Umthombo: Tricontinental
Ezinyangeni zokuqala ngemuva kokuthi iWorld Health Organisation imemezele ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus, umbhali wamanoveli waseNdiya u-Arundhati Roy wabhala ngethemba lakhe lokuthi ubhubhane luzoba 'yingosi, isango phakathi kwezwe elilodwa nelilandelayo'. Ubenethemba, ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi umhlaba uzozibona izinkinga zawo ezinkulu, ezibhebhethekiswa wubhubhane, nokuthi kuzoba khona ukuvuleka okubhekela ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinhlaka zomphakathi. Ayikho into efana naleyo ngaphandle uma isimo sesigaba sezifunda eningini lomhlaba siguqulwa.
Ukuqashelwa nje kwenkinga ngeke kuphumele kunoma iyiphi inzondo ezindaweni ezinjenge-United States, iYurophu, nasemazweni amakhulu asemazweni asathuthuka njengeBrazil neNdiya. Eqinisweni, ubufakazi kulo nyaka odlule bebulokhu buphambene: izigaba ezivelele kulawa mazwe zikhetha ukusebenzisa imali yomphakathi ukuhlenga uhlelo lonxiwankulu olugcwele inhlekelele futhi olumelene nabantu, kunokuba luguqule uhlelo ukuze izithakazelo zeningi labantu ngaphambi kwenzuzo yedlanzana.
Kamuva umbiko evela kwa-Oxfam isikhombisa ukuthi 'amadoda ayishumi acebe kakhulu emhlabeni abone ingcebo yawo ehlanganisiwe ikhuphuka ngengxenye yesigidigidi samadola selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane - imali engaphezu kokwanele ukukhokhela umgomo we-COVID-19 wawo wonke umuntu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho ophonswa ebuphofini. ubhubhane'. Kunokuba isebenzise leyo mali ekugomeni nasekuqedeni ubumpofu, imali ingena ezindlini zentela ezingekho emthethweni kanye nama-akhawunti asebhange akhulisiwe. Ukugoma ubuzwe futhi ukwanda kwendlala kuchaza umphakathi wonxiwankulu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, eChina, iphrojekthi yezenhlalakahle iqede ubumpofu obuphelele ngesikhathi sodlame. NgoNovemba 2020, iziphathimandla esifundazweni saseGuizhou eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina kumemezela ukuthi izifunda eziyisishiyagalolunye zokugcina ezimpofu zasuswa ohlwini lwabampofu, okusho ukuthi zonke izifunda ezimpofu ezingama-832 ezweni manje sezikhishiwe ebuphofini. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, izinqubomgomo zaseShayina zavumela abantu abayizigidi ezingu-80 (cishe bonke abantu baseJalimane) ukuba bahlukane nobumpofu; ngokuphelele, nxazonke 850 izigidi zabantu baseShayina bazikhiphe ebuphofini emashumini eminyaka kusukela ngo-1949 Revolution. Kube namamethrikhi amathathu alolu shintsho: okokuqala, ukuthi wonke umndeni waseShayina ngeke usaba ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu wasemaphandleni; okwesibili, ukuthi iphrojekthi yamaKhomanisi yayizoqeda 'izinkathazo ezimbili' zendlala nezingubo; okwesithathu, ukuthi umbuso waseShayina uzoqinisekisa 'iziqinisekiso ezintathu' zemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezindlu. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sobhadane.
Akubuzwa ukuthi iphrojekthi yezenhlalakahle, ethuthukiswe kakhulu emazweni ampofu, iphakeme kakhulu kunephrojekthi yonxiwankulu, elokhu ikhungethwe yizinkinga naphezu komcebo wamazwe abo. Ukuhlinzeka ngesibalo esisodwa kuphela esizokhombisa ubunjalo benhlekelele yalolu hlelo, i-International Labour Organisation (ILO) ukubala ukuthi isamba semali etholwa ngabasebenzi elahlekelwe yi-avareji engu-10.7% phakathi nekota yokuqala yokuqala ka-2020, okumele ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5 emalini elahlekile yabasebenzi (cishe ama-5.5% omkhiqizo womhlaba wonke ngo-2019). Okusho ukuthini lokhu ukuthi isigaba sabasebenzi ezifundazweni zonxiwankulu silahlekelwe yikhono laso lokukhokha ukuze sinakekele lezi zinkathazo ezimbili (indlala nezingubo) kanye neziqinisekiso ezintathu (imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezindlu), zonke ezivame ukuba ezizimele.
