U-GREG WILPERT: Inethiwekhi Yezindaba Zangempela, futhi ngingu-Greg Wilpert, oza kuwe ngivela e-Baltimore.
Isishayamthetho sase-Argentina sigunyaze isabelomali esinzima sonyaka wezimali ka-2019 ngoLwesine esizonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi ngamaphesenti angu-35 futhi kwenyuse izinkokhelo zesevisi yezikweletu ngamaphesenti angu-50. Isabelomali kulindeleke ukuthi sibangele ukuwohloka okwengeziwe komnotho wase-Argentina. Isabelomali sokuncisha imali sisetshenziswa ngokwezinga elikhulu. Ngokunxuswa yi-International Monetary Fund, i-IMF, enikeze i-Argentina kuphela ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-56, okungenye yezikweletu zayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke.
Khonamanjalo, umongameli oqokwe eMexico, u-Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador weqembu elingakwesokunxele elithi Morena, ubhekene nezakhe izinkinga ze-IMF. Ngesonto eledlule i-IMF ikhiphe umbiko wezwe okhethekile ngeMexico lapho yazisa khona uLopez Obrador ukuthi akumele azibandakanye kunoma yiziphi izinguquko zesakhiwo maqondana nomnotho waseMexico. I-Lopez Obrador, noma i-AMLO, njengoba aziwa njalo. Uzogcotshwa njengomongameli waseMexico emasontweni ambalwa, ngoDisemba 1.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, lapho umnotho wase-Argentina udlondlobala futhi i-Argentina ihluleka ukukhokhela ingxenye enkulu yesikweletu sakhe sangaphandle, futhi ohulumeni besikhungo bathatha izintambo kulo lonke elaseLatin America, kwakubukeka sengathi i-IMF ixoshiwe eLatin America. Manje kubukeka sengathi i-IMF isibuyile ngamandla amasha.
Ongijoyine ukuze sixoxe ngendima ekhulayo ye-IMF eLatin America uVijay Prashad. U-Vijay ungumqondisi we-Tricontinental Institute for Social Research, futhi ungumbhali noma umhleli wezincwadi ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ingumqulu ohleliwe othi Strongmen: Putin, Erdogan, Duterte, Trump, and Modi. Siyabonga ngokusijoyina namuhla, Vijay.
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Ubumnandi. Ngiyabonga.
U-GREG WILPERT: Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngeMexico. U-AMLO ungowokunxele wokuqala ukuqokwa njengomongameli waseMexico kakhulu kusukela kuNguquko yaseMexico yango-1910. Uthembise ukuqeda ubumpofu, ukunciphisa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukushintsha impi yezidakamizwa, nokulwa nenkohlakalo eMexico. Manje, esihlokweni sakamuva esishicilelwe ku-AlterNet ubeka iphuzu lokuthi i-AMLO inesikhala esincane kakhulu sokuphishekela izinqubomgomo zayo. Kungani kunjalo? Sinikeze ingxabano ngamafuphi.
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Uyazi, into ebaluleke kakhulu engicabanga ukuyinaka ukuthi ukuthinta okubili okuncane akwenzile mayelana nokuguqulwa kwenqubomgomo yaseMexico- eyokuqala ibikhansela isikhumulo sezindiza esisha ebiza kakhulu saseMexico City lapho kukhona khona, ngicabanga ukuthi. , abanye bahogela inkohlakalo esivumelwaneni esenziwe nomndeni kaCarlos Slim, usozigidi. Leyo yi-salvo yokuqala i-AMLO eyadubula yawela umnsalo. Owesibili bekuyiqembu lakhe esiShayamthetho- okungukuthi, uMorena- wazama ukuvimbela imali yasebhange. Futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho kwenziwa lezi zenzo- ziyizenzo ezinesizotha ngokwemibandela yezinkinga iMexico ebhekene nazo- isikhathi ngasinye lapho izama ukuhambisa i-ajenda yemakethe yamasheya, utshalomali oluqondile lwangaphandle lwaqala ukoma ngokushesha okukhulu- okungukuthi, niyazi. , izivumelwano bezivuselelwa- futhi i-ejensi yokulinganisa, ikakhulukazi i-Fitch, isuse isilinganiso sisuka e-Mexico saya ku-negative. I-IMF Article 4 Staff Statement eza ngemuva kokuvakasha kwe-IMF ukuyohlola umnotho waseMexico iphinde yaveza ukuthi abahlaziyi akumele benze noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokukhulisa ubukhosi bomnotho waseMexico ngaphezu kokugcina uwoyela wayo.
