U-Lupe Gonzalo usebenza emasimini otamatisi e-Immokalee, Fla., Emhlabeni ngaphandle kosaziwayo baseHollywood #Nami futhi ubufakazi buveza udlame locansi olusabalele futhi luwisa amadoda anamandla. Nokho, uGonzalo uthi ngabesifazane abafana naye, “abangenayo inkundla nazwi, abangabonakali nabasengozini,” abathwala kanzima ngokunukubezwa ngokobulili emsebenzini—futhi abanikeza izifundo zokuthi bangahlangana kanjani ukuze bakunqobe.
"Yebo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukuhlupheka kwabo bonke abesifazane, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abasebenza ezimbonini futhi abahlala emphakathini ongenazo izivikelo, amalungelo ayisisekelo, lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kugcwele kakhulu," kusho uGonzalo, ebhekise. kwe #Nami futhi ukunyakaza, okwaqala ngo-2007 ngu I-Tarana Burke. "Uma sibheka ubukhulu bodlame lapha, abasebenzi basemapulazini baqala ukwakha isixazululo futhi bakha uhlelo lokuqinisekisa amalungelo ethu."
I-Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW) ijwayelene nodlame olumangalisayo lwasemsebenzini. Iqembu elinamalungu acishe abe ngu-5,000, elakhiwe ikakhulukazi iMexico, iGuatemala, neHaiti abazalelwa kwamanye amazwe abangabasebenzi basemapulazini, selichithe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-20 lihlela ukulwa nalo. ubugqila banamuhla emasimini katamatisi eFlorida. Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, lezi zisebenzi—ezinye zezisebenzi ezixhashazwa kakhulu e-United States—zathatha umdondoshiya wokudla okusheshayo i-Taco Bell kanye nomzali wayo webhizinisi u-Yum Brands. Ngemva kokuduba iminyaka emine ye-Taco Bell, i-CIW yazuza ngempumelelo amaholo athuthukisiwe nezimo zokusebenza.
Ngalo Uhlelo Lokudla Olulungile eyasungulwa ngo-2011, i-CIW manje iphoqa izidlakela zokudla eziyi-14—okuhlanganisa neMcDonald’s kanye neTrader Joes—ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzi basemapulazini ezindaweni zokusebenza ezingenabo udlame, ukucindezelwa, ubugqila kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Lesi sivumelwano sabasebenzi sihlanganisa inombolo yocingo yezikhalazo zabasebenzi yamahora angama-24 ihlolwe ngomkhandlu ozimele, kanye nemfundo yepolitiki yomsebenzi nomsebenzi nokuhlela izinhlelo. Ngokusho kukaGonzalo, imodeli isekelwe esimisweni sokuthi "abasebenzi ngokwabo baqapha amalungelo abo" - ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nokunye ukuhlukumeza emsebenzini.
Udlame locansi “emasimini angawodwa nasezindlini zokupakisha”
Ezimpambanweni zemithetho eqinile yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe kanye nezimboni ezixhaphazayo, abasebenzi basemapulazini basengozini enkulu yodlame locansi, kuchaza uGonzalo, ohlela ne-CIW. “Abaningi bavela kwamanye amazwe amaningi futhi bangowokufika, ngokuvamile bevela ezindaweni zabomdabu, futhi bakhuluma izilimi zomdabu, okwenza kube nemigoqo yolimi,” usho kanje. “Abanye abanawo amaphepha. Kunemithetho ezincwadini ezivikela abasebenzi, kodwa empeleni ayisebenzi.”
Lokhu kubonwa kwesekelwa ucwaningo. Ngo-2012, i-Human Rights Watch yakhipha i-a umbiko eyathola ukuthi abesifazane namantombazane asebenza emapulazini abokufika abazinze e-United States babhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokudlwengulwa, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nobudlova ezindaweni zabo zokusebenza. Embonini lapho kuya ku Amaphesenti angama-70 abasebenzi abanawo amaphepha asemthethweni, abaningi besaba ukujeziswa kanzima nokuxoshwa ngenxa yokukhuluma. Abaqashi banamandla phezu kwalaba basebenzi abasengozini—futhi basebenzisa amandla abo ukuze baqhubekisele phambili udlame locansi ngaphandle kokujeziswa.
An isifundo sezemfundo eyanyatheliswa ngo-2010 yanquma ukuthi, kwabesifazane abayizifiki baseMexico abangu-150 abasebenza emapulazini eCalifornia, abangamaphesenti angu-80 bathi bake bahlukunyezwa ngokobulili.
NgoNovemba, inhlangano kazwelonke yabesifazane abasebenza emapulazini i-Alianza Nacional de Campesinas yabhala incwadi ethi incwadi evulekile kwabasinde ekuhlukunyezweni ngokobulili eHollywood “egameni labesifazane abangaba ngu-700,000 XNUMX abasebenza emasimini ezolimo namashede okupakisha kulo lonke elase-United States.”
“Asisebenzi ngaphansi kwezibani ezikhanyayo zasesiteji noma esikrinini esikhulu,” kusho le ncwadi. “Sisebenza ngaphansi kwethunzi lomphakathi amasimu angawodwa kanye nezindawo zokupakisha ezingasabonakali futhi azinangqondo kubantu abaningi kuleli zwe.”
Le ncwadi iyaqhubeka: “Nakuba sisebenza ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu, sihlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo kokuba izisulu zabantu abanamandla okubulala. ukuqasha, umlilo, uhlu oluvinjelwe futhi ngenye indlela isongela ukulondeka kwethu kwezomnotho, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.”