Ngenxa yobuthakathaka bezifunda zezenhlalakahle kanye nenhlangano yomhlaba wonke yezenhlalakahle, izinzuzo zaleyo phrojekthi zibukelwa phansi empini yolwazi eqinisiwe futhi umqondo wayo wokubeka abantu ngaphambi kwenzuzo awukwazanga ukushayela umgomo womhlaba wonke. Kunalokho, isikhathi samanje sichazwa ngobandlululo oluthathu.
- Imali yobandlululo. The isikweletu sangaphandle yamazwe asathuthuka ingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezili-11 zamaRandi, kanti izilinganiso zokuthi ukukhokhelwa kwezikweletu kuzofinyelela cishe ku-$4 trillion ekupheleni kwalo nyaka wekhalenda. Ngonyaka odlule, amazwe angamashumi ayisithupha nane wachitha kakhulu ekukhokheleni izikweletu kunokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kube nenkulumo enesizotha mayelana nokumiswa kwenkonzo yezikweletu, ngosizo oluthile oluncane oluvela ezinhlanganweni ezihlukene zamazwe ngamazwe. Le nkulumo yokumiswa kwezikweletu ihambisana ne-IMF umyalo ukuze izifunda ziboleke imali eyengeziwe njengoba amanani enzalo ephansi; kunokuba ubolekwe ngaphezulu, kungani ungamane ukhansele isamba sesikweletu sangaphandle futhi - ngesikhathi esifanayo - ufake okungenani amatriliyoni angama- $ 37 ahlala ezindaweni zentela ezingekho emthethweni? Igama elivame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza ukwesulwa kwesikweletu lithi 'ukuthethelela'. Kodwa-ke, akukho okungathethelelwa, njengoba lesi sikweletu siwumphumela womlando omude wokweba nokuphanga kwamakoloni. Amazwe acebile ayakwazi ukuboleka ngamanani enzalo aphansi kuya kuqanda, kuyilapho amazwe asathuthuka akhokhiswa amanani abizayo futhi anenzuzo. izikweletu ezinengwayo ukukhokha ngemali eyigugu okufanele ngabe ibheke ekuphuleni uchungechunge lokutheleleka nge-COVID-19.
- I-Medical Apartheid. Umqondisi Jikelele we-WHO u-Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus wathi muva nje ukuthi izwe lisonqenqemeni 'lokwehluleka okuyinhlekelele kokuziphatha'. Ubebhekise ekugomeni ubuzwe nokuqoqwa komgomo ophawula iphrojekthi yonxiwankulu. Amazwe aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic (iCanada, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, kanye nezifunda eziningi zase-Europe) alishaye indiva ikhwelo elivela e-India naseNingizimu Afrika lokuthi Kumiswe imithetho yempahla yengqondo ephathelene nomgomo. Lezi zifundazwe zaseNyakatho zine imali ekhokhelwa imali iphrojekthi ye-COVAX, ngenxa yalokho, esengozini enkulu yokwehluleka, ngokulindelwe okukhulayo ukuthi abantu abaningi emazweni asathuthuka ngeke bawubone umuthi wokugoma ngaphambi kuka-2024, futhi bagobe imigomo, neCanada yakha izinqolobane yemithi yokugoma emihlanu nge-Canadian ngayinye, edonsa le mithi yokugoma ku-COVAX. Kunokwehlukana okukhulu phakathi kwalolu hlobo lokugomela ubuzwe kanye nesocialism yamazwe ngamazwe okubonakala kodokotela baseCuba naseShayina. Yingakho kubalulekile ukusekela i umkhankaso ukuze uHenry Reeve International Medical Brigade waseCuba anikezwe uMklomelo Wokuthula weNobel wezi-2021).
- Ubandlululo Lokudla. Indlala yomhlaba, eyayinayo inqatshiwe kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2014, isiqalile ukukhuphuka kusukela ngaleso sikhathi (lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuthi iChina yayiqede indlala kulesi sikhathi). Indlala yomhlaba manje isisezingeni lika-2010. I-UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)'s 2020 umbiko mayelana nokungavikeleki kokudla kubonisa ukuthi inani lalabo abalambile lizodlula izigidi ezingu-840 ngo-2030. Kodwa lesi sibalo siphansi. Ukwehliswa kwenani kanye nekhwalithi yokudla okutholakala kubantu kuthinte abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili (26% wabantu bomhlaba wonke); lo mkhakha omkhulu wabantu 'ube nendlala' futhi awukwazanga 'ukufinyelela okuvamile kokudla okunomsoco nokwanele ngo-2019'. Le datha ivela ku-2019, ngaphambi ubhubhane. UHlelo Lokudla Lomhlaba lwe-UN amaphrojekthi ukuthi isibalo salabo abalambile singaphindeka kabili ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhane luqukethwe.