Lokhu kuyizinkomba zokuthi ngaphambi kokuthi athathe izintambo ngoDisemba 1- yi-IMF, amabhange, nabanye- ukuze anciphise isikhala senqubomgomo esitholakalayo ukuze ahambise uhlelo lwakhe lwezinguquko.
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Ungasho okunye mayelana nalokhu? Ngiqonde ukuthi, iMexico empeleni ayiyi ku-IMF ukuze ibolekwe imali noma yini, ngakho-ke ayinalo uhlobo lwemibandela yemalimboleko ye-neoliberal esiyaziyo, noma okungenani okwamanje. Kodwa nokho i-IMF ibukeka ineqhaza elibalulekile ngendlela yokuthi uhulumeni ubukeka eyilalela, noma uhulumeni ongase abe khona uyayilalela. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ngisho, lokhu kusebenza kanjani ngempela?
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Hhayi-ke, wudaba olulula, oluwukuthi amazwe afana neMexico, empeleni amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, axhumene nesistimu yamabhange elawulwa yi-US kanye neNtshonalanga yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Basebenzisa idola; Amaphesenti angama-80 emikhiqizo yaseMexico ethunyelwa ngaphandle iya e-United States. Ahlanganiswe ngokuyisisekelo kulolu hlelo lwezezimali, ohlelweni lokuhweba, lapho idola liyinkosi ngempela.
Ngakho-ke uma izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, uma amabhange, uma izinhlangano ezikala izilinganiso zifuna ukujezisa izwe ngokwephula isivumelwano se-neoliberal, kulula kakhulu ukuthi zenze kanjalo. Ngiqonde ukuthi, sikubonile lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu eVenezuela, lapho izikhungo ezikalayo, amabhange, i-International Monetary Fund, uma beqala ukuhogela futhi babanga umsindo bethi asikuthandi okwenzayo. ezezimali ziyoma. Bese kuba nzima ukusebenzisa idola ukuhweba. Futhi ungase ugijimele ohlelweni lwezijeziso, njalonjalo.
Lapha i-AMLO ibifuna, kalula nje, ukutshala imali ethile yaseMexico ukuze yakhe umthamo wokucwenga we-Pemex, okuyinkampani kawoyela yaseMexico. Futhi yilokhu i-IMF eyayithe ngeke kwenzeke. Bathe, ake sithuthukise ezezimali zePemex. Ngamanye amazwi, yehlisa uxhaso nokunye okunikezwa abantu ukuze bathole amandla. Okokuqala thuthukisa lokho, futhi mhlawumbe sizokuvumela ukuthi utshale imali ekucwengeni umthamo. Ngakho-ke kufanele siqonde ukuthi ama-ejensi ezizwe ngezizwe anciphisa kanjani isikhala. Bancisha ubukhosi bamazwe ngokwenqubomgomo yezomnotho.
U-GREG WILPERT: Ngakho ake siphendukele e-Argentina. Ngandlela thize kuyisibonelo esiphambene neMexico, ngoba i-Argentina ibuswa umongameli we-neoliberal, uMauricio Macri. Ubonakale ejabule kakhulu ngokuya kwi-IMF ayoboleka imali futhi asebenzise izincomo zabo zenqubomgomo. Manje kusobala ukuthi isibalo sabantu sibambene ngezihluthu mayelana nendlela uhulumeni ayithathayo, futhi cishe sekunemibhikisho eqhubekayo ephikisana noMacri kanye nezinqubomgomo zakhe zokuthi i-neoliberal austerity policy. Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi umongameli ohlukile- okungukuthi, umuntu ongakwesokunxele kakhulu- ubengenza izinto ngendlela ehlukile e-Argentina? Ngisho, yiziphi izingcindezi kuleli cala?
