Donald Trump ya yi gaskiya: an yi magudi tsarin. Amma ana tafka magudi ga ‘yan Republican, ba ‘yan Democrat ba, ga masu ra’ayin rikau, ba masu son ci gaba ba. Kuma sakamakon shi ne zaben dan wariyar launin fata mai tsananin wariyar launin fata, mai mulki na misogynist wanda zai iya canza yanayin tarihin Amurka da ma tarihin duniya.
Mun samu labari cewa Hillary Clinton ta doke Donald Trump da kuri’u sama da miliyan biyu, amma har yanzu Trump ya ci zaben Kwalejin Zabe. Jama'a sun barke da hayaniya a shekara ta 2000 lokacin da Gore ya doke Bush da kuri'u 550,000 amma ya sha kaye a zaben. A wannan karon jama'a, yakin neman zaben Clinton da 'yan jaridu sun yi tsit. Mun yi farin cikin ganin Jill Stein da ke kan gaba wajen fafatawar zabe a Wisconsin, Michigan da Pennsylvania.
A haƙiƙa tsarin Kwalejin Zaɓe, masu bautar bauta ne suka ƙirƙira su, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa mara bin dimokuradiyya da wariyar launin fata, da son kai ga ‘yan Republican. Obama ya nuna cewa za a iya shawo kan tsarin har ma a juya zuwa ga fa'idarmu, amma asarar Clinton da Gore ta nuna hawan tudu ne.
Kwalejin Zabe mai ra'ayin wariyar launin fata, Undemocratic Electoral College
Zaben 2016 shi ne karo na hudu a tarihin Amurka da dan takarar shugaban kasa ya rasa kuri'un jama'a amma ya lashe Kwalejin Zabe, kuma ta haka ne ya zama shugaban kasa. Kuma tazarar da Clinton ta samu na sama da kuri'u miliyan biyu ita ce mafi girma a cikin kowane dan takara da ya yi rashin nasara.
Me yasa, a cikin karni na 21st, Kwalejin Zaɓe ta ci gaba da yin zaɓen jama'a a madadin 'yan Republican? Ra'ayin 'yan jam'iyyar Republican na Kwalejin Zaɓe ya samo asali ne daga manyan abubuwa guda biyu: yana da nauyi fiye da tasirin yawancin masu jefa ƙuri'a a cikin ƙananan jihohi kuma yana watsi da gaba ɗaya mafi yawan kuri'un ci gaba na kusan rabin masu jefa kuri'a na Afirka ta Kudu, fiye da rabin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Masu jefa ƙuri'a na Amirka da kuma babban yanki na masu jefa ƙuri'a na Latino.
Shekaru da dama a yanzu, tare da keɓantacce biyu, 'yan Republican sun mamaye yankunan karkara, ƙananan garuruwa da ƙananan jihohi, kuma 'yan Democrat suna iko da manyan birane da yawancin jihohi.
To, dokokin Kwalejin Zaɓe sun ba da nauyin da ya kai ninki uku ga ƴan jam'iyyar Republican musamman masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da farar fata a jahohin karkara idan aka kwatanta da jahohin da ke da ɗimbin jama'a, masu bambancin launin fata da kuma yawancin al'ummar Demokraɗiyya.
Domin hatta ‘yar karamar jaha tana da mafi karancin kuri’u 3 na Electoral College, bisa ga ka’idar cewa kowace jiha ta nada masu zabe ne bisa la’akari da yawan wakilanta na majalisar wakilai (Sanatoci da Wakilai). Kundin tsarin mulki ya tanadi cewa kowace jiha tana da mafi karancin Sanatoci biyu da dan majalisar wakilai daya, ko da kuwa yawan al’ummarta bai kai gunduma guda daya a babbar jiha ba. (Akwai kusan mutane 710,767 a cikin matsakaicin gundumar majalisa.)
