E-New York, eNew York: Imithombo yezindaba yaseNingizimu Afrika, ngokungangabazeki ilangazelela ukuba ngowokuqala, yasakaza umbukiso kamabonakude kaNelson Mandela. Kwakukuhle kakhulu futhi kunenhlonipho, ngaphandle kokuthi wayengakafi.
Kwabuyisa izinkumbulo zokubonwa komlobi uMark Twain odumile lapho kwenzeka okufanayo kuye. Ukuphawula kwakhe: “Umbiko wokufa kwami wawuyihaba."
Uma umuntu ehlanganisa iminyaka engu-94, ubungozi bezempilo akulona neze ihaba, futhi kuhle ukwazi ukuthi uMandela usanda kuphuma esibhedlela futhi. Ngatshelwa ukuthi utshele amalungu omndeni ukuthi uhlose ukuphila kuze kufike ku-l00.
Iqiniso elibuhlungu wukuthi kunabathile eNingizimu Afrika abacindezelekile ngokuthi impilo yakhe ibukeka kuwukuphela kwezindaba ezivela eNingizimu Afrika ezivame ukudonsa amehlo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokukhathazeka komphakathi. Mhlawumbe lokho kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izindaba eziningi bezibuhlungu—isikhathi esiningi ngenkohlakalo yezikhulu zikahulumeni noma icala lomgijimi okhubazekile odumile okuthiwa ubulale intombi yakhe.
Abanye bayalunywa ngisho ukuthi isikhathi sikaMandela sifiphele emlandweni.
Okokuqala, kukhona umona: uyala ukutuswa nokwethembeka emashumini ezigidi okungekho omunye umholi oye wakwazi ukuheha.
Okwesibili, lapho abantu becabanga ngaye, bacabanga ngawo wonke amathemba angemva kobandlululo ayewafanekisela. Uyisithonjana umzabalazo, ukuhlupheka kanye nokuzidela kwachaza futhi kwahola impi ende yenkululeko.
Lokho kungase kungabi inkumbulo abathengisi bamasondo bezombangazwe noma ibhizinisi namuhla abafuna ukuyigcina.
Ekugcineni, ufanekisela umzuzu wokunqoba kwesifunda namuhla esigajwe intukuthelo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwaso ukufeza isibopho sakhe “sokuphila okungcono kwabo bonke.”
Ubumpofu kuthiwa bubi kakhulu namuhla lapho indoda eyaziwa kakhulu ngesibongo sayo, uMadiba, noma nje “Tata” (ubaba) iphuma ejele.
Kwabaningi abaphethe, usevele wafa njengenkathi ayeyingxenye yayo. Angase akhunjulwe ngemali yesizwe, kuyilapho izinhlamvu zemali zegolide ezinegama lakhe zithathe indawo ye-Kruggerands yesikhathi esimnyama, kodwa ukwamukela kwakhe ubumbano nokungacwasi ngokwebala kubonakala kwabaningi imizwa eyayigxilile esikhathini esidlule.
Izikhumbuzo zikaMandela zisezindaweni zezitolo nasezindaweni zomphakathi, kodwa usesho kaningi, akuyona into ayifunayo leyo.
Akazange azakhele isigcinamagugu kodwa iCentre of Memory, inqolobane yengcebo yolwazi nezinto zobuciko ngomzabalazo ayeyingxenye yawo.
Ezinye izinkumbulo ziyaphela. Ngithe uma ngibuza intokazi ukuthi iyazi yini ngozakwabo wezomthetho nowayesondelene naye kakhulu, u-Oliver Tambo, owayehola i-ANC ekudingisweni, yangiphendula yabuza ukuthi ngabe ngiqonde “umfana wasesikhumulweni sezindiza” ngoba isikhumulo sezindiza saseGoli sesiqanjwe ngaye.