“Ukunyakaza, hhayi umzuzwana”
U-Nely Rodriguez, isisebenzi sasepulazini esazalelwa e-Mexico osehlale e-Immokalee iminyaka eyi-12, uhlela ne-CIW. Uyalandisa Kulezi zikhathi ukuthi imfundo yesisebenzi isinikeza umsipha wokuhlela ngemuva kwe-Fair Food Programme. “Sinezikhathi zokufunda ukuchaza ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kunjani,” usho kanje. “Ubasi ucela ukwenzelwa ucansi ukuze athole umsebenzi. Amahlaya namazwana anenhlamba. Sikhuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi bakhulume futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amalungelo abo avikelekile emsebenzini.”
NgokukaRodriguez, le mfundo nokufinyelela kwabantu ngokwayo kukhuthaze ukushintsha kwamasiko. “Siyabona ukuthi abesilisa abangabasebenzi basemapulazini bavuleleke kakhudlwana ekwenzeni uguquko lwamasiko embonini nangaphakathi kubo ngokusiza ekuqedeni ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi emsebenzini,” kuchaza yena.
I-CIW ingena ku-2018 ibheke ku-Wendy's, osenqabe kuze kube manje ukujoyina i-Fair Food Programme naphezu kokuhlela amadrayivu, amamashi kanye ukuduba kuzwelonke. Isimo sikaWendy sokungabambeki sikhathaza kakhulu uRodriguez ngoba inkampani isebenza eMexico, lapho izisebenzi ezisemapulazini amakhulu zibhekene khona. ukuhlukunyezwa okugcwele nezimo ezifana nezigqila. NgoSepthemba, i-CIW yethula “Ukuvuna Ngaphandle Kobudlova” imnyuziyamu ephathwayo ukugqamisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kuwo wonke amaketanga ezolimo ezimbonini ezinkulu—kuhlanganise no-Wendy.
NgoMashi 11 kuya ku-15, abasebenzi basemapulazini nabalingani babo izoqala ukuzila ukudla ngaphandle kwehhovisi laseManhattan lika-Nelson Peltz, usihlalo webhodi le-Wendy's. “Izinkampani ezinjengoWendy azinandaba nokuthi abasebenzi kufanele bathule,” kusho uRodriguez. "Bazuza kulokhu kuhlukumeza."
Njengoba i-CIW iqhubeka nale mpi, u-Gonzalo uthemba ukuthi imodeli yenhlangano "yesibopho somphakathi esiqhutshwa ngabasebenzi" iwusizo kubasebenzi kwezinye izimboni. Indlela ye-CIW isivele ikhuthaze abasebenzi basemapulazini baseVermont Ubisi Ngesithunzi umkhankaso, owethulwe ekwindla ka-2014 ukuze ubambe izinkampani ezibhekene nokuhlukunyezwa okwenziwe kulo lonke uchungechunge lokudla.
Khonamanjalo, abasebenzi abahola kancane ezimbonini eziningi bakhuluma ngodlame locansi abaphoqeleka ukuthi balubekezelele. “Abaningi bethu babhekana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili emsebenzini, futhi abazi ukuthi bazoshonaphi noma besaba ukuphindiselwa ngenxa yesimo sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe,” kusho uDaniela Contreras, umhleli weNew York City neNational Domestic Workers Alliance. Kulezi zikhathi. “Ngokuxoxa indaba yami ngalo mzuzu, ngivula isikhala sokuthi abanye abasebenzi basezindlini baphumele obala, baguqule indlela abahlonishwa ngayo abasebenzi abahola kancane, abokufika kanye nabesifazane abangamakhaladi emphakathini wethu.”
U-Ana Orozco, umgqugquzeli kazwelonke wezobulungiswa kwabesifazane nobulili ku-Grassroots Global Justice Alliance, uyatshela Kulezi zikhathi, “Ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile lokho #Nami futhi kuholela ekunyakazeni, hhayi umzuzwana nje. Lokhu kusho ukuzwa ngokuqondile eqenjini elifana nabasebenzi bakwa-Immokalee, abesifazane abangabasebenzi bokufika, abantu besigaba sabasebenzi ababhekana nezingqinamba ezihlukahlukene nsuku zonke.”
E-Immokalee, u-Rodriguez uthi amalungu e-CIW azoqhubeka nokuhlela isisebenzi nesisebenzi asebeneminyaka bekwenza. “Esizama ukukwenza ngeFair Food Programme ukwephula isiko lokuthula nokwesaba futhi sixhumane nabasebenzi ukuthi asisekho esikhathini esedlule,” uyagcizelela. “Sinamandla okukhuluma siqede ukuthula. Asifuni ukuthi ukwesaba nokuthula kuqhubeke.”
Sarah Lazaro ungumhleli wewebhu ku Kulezi zikhathi. Uphuma emkhakheni wobuntatheli obuzimele ukuze ashicilelwe okuhlanganisa iThe Nation, Tom Dispatch, YES! Umagazini, kanye ne-Al Jazeera America. I-athikili yakhe emayelana nokuxhashazwa kwezinkampani ngenkinga yababaleki yahlonishwa njengendaba ehloliwe yango-2016 yiProject Censored. Owake waba ngumbhali wezisebenzi ze-AlterNet and Common Dreams, uSarah uhlele ngokuhlanganyela incwadi ethi Mayelana Nobuso: I-Military Resisters Turn Against War.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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