Misali, a wannan shekarar sama da mutane 245,000 ne suka kada kuri’a a Wyoming duk da haka tana da kuri’u uku na Kwalejin Zabe: daya ga kowane 82,000 ko makamancin haka masu jefa kuri’a. Idan aka kwatanta a bana sama da mutane miliyan 12 ne suka kada kuri’a a California wadda ke da kuri’u 55 na Zabe. Don haka California tana da kuri'un Zaɓe ɗaya ga kowane masu jefa ƙuri'a 218,000. Don haka mai jefa ƙuri'a a Wyoming yana ɗaukar kusan sau uku nauyin Zaɓe na mai jefa ƙuri'a na California. Hakika kowace jiha tana da Sanatoci guda biyu, ka’ida ita ce idan aka fi yawan al’ummar jihar, duk wani tasiri da kowane mai kada kuri’a a jihar ke da shi a Kwalejin Zabe.
Kuma, tun da yake 'yan Republican suna ɗauke da dukkan ƙananan jihohi ban da Rhode Island da Washington DC (wanda kuma ke samun kuri'u 3 na Za ~ e), wannan doka ta yarda da su sosai. A wannan shekara sakamakon zaben ya sami damar sauya babbar tazarar kuri'un da Clinton ta samu, saboda a karon farko cikin shekaru da dama, 'yan Republican sun dauki manyan jihohin Florida, Pennsylvania da Michigan, ban da Texas.
Negating da Kudancin Bakar Kuri'a
Har ila yau, tsarin Kwalejin Zaɓe ya tabbatar, har ma yana buƙata, cewa idan aka yi la'akari da tarihin kada kuri'a na launin fata, kusan rabin duk masu jefa ƙuri'a masu launi za a yi watsi da su ko kuma a yi watsi da su gaba ɗaya.
Kimanin kashi 55 cikin 90 na dukkan Bakar fata suna zaune ne a jihohin kudancin kasar, kuma shekaru da dama sun kada kuri'a kusan kashi 1960 cikin 2008 na jam'iyyar Democrat a zaben shugaban kasa. Koyaya, tsarin tun 58 shine masu jefa ƙuri'a na Republican farar fata sun doke su a kowace jihohin kudanci da kan iyaka banda Maryland da Virginia, da (a cikin 2016) North Carolina. Yayin da turawan suka zabi Trump kashi 70 cikin 1980 a fadin kasar a shekarar XNUMX, turawan kudancin kasar sun ba shi sama da kashi XNUMX na kuri’unsu. Kuri'ar farar fata ta kasance kusan iri ɗaya tun daga XNUMX.
Don haka duk kuri'un Kwalejin Zabe na Kudancin, in ban da na Maryland da Virginia, sun tafi ga Trump kuma kusan rabin masu jefa kuri'a na Amurkawa na Afirka ba sa kirga, bisa ga ka'idojin Kwalejin.
Misali, Baƙar fata sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 36 cikin ɗari na zaɓen Mississippi, mafi girman yawan masu jefa ƙuri'a na Baƙar fata a kowace jiha a ƙasar. Kusan kashi 90 cikin dari ne suka zabi Clinton. Amma farar fata kashi 64 cikin 90 na masu jefa kuri'a a jihar, kuma kusan kashi 58 cikin dari ne suka zabi Trump. Don haka Trump da hannu ya lashe kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na jimlar kuri'un jihar da dukkan kuri'un Kwalejin Zabe.
A cikin 2016, kamar shekaru da yawa, sakamakon Kwalejin Zaɓe daidai yake da cewa Baƙar fata a duk jihohin kudanci ban da Virginia da Maryland ba su yi zabe kwata-kwata ba. Hakazalika an yi watsi da kuri'un miliyoyin 'yan asalin Amirkawa da Latino masu jefa ƙuri'a waɗanda ke zaune a cikin manyan jahohin Republican kamar Arizona, Nevada, Oklahoma, Utah, Dakotas, Montana da Texas. Bugu da ari, mutanen Puerto Rico, tsibirin Virgin na Amurka, Samoa na Amurka da Guam—yankunan da Amurka ke mulka-ba su sami kuri'un Kwalejin Zabe kwata-kwata. Azzaluman farar fata, masu rinjaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi rinjaye.
