Umthombo: Kulezi Zikhathi
Selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane, i-United States ichithe 7.5 imali ephindwe kaningi ngezikhali zenuzi kuneminikelo yokugoma yomhlaba wonke. Kushiwo ngenye indlela, imali ebekwe ekunikeleni ngomgomo womhlaba wonke isifinyelele nje 13I-% yemali efakwa ezikhalini zenuzi. Ukuqhathanisa kubonisa ukuthi, ngisho naphakathi nenhlekelele eyabiwe yamazwe ngamazwe, lapho ukuqubuka noma kuphi kusongela abantu yonke indawo, amathuluzi ezombusazwe ase-U.S. azimisele kakhulu ukuxhasa amathuluzi okufa kunemithi yokugoma evikela impilo.
UZain Rizvi, umqondisi wocwaningo wenhlangano ebheka izinkampani iPublic Citizen, usize Kulezi zikhathi bala isamba senani lamadola aye ekuthengeni iminikelo yomhlaba yokugoma: cishe ama-$7 ibhiliyoni. Le nombolo ingatholwa ngokuhlanganisa izinkontileka ezivela eMnyangweni Wezokuvikelaโโโezitholakalayo lapha, lapha futhi lapha. (Ukuthi lezi zinkontileka zikhishwe yi-DOD kukhombisa isinqumo esenziwa ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane sokuqhuba izinkontileka ze-Operation Warp Speed โโnge-Pentagon, esikhundleni soMnyango Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu.) U-Rizvi waphawula nge-imeyili ukuthi"i-U.S. iphinde yanikela ngemithamo ethile emazweni ngamazwe kusukela ezinkontilekeni zayo zokugoma zasekhaya ezikhona, kodwa lokho bekunomkhawulo (futhi kungekho obala obala ngakho ).โ
Cishe ingxenye yalesi sitoko ayikathunyelwa okwamanje. Abaphathi beBiden bathengiwe 1 imithamo eyizigidigidi (ngenani cishe u-$3.5 ibhiliyoni ngalinye 500 imithamo eyizigidi), kodwa ngokuvumelana ne uMnyango Wezwe, nje 525 imithamo eyizigidi ithunyelwe kuze kube manje. Ngoba eminingi yale mithamo ayikakasakazwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi akucaci ukuthi izoke inini noma nini, $7 ibhiliyoni cishe liphezuluโโโngamanye amazwi, ithegi yentengo yemithi yokugoma ethunyelwe empeleni ingaphansi kwe-$7 ibhiliyoni samba.
ULindsay Koshgarian, umqondisi wohlelo lweNational Priorities Project, ecwaninga ngokusetshenziswa kwezempi kwezempi yase-U.S., usize Kulezi zikhathi bala ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi zase-US kulo lonke lolu bhubhane, ngokuphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezikhali zenuzi zoMnyango Wezamandla kusukela ngoMashi. 11, 2020 (usuku i-World Health Organization yamemezela ngalo ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke) futhi luyaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-April 15, 2022. Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi kwe-DOE ngalesi sikhathi kufika ku-$53 ibhiliyoni. Lesi samba sihlanganisa imali efakwa esitokweni senuzi ngokwayo, kodwa hhayi izinhlelo zokulethwa kwalezi zikhali (njengemikhumbi-ngwenya, amabhomu kanye nemicibisholo). Lokhu kwenza inani eliphelele lifane ne-$7 izigidigidi zeminikelo yokugoma, engafaki olunye uxhaso impendulo yomhlaba wonke ku-Covid-19, okuhlanganisa ukulethwa nokusabalalisa imithi yokugoma.