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Umbuzo omuhle kakhulu, Greg. Futhi okokuqala, ngingasho ukuthi uMacri wayemagange nge-IMF, kodwa futhi nokukhetha ngaphambi kweMacri, okubekwe phambi kweMacri, ngamabhange, izinhlangano zokulinganisa, i-IMF, iqembu elifanayo, ake sibabize ngalokho abayikho, ama-scoundrels ajikelezayo. kuhulumeni wase-Argentina, lezi zinhlangano ngokuyisisekelo zibeka indlela eqinile kuhulumeni. Futhi i-Argentina ibhekane nezinselelo ezinzima ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, hhayi okuncane kuzo okwakuyinhlekelele yezimali emhlabeni wonke, umthelela wayo emazweni afana neMexico ne-Argentina ungazange unciphe.
Uyazi, abakaze babe nalo, isibonelo, uhlobo lwebheyili yasebhange owayibona e-Europe nase-United States. Lawa mazwe asaqhubeka nokuhlushwa yizinkinga ezenzeke kula mazwe ngokwezimali ngemuva nje kwezinkinga zezimali. Ngakho kwakunezinkinga zangempela ezazihilelekile lapho. Kodwa la mazwe, ikakhulukazi i-Argentina, awakwazanga ukulawula imali yawo. Ngicabanga ukuthi yilapho udaba luthakasela khona kakhulu. Ukube i-Argentina ibibuswa uhulumeni wesokunxele, futhi uma, ngokwesibonelo, bekukhona uhlobo oluthile lwekhono lesifunda, ukube bekukhona uhlobo lobumbano lwezombangazwe lwaseBolivarian ezwenikazi, izwe elifana ne-Argentina belingakwazi ukwenza okuthile okufana nenhloko-dolobha. izilawuli, lapho uqala khona ukulawula ubuqotho bemali yakho; uvimbela imali eshisayo- okungukuthi, imali engenayo, ukutshala imali isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, nokuzikhipha. Ungalandela izinqubomgomo ezifana nokulawula imali ukuze uvikele ukuzimela komnotho wakho.
Uyazi, yilokhu kanye okwenziwa amazwe afana neShayina ukuvikela ubuqotho bomnotho wawo. Kodwa le nketho ayitholakali eNingizimu Melika njengamanje ngoba intando yezepolitiki ayikho. Lokhu kube yinkinga ngokuncipha kwamandla eBolivarian kanye nokukhuphuka kwelungelo; empeleni baye babukela phansi ubukhosi be-hemisphere.
U-GREG WILPERT: Ngicabanga ukuthi lelo yiphuzu elithakazelisa kakhulu olenzayo. Futhi empeleni, kube khona ukumbozwa okuncane kakhulu kweqiniso lokuthi i-UNASUR, iNyunyana Yezizwe ZaseNingizimu Melika, empeleni yakhelwe ukudala lolu hlobo lokuhlanganiswa kwesifunda, kanye nebhange laseNingizimu, futhi mhlawumbe nemali yesifunda yaseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa manje sekuyahlakazeka. Eqinisweni, amazwe manje- I-Colombia ne-Ecuador, isibonelo- ikhuluma ngokukhululekile ngokushiya i-UNASUR, okuzoba ngokuyisisekelo ukuwa nokubhujiswa kwe-UNASUR, eyaqala njengephrojekthi enjalo ethembisayo.