Don haka, tsarin Kwalejin Zaɓe ya saba wa ka'idar mutum ɗaya, kuri'a ɗaya, yana lalata tasirin kuri'un Baƙar fata kuma yana ba wa 'yan Republican babbar dama a takarar shugaban kasa. Ya kamata soke shi ya zama muhimmin sashi na ajandar ci gaba.
Asalin Bawa Na Kwalejin Zabe
Ubannin da suka kafa, karkashin jagorancin masu rike da bauta irin su George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison da James Monroe, sun kirkiro Kwalejin Zabe ne ta hanyar iska don biyan bukatunsu.
Sun tsara sanannen ra'ayin cewa bayi ba mutane ba ne, don haka ba su cancanci kundin tsarin mulki ko 'yancin ɗan adam ba. Wani abin da ya kebanta da wannan ka’ida shi ne tanadin tsarin mulki na cewa za a kidaya bayi a matsayin kashi uku bisa biyar na mutum, domin kawai a tantance adadin wakilan majalisa nawa kowace jiha za ta ba su. Don haka, ko da yake bayi ba su da damar yin zabe, tsarin mulki na uku cikin biyar ya karu da ikon jihohin bayi a cikin Majalisar Wakilai da kuma Majalisa.
Kwalejin Zabe, wacce kowace jiha ke karbar masu zabe da dama daidai da wakilanta na majalisar, an kirkiro shi ne a matsayin hanyar da hukumomi ke amfani da su wajen mika wannan kason na majalisar wakilai na bautar kasa don tantance shugabancin. Masu bautar sun rike shugabancin na tsawon shekaru 50 daga cikin shekaru 72 kafin Abraham Lincoln, wanda aka zaba a shekara ta 1860, ya zama shugaban Amurka na farko da ya yi adawa da fadada bautar. Kudu da ta saba yin amfani da karfin siyasa ta hanyar zabar bayi, nan take suka balle.
Tun bayan ƙarshen bautar Kwalejin Zaɓe ta kasance kayan aikin wariyar launin fata da mazan jiya. Hakan ya baiwa 'yan Republican damar fara lashe zaben shugaban kasa tun bayan da 'yan kudu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka sauya sheka daga jam'iyyar Democrat zuwa jam'iyyar Republican don nuna adawa da dokar kare hakkin jama'a ta 1960.
An tafka magudi a tsarin kuma sauya tsarin zai dauki gyaran tsarin mulki wanda kashi uku bisa hudu na jihohin suka amince da shi. Saboda haka muna cikin wani yunƙuri wanda, idan muka ƙware dabarun Kwalejin Zaɓe kamar yadda Obama ya yi, za mu iya yin nasara. Duk da cewa Kwalejin Zabe ba ta a wajenmu, tarihi, ciki har da masu zaɓe masu tasowa masu tasowa. Mu mai da Trump shugaban kasa na wa’adi daya
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Bob Wing ya kasance mai adalci na launin fata da mai fafutukar zaman lafiya tun 1968. Shi ne editan kafa ColorLines. mujallar da kuma Zaman Yaki jarida. Shi ne marubucin An Zana Layin Yaƙin: Neo-Secession ko Sake Gina Na Uku da kuma Bayanan kula Game da Dabarun Zaɓen Adalci na Al'umma. Bill Fletcher, Jr. mai gabatar da jawabi ne, marubuci kuma mai fafutuka. Ana iya bin sa akan Twitter, Facebook da www.billfletcherjr.com. Shi ne mawallafin, tare da Dr. Fernando Gapasin, na Solidarity Divided, da kuma marubucin Suna Barar Amurka-Da Sauran Tatsuniyoyi Ashirin game da Ƙungiyoyin.