Ngokusho kukaKoshgarian, i-$53 ibhiliyoni ihlanganisa imali eya emalini entsha"izikhali zenuzi ezikhiqiza kancaneโ,"ukugcinwa nokuvikelekaโ kwezitoko kanye"ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje, okuwuhlu oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuthuthukiswa kwezikhali.โ Ngokungafani nemithi yokugoma, ejovwa ezingalweni bese ingasekho, izikhali zenuzi zidinga ukuzibophezela njalo ngezimali. ."Izikhali zenuzi zihlala isikhathi eside futhi sinenqwaba yezinkulungwane,โ kusho u-Koshgarian. ."Ukugcina lokho kubiza imali futhi sekunamashumi eminyaka sikwenza.โ
"Yini esigcina siphephile: Ingabe ukugcina lesi sitokwe esikhulu senuzi noma ukuletha le mithi yokugoma?โ ubeka uKoshgarian. ."Lowo ngumbuzo osebenzayo.โ
Lo mbuzo uthatha ukuphuthuma okusha njengokungezwani phakathi kwe-United States neRussiaโโโokukhona, 90% yezikhali zenuzi zomhlabaโโโzikhuphuka kulandela ukuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine. Noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi phakathi kwe-United States neRussia kungaba yinhlekelele, futhi kungadedela a ubusika benyukliya ngamandla okubulala impilo yabantu. Izishoshovu ezimelene nezikhali zenuzi, noma labo abavele bavune ukwehliswa kwesitokwe sase-U.S., bagcizelela ukuthi ukucekelwa phansi okuqinisekiswa ngokulinganayo akuyona inqubomgomo enhleโโโnokuthi ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwezikhali zenuzi zase-U.S. kwandisa umncintiswano wezikhali emhlabeni wonke.
Nokho zonke izinkomba ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali yenuzi kuzohlala kuphezulu. Abaphathi beBiden basebenzisa ukuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine ukuze fonela $50.9 billion ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhali zenuzi ngonyaka wezimali ka 2023 (isibalo esihlanganisa kokubili amasistimu okulethwa kanye nezikhali ngokwazo). Isabelomali sikamongameli siphakamisa i-$16.5 izigidigidi zezikhali zenuzi ngokwazo.
Leli khwelo lokusebenzisa imali eyengeziwe yenuzi liza njengoba uxhaso lokugoma lomhlaba wonke luhlakazeka. Ngasekuqaleni kwale nyanga, amaSenator athi afinyelele isivumelwano se-$10 isigidigidi se-Covid-19 iphakethe losizo, kodwa akazange afake noma iyiphi imali yokugoma umhlaba wonke. Bakhiphe i-$5 bhiliyoni ekuxhaseni ngemali yokugomela umhlaba wonke ngemuva kokuthi amaRiphabhlikhi egcizelele ukuthi usizo olusha luxhaswe ngokwengxenye ngokudweba i-Covid-19 izindleko zosizo ezazigunyazwe ngaphambilini, kodwa ezingakasetshenziswa. (Lelo phakheji ayengakwenza woza ukuzovotela iSenethi emasontweni azayo.)
Abaphathi beBiden base bevele basalele emuva kakhulu ezithembisweni zabo. Ngokusho kuka-a umbiko ekhishwe yiPublic Citizen ngoMashi 8, ukuze ihlangabezane nesithembiso sayo sokunikela 1.1 imithamo eyizigidigidi ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, abaphathi beBiden kuzofanele banyuse izinga labo leminikelo 50%. Ngaphandle koxhaso lwemithi yokugoma emhlabeni wonke, amathuba okuhlangabezana nalokhu kulinganisa akhule kakhudlwana.
Khonamanjalo, isiphakamiso esivela e-India naseNingizimu Afrika ku-World Trade Organization sokumisa okwesikhashana imithetho yempahla yengqondo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukukhiqizwa kwezinguqulo ezishibhile, ezijwayelekile ze-Covid-19 imigomo, ukuhlolwa kanye nokwelapha kulo lonke elaseNingizimu ye-Global kumisiwe kusukela yethulwa okokuqala ngo-Okthoba 2020. NgoMeyi 2021, abaphathi be-Biden wathi kungahlehlisa ukuphikisa kwabaphathi bakaTrump ngokuphelele ukuhoxiswa okuhlongozwayo, kodwa ngokusebenza, abaphathi abazange baphushele idili ngokunamandla. Futhi isivumelwano sokuvumelana esiputshuzwe ngenyanga edlule kwabezindaba, i-United States yaba nesandla esikhulu ekubumbeni, sibe kufakwe ipani ngabameli bezempilo bomhlaba wonke ngokungafaki ukuxilonga nokwelashwa, nokunqamula amazwe wonke kusivumelwano.
Ukuthi abaphathi be-Biden abaphonsi ukwesekwa kwabo ngokwangempela kwempahla yengqondo, noma baphumelelise izithembiso zabo zokunikela ngomuthi wokugoma, kunengxenye enkingeni yomhlaba wonke yokulingana komgomo noma, njengoba abanye bekubeka, umgomo wobandlululo. I-Afrika, kuze kube manje, iyizwekazi elinezinga eliphansi lokugoma emhlabeni: Just 20.3% labantu bakhona bathole okungenani umthamo owodwa. E-United States naseCanada, ngokuphambene, 78% bathole okungenani umthamo owodwa. EBurundi, nje 0.1I-% yabantu igonywe ngokugcwele, futhi e-Congo, nje 0.6% ngu.
Ukulungisa lokhu kungalingani okumangalisayo akukona nje kuphela isibopho sokuziphatha ngokwakhoโโโkuphinde kugcina wonke umhlaba uphephe kakhudlwana. Noma yikuphi ukusabalala okungalawuleki kwe-Covid-19 kudala izinhlobo ezintsha, ezibese zithumela amagagasi okugula nokufa emhlabeni wonke. NjengeNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba uyayifaka,"igciwane elidala i-Covid-19, izoqhubeka nokuguquguquka inqobo nje uma iqhubeka nokusabalala. Lapho igciwane lisakazeka kakhulu, kuba nengcindezi eyengeziwe yokuthi leli gciwane lishintshe. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukwahluka okwengeziwe ukuthi kungaveli ukunqanda ukusabalala kwegciwane.โ
Ukuqhathanisa amadola asetshenziswa emithini yokugoma yomhlaba wonke namadola achithwa ezikhalini zenuzi kuyasiza ngoba eyokuqala idingeka ngokusobala ukuze kunqandwe inhlekelele evamile, yomhlaba wonke, kuyilapho lokhu kuyisikhali esiyingozi kakhulu, esibhubhisayo esake sadalwa umuntu. Kodwa akhona amanye amarubrikhi ongahlola ngawo indwangu yokuziphatha kahulumeni wase-U.S. Uma ibhekwa njengengxenyana yonke ukusetshenziswa kwezempi yase-U.S. (okuyinto i-Koshgarian eyabala ngokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali konyaka wezimali), imali ebekwe ekuthengeni umuthi wokugoma emhlabeni wonke ibonakala incane nakakhulu. Selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane, uhulumeni wase-US usechithe 214 izikhathi eziningi imali embuthweni wezempi wase-U.S. kunasemithini yokugoma yomnikelo womhlaba. Noma, imali ebekwe ekunikeleni ngomgomo womhlaba wonke ingaphansi 0.5% yezindleko zezempi phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kusezweni eselivele linamasosha axhaswe kakhulu ngezimali Emhlabeni, sikhulu kunokusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempi okuhlanganisiwe kokulandelayo 11 amazwe.
Vele, amabhajethi awabandakanyi: I-United States, ngokwembono, ingakwazi ukunikeza uxhaso olukhulu embuthweni wezempi wase-U.S. futhi eminikelweni yokugoma yomhlaba wonke. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi owokuqala uye wathola 214 izikhathi lapho uxhaso lwakamuva luveza khona okukhulu mayelana nokuthi izinto ezibalulekile zase-U.S. zilele kuphi.
Sarah Lazaro ungumhleli wewebhu kanye nentatheli ye-In These Times. Ubhala kuTwitter ku @sarahlazare.
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