Njengoba lolu bhubhane lwendlala ludlondlobala, umqondo uphakamisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zizogoba ukusiza abalimi nabasebenzi bezolimo ukuze bakwazi ukukhiqiza uhlobo lokudla okuhle oludingekayo ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Imithetho yoxhaso bekufanele iqiniswe ukuze ukudla kufinyeleleke kalula. I-IMF kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezihlangene, nokho, azizange zibonise izimpawu zokunikeza amazwe asathuthukayo inkululeko yokuxhasa izinhlelo zokusabalalisa ukudla komphakathi. E-India, uhulumeni welungelo elidlulele ubekade efisa ukudiliza uhlelo lokusekela amanani entengo yomxhaso, okuyinto ayenza, ecasula umlimi osenesikhathi eside esebenza. ukuvukela; umphumela wokuvukela usongela ukukhiqiza iqiniso elisha lezombusazwe eNdiya. Ngemuva kwenqubomgomo enzima yokunqanyulwa kwezibonelelo ezindaweni ezifana ne-India kukhona ubuzenzisi obukhulu, umnyombo wobandlululo lokudla: i-United States ine wachitha U-$1.7 trillion kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule ukuxhasa abalimi bayo, ikakhulukazi amafemu ezinkampani, kanti i-European Union uyachitha U-$65 billion ngonyaka ukuxhasa abalimi bayo. Okulungele ihansi laseNyakatho ye-Atlantic akulungile ku-Global South gander.
Lezi ezintathu zobandlululo ukuthi isakhiwo uhlelo lomhlaba ngaphandle kwamazwe azibophezele kuphrojekthi yezenhlalakahle, okwamanje abhekene nezinsongo zokuhlaselwa kwezempi nokuqhubekayo impi eyi-hybrid ubuchwepheshe (njengempi yolwazi, impi yezomnotho, nempi yezobuzwe). Amazwe aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic aphishekela inqubomgomo yokungqubuzana esikhundleni sokubambisana, eqhuba umbono womhlaba owakhiwe ngenxa yokucwaswa esikhundleni sobumbano.
Lo bhubhane ungaba yingosi, kodwa hhayi ngoba umphumela wawo uzovula amehlo abantu abakhethekile. Basebenzisa imali ekuhlanganiseni amabhange futhi baqinisekise ukuthi isidingo asincipha. Yilokho ugqozi lwabo. Ngeke basule izikweletu, bakhiqize umuthi wokugomela abantu, noma baqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zokudla ziqinile njengoba abalimi nabasebenzi bezolimo bephethe; ngeke bazibhidlize ngokwazo izinhlaka zobandlululo.
Umthelela ongemuhle walolu bhubhane kubasebenzi kanye nakubalimi baseGlobal South, ikakhulukazi, unomkhuba wokujulisa ukwehliswa kwamaholo okuqinisa amandla okuxoxisana ezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe; njengoba iholo kanye namaholo ehla, futhi njengoba amaholo omphakathi encipha, amafemu ayakwazi ukulawula amaholo aphansi kubasebenzi. Kodwa lokhu kuwohloka kwezimo zokuphila okudlulela ngalé kwemingcele yokukhuthazela kuhlangabezana nokuphikiswa okunonya.
The Indian ukuvukela kwabasebenzi bezolimo nabalimi, i I-Kenyan futhi I-Peruvian isiteleka sabasebenzi bezempilo, imibhikisho evamile yabantu Haiti futhi Tunisia, imizabalazo yokulwa nokwehluleka ngokuphelele kukahulumeni ukulwa nalolu bhubhane Brazil, imibhikisho emikhulu yokugunyazwa kokuhushula isisu e Argentina: lezi izinkomba zokuvukela kwabantu, lokho i-GWF Hegel eyakubiza ngokuthi 'ubucayi, ukuhlupheka, ukubekezela, kanye nokusebenza kokubi' kwethi Phenomenology of Spirit (1807). Yilokhu 'kusebenza kokubi', le mizabalazo ebanjwe izinhlangano, le mibutho eyakha ukuzethemba namandla esigaba sabasebenzi kanye nabalimi, ezokwazi ukuqhubekisela phambili uhlelo. Bakha umgwaqo ngokuhamba.
I-elite ayikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezijwayelekile ezidalwe inkinga evamile yonxiwankulu; ngokuqinisekile abakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingajwayelekile ezibangelwa ubhubhane. Kulapho umnyakazo ungena khona. Bahambisa i-ajenda phambili ukudala ingosi kulolu bhubhane, impela, kodwa - ngale kwalokho - ngaphandle kosizi lobunxiwankulu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela