya sa ƙungiyar yaƙi da yaƙi ba ta da ƙarfi kamar yadda ake iya kasancewa: karkata zuwa yakin neman zaɓe; rashin kunya bayan nasarorin da aka samu a zabukan da suka gabata (ko watakila, kamata ya yi a yi tsammanin) za su kasance a sarari; rashin daftarin aiki; cibiyoyin koleji suna ƙara zama masu gasa da ɗalibai masu mayar da hankali kan sana'a; karuwar matsalolin tattalin arziki ga yawan jama'a.
Dangane da mu a manyan jami'o'i, wani nau'i na muhawarar ya nuna cewa dalibai ba su da dangantaka da yakin kai tsaye; cewa za su iya guje wa yakin, kuma kada su yi tunani a kai.
Amma wannan gardamar ba ta aiki lokacin da kuke zaune a Nuremberg, California.
* * * *
Yau sama da shekaru 5 kenan da zanga-zangar adawa da yaki mafi girma da aka taba gani a tarihin duniya. A cikin Fabrairun 2003, kafin a fara yaƙin, kusan mutane miliyan 10 a faɗin duniya sun yi maci don neman zaman lafiya, don guje wa yaƙi mai tsanani, don dakatar da mamayewa ta haramtacciyar hanya da lalata.1
Na sani! Na yi tafiya tare da mutane 150,000 - a Melbourne, Ostiraliya; Zanga-zangar mafi girma da ƙasar ta taɓa gani - har sai da rikodin ya zarce a Sydney kwanaki biyu bayan haka.2 Na kalli, ina kururuwa, yayin da duniya ke birgima zuwa ga firgita. Bush, Rumsfeld da kamfani sun buga ganguna, suna kiran hasumiyai masu fadowa, al Qaeda da yin maganganun ƙarya 935 game da barazanar tsaron ƙasa daga Iraki;3 Condoleezza Rice ta girgiza mu da fargabar cewa bindigar shan taba na iya zama gajimaren naman kaza,4 tsakanin 47 jama'a maganganun karya kafin yakin;5 Colin Powell ya ba da wasa mai ban sha'awa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - Na tuna, har abada masochist, yana sauraron ta a rediyo. Daga wurin fasinja, rabin duniya, zan iya tuka babbar mota ta gardamarsa. Tabbas duniya zata barke da dariya? Wasu sun yi, amma bai isa ba. Lamarin ya fara ne, tare da macabre na Rumsfeld na ta'addanci - a zahiri, an tsara shi a sarari don sanya ta'addanci a cikin jama'a - "firgita da tsoro".
Kuma, kamar yadda muka sani a yanzu, Rumsfeld ya yi shirin "Tafi Massive" aƙalla daga 2:40 na rana a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2001. Don haka ka ce bayanansa:6
"Tafi girma… share shi duka". Dubban ɗaruruwan mutane ne aka kashe - bisa ƙiyasin masu zaman kansu da yawa, sama da miliyan ɗaya.7
"Ku tafi babban… Ku kama Saddam… ba kawai Bin Laden ba". Da karfe 2:40 na yamma tare da New York har yanzu ana hayaniya.
"Tafi babba". Sama da 'yan gudun hijira miliyan 4.8
"Tafi babba". Yawaitar karuwar ta'addanci, goyon bayan ta'addanci, da kiyayya ga Amurka.9
Lamarin ba ya da kyau; kuma ba don Iraki kawai ba. Kasafin kudin sojan Amurka ya “yi yawa” na dogon lokaci, yanzu kusan rabin kasafin kudin soja na duniya, sama da dala biliyan 600 a shekara.10 Haka kuma, masanin tattalin arziki Joseph Stiglitz da Linda Bilmes da suka lashe kyautar Nobel sun yi kiyasin cewa jimlar kuɗin yaƙin zai kai dala tiriliyan 3 akan kiyasin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.11 Kiyasin da suka yi a yanzu shi ne, ana kashe akalla dala miliyan 800 a kowace rana.12 Abubuwan da aka rasa don haɓaka rayuwar jama'a, don haɓaka ababen more rayuwa, kula da lafiya, ilimi, jin daɗi, ba za su iya misaltuwa ba.13 Kuma babu wani babban dan takarar shugaban kasa da ke da shirin janyewa nan take, ko ma ficewa gaba daya.14 Gwamnati ba za ta yi watsi da ikonta na mamaye irin wannan yanki mai mahimmanci na duniya ba tare da matsin lambar jama'a ba.
Halin da ake ciki na bala'i yana tabbatar da buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan motsi mai ƙarfi, mai ban sha'awa da fushi; kuma, akasin haka, wannan yanayi ne da ya kamata kungiyar zaman lafiya ta ci gaba da habaka tare da fadada kokarinta na dakatar da yakin.
Wannan ya shafi, musamman lokacin da makarantar ku ke ba da mafaka ga masu laifi.
* * * *
Fara yakin da ba a so da wata al'ummar da ba ta da wata barazana, yawancin kafa da kafafen yada labarai sun dauki himma sosai a cikin 2003; amma ba haka bane. Akwai haramci gaba daya kan amfani da karfi a huldar kasa da kasa, a matsayin doka. Akwai keɓance ga yaƙe-yaƙe da aka yi don kariyar kai ko tare da takunkumin Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a matsayin al'amari na ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin Babi na VII na Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - kuma an shigar da Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya cikin dokar Amurka a matsayin "mafificiyar dokar ƙasa" ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka.15 Kuma wannan ya banbanta da bukatar majalisa ta ayyana yaki a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki.16 Tabbas, halayya da ɗabi'a ba iri ɗaya ba ne - amma ƙa'idodin dokokin duniya da aka yarda da su, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da sauran kafofin, suna ba da ma'auni na waje na haƙiƙa. Kuma ko kadan babu kokwanto a kan cewa an keta su da gangan a lamarin Iraki.
Laifin kasa da kasa na yaki mai tsanani, hakika, babban laifi ne da ya saba wa dokokin kasa da kasa, irin laifin da aka rataye ’yan Nazi a Nuremberg. Mun san cewa Rumsfeld ya shirya shi daga akalla 2001. Condoleezza Rice ta taka muhimmiyar rawa, ta yada gurbatattun leken asiri da yada rugujewar karya game da shan taba da gajimare na naman kaza. Idan an yi amfani da ƙa'idodin kotunan Nuremberg a kan kanmu, to waɗannan biyun za su iya ƙidaya kansu a cikin manyan waɗanda ake tuhuma.
Kuma wannan ba a ce komai ba game da satar waya, na waje da na cikin gida, da azabtarwa ("Ingantattun tambayoyi"), da kuma satar mutane ("mafi kyawun fassarar") - duk Rumsfeld da/ko Rice sun amince da su.17
Kamar yadda aka sani, an nada Donald Rumsfeld a matsayin na shekara guda a matsayin "babban abokin ziyara" a Cibiyar Hoover a watan Satumba na 2007. Kuma Condoleezza Rice ta sanar da aniyar komawa Stanford a karshen gwamnatin yanzu.18
Don haka, maraba da zuwa Nuremberg, California.
* * * *
Amma Nuremberg ba wuri ne kawai da ke da alaƙa da masu aikata laifukan yaƙi ba. Wuri ne da masu laifin yaki suke sa a gaban shari'a. An ƙaddara laifi ko rashin laifi; idan ya yi laifi, dole ne a yanke hukuncin; idan ba shi da laifi, wanda ake tuhuma yana da 'yancin komawa rayuwarsu.
Saboda haka, kamar yadda masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka yi jayayya daidai, Rumsfeld ya kamata ya sami duk 'yancin ilimi da yake so (idan yana da ilimi kwata-kwata, al'amari mai tambaya) - amma tare da faɗakarwa ɗaya. Da zarar an wanke shi daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen. Ya zuwa yanzu, duk da kokarin da muka yi, ya kauce wa hurumin shari’a – duk da cewa (don haka aka ce mani) an ba shi ofishi a Hasumiyar Hoover; kuma ko da yake “abokinta na ziyara mai ban sha’awa” ya kusan ƙarewa. Majalisar dattawan ASSU ta gayyace shi don ya bayyana kansa, amma bai yarda ba.19 Har yanzu muna ci gaba da sa ido.
Condoleezza Rice tana da kyakkyawan rikodin ilimi kuma tana da matsayi mai girma - kuma mutum zai iya rasa lokacin aiki don munanan ɗabi'a kawai, kamar 'daɗaɗɗen ɗabi'a' ko, a cikin kalmomin littafin koyarwa na Stanford, 'gaskiya kuma bayyananniyar gazawa'.20 Tambayar ita ce, menene isashen rashin da'a ga ƙwararren masanin tarihin Rasha da Turai? Alhamdu lillahi ban san wani zargi na sata ba, ko rashin bin diddigi a cikin littattafanta, ko wani hali da bai dace da kowane ɗalibi ba. Lallai, babu wani abin kunya.
A wani ɓangare kuma, za mu iya yin la’akari da ayyuka masu daraja waɗanda aka ba ta lada da ɗaukaka. Wadannan ayyuka sun hada da kai jama'a cikin wani mummunan yaki a kan bayanan karya da bayanan sirri da aka yi amfani da su; da kansa yarda da azabtarwa; aikata babban keta dokokin kasa da kasa. Amma tabbas irin wannan ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙasa ba za a iya kwatanta shi da gazawar bincika abubuwan ba?
Idan muka tsaya kan masana ilimi, ta yaya Farfesa Rice, marubuciya ko kuma ta koyi nazarin Turai da Rasha, ta ci gaba da gudanar da mafi kyawun matsayinta na ilimi da tunani mai zurfi a lokacin da take tantance bayanan sirri kan Iraki, kamar uranium da ake zargi daga Nijar?21 Lokacin da ake faɗin cewa "bindigar shan taba na iya zama gajimaren naman kaza"?
Laifukan da ake yi wa Rumsfeld da Rice, a fuskarsu, a takaice, suna da karfi. Wani ma yana iya cewa sun “yi girma”.
* * * *
Ƙarshen ya bayyana cewa ba za a iya tserewa ba cewa waɗanda suka jagoranci al'umma zuwa ga babban laifin cin zarafin bil'adama suna aiki a karkashin tunanin za su iya yin ritaya a cikin wannan harabar lafiya idan sun gama lalata rayuka da al'ummomi. Zaton ya bayyana cewa za su iya sake dawo da rayuwar farar hula a kan tudu da kuma hanyoyin Stanford academe; kuma a nan, nesa da duk wani tashin hankali na siyasa da ƙamshin yaƙi, za su iya ɓoye cikin aminci cikin kwanciyar hankali na gine-ginen dutsen yashi da ƙamshin wardi a cikin lambunan harabar.
Abin takaici, babu guje wa yaƙi a Nuremberg, California. Idan kuma aka yi shiru a gabansu, ko da kuwa kasancewarsu na alama ne ko kuma na ganganci, to, mun yarda da abin da suka yi wa wannan al’umma da kuma duniya.
Amma idan tarihi zai wuce, Stanford ya shirya sosai don kalubalen. Wannan jami'a tana da tarihin gwagwarmayar yaƙi da yaƙi a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Indochina. Akwai labarin almara na motsi na kashe-ROTC don lalata harabar jami'ar, da kuma yakin yaƙi da bincike kan fasahar mutuwa mafi inganci.
Abin da za a yi a al'adar Nuremberg wani abu ne wanda Stanford zai yanke shawara da kansa.
Stanford ya ce A'a zuwa War, sabuwar ƙungiyar ɗalibai da aka kafa a harabar wannan shekara, tana neman "Farfesa" Rumsfeld mai gudun hijira, kuma za ta sa ido kan Farfesa Rice nan gaba. An gan ta a harabar jami'a a ranar 23 ga Mayu; Dalibai da dama ne suka nuna ta ga hukuma, amma ta samu a lokacin.
Koyaya, Rice da alama tana da niyyar juya Stanford zuwa Nuremberg. Waɗanda suke daraja kiyaye mafi mahimmancin ƙa'idodin dokokin duniya da ɗabi'a na iya zama abin baƙin ciki a tilasta musu yin hakan.
1Wani bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Aiwatar da Nazarin Ƙasa ta Switzerland (CASIN) ta ba da rahoton cewa alkaluman sun bambanta tsakanin 8 da miliyan 30: Karin Simonson, 'Ƙungiyar Yaƙin Yaƙi: Waving Peace on the Bing of War', Geneva, Maris 2003, http://www.casin.ch/web/pdf/The%20Anti-War%20Movement.pdf. Littafin Guinness Book of Records na 2004 ya nuna zanga-zangar a Rome a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2003 a matsayin rikodin babban taron yaƙi da yaƙi. Phyllis Bennis ya nakalto adadi na miliyan 12-14 akan Dimokuradiyya Yanzu!, A Shekara na Uku na Zanga-zangar Duniya Kan Yakin Iraki, Duban "Daular Kalubale: Yadda Mutane, Gwamnatoci, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke Kare ikon Amurka", Fabrairu 15, 2006, http://www.democracynow.org/2006/2/15/on_third_anniversary_of_global_protest. BBC ta kiyasta miliyan 6 - 10 nan da nan: Labaran BBC, 'Miliyoyin sun shiga zanga-zangar kin jinin duniya', Litinin, 17 ga Fabrairu, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2765215.stm.
2Peter Fray et al, 'Millions Mach for Peace; Amma Amurka, Birtaniya sun ci gaba da shirin yaki', The Age, Melbourne, Fabrairu 17, 2003; Angelique Chrisafis et al, 'Miliyoyin duniya sun yi zanga-zangar neman zaman lafiya; Yawan jama'a a zanga-zangar 600 daga Berlin zuwa Baghdad', The Guardian, Litinin 17 ga Fabrairu 2003. . Kiyasin lambobi a zanga-zangar Melbourne sun kai 220,000: Arun Pradhan, 'Kusan Australiya miliyan 1 sun yi maci don yaƙi', Green Left Weekly, 19 Fabrairu 2003, http://www.greenleft.org.au/2003/526/30904. Duba kuma New York Times, Fabrairu 15, 2003, Robert D. McFadden, 'Daga New York zuwa Melbourne, Kukan Zaman Lafiya', kuma akwai a http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0215-12.htm; Dimokuradiyya Yanzu!, 'Duniya Ta Ce A'a Yaƙi! Rome-Mutane Miliyan 2; London, Madrid, Barcelona-Sama da Miliyan 1 Kowanne; Berlin da Birnin New York-Rabin Miliyan; Melbourne, Sydney da Faransa-Daruruwan Dubban’, Fabrairu 17, 2003, http://www.democracynow.org/2003/2/17/the_world_says_no_to_war.
3A cikin shekaru biyu da suka biyo bayan Satumba 11, 2001 Dubi babban binciken a 'Katin Yaki: Orchestrated on the Path to War', daga Cibiyar Amincin Jama'a, http://www.publicintegrity.org/WarCard/.
4Hira da Wolf Blitzer akan CNN's Late Edition, Satumba 8, 2002. Ana samun kwafi a http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0209/08/le.00.html. "Mun san cewa yana ci gaba da neman makamin nukiliya. Mun san cewa an yi jigilar kayayyaki da ke shiga ... Iraki, alal misali, na bututun aluminum waɗanda suka dace da su kawai - kayan aikin aluminum masu inganci waɗanda kawai suka dace da su. Shirin makaman nukiliya, shirye-shiryen centrifuge… Matsalar anan ita ce koyaushe za a sami rashin tabbas game da yadda sauri zai iya samun makaman nukiliya.
5Hoto da aka samo daga bincike War Card's database na tsawon 9/11/2001 - 3/19/2003 da kuma kirga bayanan karya da aka haskaka a can. http://www.publicintegrity.org/WarCard/Search/Results.aspx?SearchTerms_All=&SearchTerms_Phrase=&SearchTerms_None=&SearchTerms_Person=Rice&SearchTerms_Subject=FS&SearchTerms_DateFrom=01%2f29%2f2001&SearchTerms_DateTo=03%2f19%2f2003&SearchTerms_OrderBy=Record_Id&DisplayAll=False
6Daga bayanin kula da aka ɗauka a lokacin: duba Andrew Cockburn, ‘Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall, and Catastrophic Legacy’, Scribner 2007, p. 9, da CBS News, 'Tsarin Harin Iraki Ya Fara A ranar 9/11', Satumba 4, 2002, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/09/04/september11/main520830.shtml.
7Wani binciken da aka yi bita na annoba ya kiyasta 654,965 (95% tazarar amincewa 392,979-942,636) wuce gona da iri na mutuwar Iraqi a sakamakon yakin, kamar yadda na Yuli 2006. Gilbert Burnham et al, 'Mutuwa bayan 2003 mamayewa na Iraki: giciye-sectional mamayewa na Iraq Binciken samfurin gungu', The Lancet, An buga ta kan layi Oktoba 11, 2006, akwai kan layi a http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/journals/lancet/s0140673606694919.pdf. Kungiyar Binciken Kasuwancin Ra'ayi ta Burtaniya a cikin kiyasin mutuwar mutane 1,033,000 tsakanin Maris 2003 da Agusta 2007 (gefen kuskure 946,000 - 1,120,000) Dubi http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88. Kungiyar Amurka Just Foreign Policy tana ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na yau da kullun akan gidan yanar gizon ta, wanda aka samo daga binciken binciken Lancet. Ya zuwa lokacin rubutawa, yana tsaye a 1,213,716: duba http://www.justforeignpolicy.org/iraq/iraqdeaths.html.
8A cikin sabon rahoto mai ƙarfi na baya-bayan nan, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa 'yan Iraqi miliyan 4.7 sun bar gidajensu, ya zuwa Satumba 2007: duba http://www.unhcr.org/iraq.html.
9Dubi babban bita na tushe a Noam Chomsky, 'Ƙasashen Kasa', Littattafai na Birni, 2006, shafi. 18-24
10Kasafin kudin OMB (Office of Management and Budget) na Fabrairu 2008 ya hada da dala biliyan 518.3 don tsaro na shekara ta 2009, duba http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/defense.html. Amma gami da shirin ba da agajin gaggawa da aiki kan makaman nukiliya da aka karkasa a ƙarƙashin Sashen Makamashi, ƙiyasin sun kai dala biliyan 680. Dubi, alal misali, David Stout da Thom Shanker, 'Kimanin Kudin Yakin Shekara Mai Zuwa akan Dala Biliyan 170 ko Ƙari', New York Times, Fabrairu 6, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/washington/06cnd-military.html?_r=1&th&emc=th&oref=slogin; George C. Wilson, Bush na kashe kashen soja, Fabrairu 11, 2008, http://www.niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=background.view&backgroundid=00229. Don kwatanta da sauran duniya, duba misali. Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya ta Stockholm Yearbook 2007, wacce ta kiyasta kashe kashen sojan duniya a 2006 don kai dala biliyan 1204: http://yearbook2007.sipri.org/chap8/.
11Joseph Stiglitz da Linda Bilmes, 'Yakin dala tiriliyan uku: farashin gaskiya na rikicin Iraki', Norton, 2008.
12Linda Bilmes, 'Wata shekara, wani dala biliyan 300', Boston Globe, Maris 16, 2008.
13Duba, misali, lissafin da Kwamitin Sabis na Abokai na Amurka a http://www.afsc.org/cost/facts-and-figures.htm.
14Duba, misali, sharhin Jeremy Scahill akan Demokraɗiyya Yanzu!, Fabrairu 28, 2008, a http://www.democracynow.org/2008/2/28/jeremy_scahill_despite_anti_war_rhetoric.
15Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, Mataki na VI.
16Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, Mataki na I, Sashe na 8, da Dokar Ikon Yaƙi na 1973.
17Rumsfeld 'Memos azabtarwa' yanzu sun zama almara. Dangane da amincewar Rice ta sirri, duba, misali, Jan Crawford Greenburg et al, 'Madogararsa: Manyan Masu Ba da Shawarar Bush An Amince da 'Ingantattun Tambayoyi', ABC News, Afrilu 9, 2008, http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/LawPolitics/story?id=4583256. Rice ta kare garkuwa da mutane, misali a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2005, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4500630.stm. Da kuma saƙon waya, misali, akan CNN a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2005, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0512/26/sitroom.03.html. Shiga Rumsfeld a cikin saƙon waya mara garanti ya koma shekarun 1970: duba misali. Associated Press, 'Takardu Sun Bayyana Irin Wannan Muhawara ta Wiretap a cikin 1970s', FOX News, Fabrairu 3, 2006, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,183796,00.html.
18Duba, misali, Theo Milonopoulos, ‘Shirin shinkafa zai koma Stanford’, Stanford Daily, Mayu 23, 2008.
19Patrick Fitzgerald, 'ASSU tana gayyatar Rumsfeld don yin magana a Farm', Stanford Daily, Fabrairu 13, 2008.
20Sashe na 4.4.B(1)(a), akwai akan layi a http://facultyhandbook.stanford.edu/ch4.html.
21Dubi, misali, tsohon ma'aikacin NSC Roger Morris, 'Condoleezza Rice a Cibiyar Scandal Plame', Counterpunch, Yuli 27, 2005, http://www.counterpunch.org/morris07272005.html: "Shinkafa ta hanyar hukumar da watsi da shi yana da muhimmanci wajen aiwatar da ainihin zamba a Nijar, sannan kuma babu makawa a cikin cin amanar Plame. da kanta, a kalla da alkiblarta da kuma rubutunta." Duba kuma Gary Leupp, ‘Ranar Uranium na Nijar da kuma “Al’amarin Plame”, Counterpunch, Nuwamba 9, 2005, http://www.counterpunch.org/leupp11092005.html.
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