Kodwa ngifuna ukuphendukela kulo omunye umbuzo; okungukuthi, umbuzo obanzi osuvele uqalile ukuwuphendula, okungukuthi i-IMF empeleni yayingekho esithombeni esivela e-Latin America isikhathi eside lapho ohulumeni bamanxele bebusa kule minyaka eyishumi phakathi kokungaphezulu noma ngaphansi kuka-2002-2012. Kodwa konke lokhu sekushintshile manje, futhi i-IMF ibonakala isibuyile.
Manje, ushilo ukuthi ingxenye yesizathu ingase ibe ngenxa yoshintsho kohulumeni. Kodwa kwenzeka kanjani ngempela lokhu? Ngiqonde ukuthi, yini, kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi i-IMF manje isibuyile? Ingabe kungenxa nje yokuthi sekungene ohulumeni abaqinile? Noma yingoba i-IMF noma amanye amabutho amakhulu ezomnotho abakhiphe ezikhundleni? Okusho ukuthi, ohulumeni bangakwesokunxele babaxoshe ezikhundleni, futhi lokho kwenze i-IMF yakwazi ukubuya?
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Uyazi, ngemva nje kwenkinga yezimali ka-2006-2007, i-IMF yaqala ukukhuluma ngohlobo lohlaka lwenqubomgomo ye-2.0. Babengalusebenzisi kakhulu ulimi lokulungiswa kwesakhiwo. Babekhuluma kakhulu mayelana nemibuzo yokungalingani kwemali engenayo, nezindaba, izindaba zangempela, ezazisetafuleni, futhi mayelana nokwehla kwengqalasizinda yezempilo, nokunye.
Kodwa ngomqondo othile lokhu okubizwa nge-IMF 2.0 kwakuyinkohliso, ngoba ngesikhathi esifanayo iziphakamiso zenqubomgomo ye-macroeconomic zifana ncamashi. Uyazi, kufanele uqondise ukwehla kwamandla emali, baphakamisa, kunokuba ubhekane nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Bekubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isilinganiso esiphansi sesikweletu kuya ku-GDP, gcina ukushoda kwakho kuphansi. I-ajenda efanayo ye-macroeconomic yayibekwe etafuleni ngisho nangalesi sikhathi lapho basebenzisa ulimi, isibonelo, ukungalingani kweholo. Isizathu sokuba basebenzise ulimi lokungalingani kweholo kanye nezempilo, ngisho nemvelo kanye nale mibuzo, kwakungenxa yokuthi inhlangano yabantu yayibeke lokho etafuleni.
Ngisho ukuthi esinye isizathu esenza kwasala amandla ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekona nje ukuthi inxele lalinothando lwabantu futhi laliphethe, kodwa futhi lawa mazwe ayephakathi kokuthuthuka kwempahla, ngakho-ke awazange aphumelele. uhlushwa uhlobo lwebhalansi yenkinga yokukhokha eseyifikile futhi yaqeda la mazwe. Ngenxa yokuthi babethengisa- kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-soy, noma amafutha, noma noma yini ababethengisa- ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu, bakwazi ukumboza isimo sabo sezimali ngokucacile kakhulu kunalokho abayikho manje. Ngakho babengenamandla kangako ngokwezimali. Isimo somnotho besingesibi kangako kula mazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, babenamandla kwezombangazwe ngoba babenohlelo oluthile, njengoba ubona eNingizimu Melika. Iphrojekthi yaseBolivarian iphushele i-UNASUR; [okungezwakali], usebe lwaseNingizimu, njalonjalo. Babenohlobo oluthile lwamandla ezombusazwe.
Inhlanganisela yalezi zinto ezimbili- okungukuthi, ukwehla kwentengo yempahla, ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa umnotho; futhi, ibhalansi yenkinga yokukhokha- exhunywe ebuthakathakeni bezombangazwe, ilungelo libuyile, linikeze i-IMF ngokuyisisekelo ithuba elisha lokubuya neresiphi efanayo ye-macroeconomic, ukuhlasela ukwehla kwamandla emali esikhundleni sokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kanye nendlala. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi sizokubona kahle lokhu, Greg, sinohulumeni omusha eBrazil, lapho ungqongqoshe wezeziMali noma ungqongqoshe wezomnotho ezophusha inqubomgomo engenasihawu yokwehla kwamandla emali futhi angabi nandaba nemibuzo yendlala nendlala. ubumpofu.
U-GREG WILPERT: Empeleni, okushoyo kuphinde kungikhumbuze isihloko sencwadi engisanda kuyifunda, okwakuthi The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism, ka-Colin Crouch, ekhomba ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi i-neoliberalism kufanele ngabe yafa kanjani ngenhlekelele enkulu yezimali ka-2007-2008. , kodwa empeleni manje isibuya nempindiselo ngokuqondile ngoba izikhungo zezomnotho ezazakhiwe i-neoliberalism empeleni sezinamandla manje kunangaphambili.
Lokho kungikhumbuza elinye iphuzu, elokuthi iBhange Lomhlaba kanye ne-IMF kubukeka bengagcizeleli ezinhlelweni zokulungiswa kwesakhiwo, njengoba usho, kodwa othile, omunye uchwepheshe wezomnotho engixoxisane naye emasontweni ambalwa edlule, waveza isizathu. ngoba lokho kungenxa yokuthi sebezuze konke abebevele befuna ukukuzuza nge-neoliberalism, ngakho-ke manje abadingi ukutshala imali engaka ekulungisweni kwesakhiwo. Ucabangani ngalokho?
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Ngisho, ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kulungile. Ikakhulukazi leli phuzu lokugcina, lokuthi i-ajenda yokulungiswa kwesakhiwo ayibalulekile kangako kubo. Ngicabanga ukuthi abakade bephushela khona manje ngezinto ezifana nokuhlinzekwa okuhlosiwe kwezinguquko zezenhlalakahle nokunye, ukuphusha uhlobo oluthile lokushintsha kwesiko. Futhi ngifuna ukwenza leli phuzu ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uyabona, inkinga ngenhlalakahle yomphakathi ehlosiwe ukuthi uhlinzeka ngezenhlalakahle kubantu ngabanye nasemindenini, hhayi emiphakathini. Uyazi, umehluko phakathi, ake sithi, imodeli yaseVenezuela, imodeli yokuba nalezi mishini, noma imodeli yaseCuba, ukuthi uhlinzeka ngenhlalakahle yomphakathi emphakathini ukuze udale umuzwa womphakathi, ukwakha amandla omphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwezenhlalakahle oluqondene nomuntu ngamunye lukhiqiza ukwazi komuntu ngamunye, okuyilokho kanye i-neoliberalism efuna ukuyiveza. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi manje sesingenile, esikhundleni sokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezikhungo zombuso, singene esigabeni lapho laba badlali bezikhungo bezama ukuthonya isiko isikhathi eside; ngamanye amazwi, cekela phansi amandla omphakathi futhi wakhe umuzwa wobuntu emphakathini.
Umqondo wobuntu ushiya abantu besengozini yezinkampani zonxiwankulu ezizimele, ngokwesibonelo, ezingenabo ubungozi bokwenziwa i-atomized. Banamandla kakhulu futhi babumbene kakhulu. Nakuba abantu ekupheleni kwale nqubo yamasiko bazobe begcwele athomu kakhulu kunalokho abayikho manje.
U-GREG WILPERT: KULUNGILE. Hhayi-ke, le ngxoxo ejabulisa kakhulu. Ngethemba ukuthi sisazoqhubeka futhi, kodwa kufanele sikushiye lapho okwamanje. Bengikhuluma noVijay Prashad, umqondisi omkhulu we-Tricontinental Institute for Social Research. Siyabonga futhi, Vijay, ngokusijoyina namuhla.
U-VIJAY PRASHAD: Ngibonga kakhulu.
U-GREG WILPERT: Futhi siyabonga ngokujoyina Inethiwekhi Yezindaba Zangempela.
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