Izilokotho “ezisemthethweni” kanye nezilokotho ezinhle kuMandela seziphenduke umfudlana onamandla, kaningi zivela kosopolitiki abangenaso isibindi sakhe futhi ababengasoze bayilwela inkululeko ngendlela enza ngayo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho neqhaza likaMandela lingase libe lincane ngendlela efanayo naleyo yonke igalelo likaMartin Luther King emzabalazweni wamalungelo abantu libukeka manje lifinyezwa ngamagama amane kuphela, “nginephupho,” nokuphikisana kwakhe neqembu. Impi eVietnam futhi ilwe nobumpofu, ihlanzwe, uma ingangcwatshwa.
Abantu benza umlando, kodwa hhayi njalo ngendlela ababefuna ngayo. Lapho ephuma ejele, inselelo enkulu yezwe lakhe kwakuwukugwema impi yobuhlanga, nokukhuthaza ukubuyisana. Umgomo bekuwukuzuza intando yeningi yezinhlanga ezehlukene esekelwe kumvumelwano yomhlaba wonke enamalungelo aqinisekisiwe awo wonke umuntu.
Ngaleyo minyaka, kwakungacaci nakancane ukuthi ilungelo elikude lalingaba khona, futhi ukubusa kwabaningi kwakuqinisekisiwe.
Lokho kwakuyinto eza kuqala kuye, futhi wayithola ngobuntu bakhe nezinqubomgomo zakhe.
Akukacaci, ngisho nanamuhla, ukuthi ubani omunye owayenesimilo sokuhamba phakathi kwezidingo zabamnyama nokwesaba abamhlophe, ukuhola njengesibonelo, nokuncenga, ngisho ne-cajole, abagxeki kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kuhlanganise nalabo ababenomuzwa wokuthi akanyakazi ngokwanele futhi abanye ababekhathazeke ngokuthi wayehamba ngesivinini esikhulu.
Wakukhipha lokho, kodwa akayedwa. Wayehlale engumuntu wenhlangano futhi wayesekelwa inhlangano ayeyisiza ukuba iqhubeke iphila phakathi nayo yonke iminyaka emide yokuboshwa. “The Struggle Is My Life,” wake washo kodwa lowo mshikashika waphathwa ngokuhlanganyela, awuzange ube wuhlelo lomuntu oyedwa.
I-African National Congress abeyihola isebenze ngokubambisana namaqembu omphakathi ayingxenye yawo. Izinyunyana zabasebenzi ezibanga i-ANC kanye nazo zodwa, kanye neQembu lamaKhomanisi elidlulele kwesokudla futhi elingenayo i-ajenda yangakwesokunxele. I-Movement eyahola imibhikisho amashumi eminyaka manje yiwona okuhloswe ngawo.
Ubandlululo lwezinhlanga seluvule ithuba kubandlululo lwezomnotho oluqhubeka nemihosha emikhulu yokungalingani.
Emqondweni wakhe, uNelson Mandela wayengusopolitiki futhi njengosopolitiki abaningi ababengagxili kwezomnotho, nakuba ubumpofu obukhulu besakhiwo baseNingizimu Afrika babubhebhezelwa ubandlululo.
Izwe - futhi namanje lisaphethwe - iMineral Energy Complex enkulu eyengamele amabhizinisi amaningi abuswa abamhlophe. Nakuba idlanzana losomabhizinisi abansundu seliyingxenye yalabo ababekade bengabamhlophe kwezomnotho, manje selibuswa amabhizinisi ahweba ngamazwe ngamazwe, njengoba iNingizimu Afrika ingaphansi komnotho wezimakethe zomhlaba.
Emuva ngawo-1990 “entwasahlobo” yaseNingizimu Afrika, izingxoxo zokuxazulula izinkinga zezombangazwe zaziqhutshwa obala nakumabonakude. Isizwe sabukela njengoba amaqembu ezombusazwe elungisa ukungezwani kwawo futhi ebhekana nezindaba eziqhumayo.
Khona manjalo, okungaziwa kuze kube muva nje, bekunezingxoxo zezomnotho ebeziqhubeka ebusuku kakhulu futhi ngasese nabashisekeli bosomabhizinisi abakhulu, i-IMF, iWorld Bank kanye nabamele iMelika neBrithani beqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kube nokugunyazwa kwezwe, nakuba amaBhunu. Uhulumeni wayesefake izimboni eziningi ngaphansi kukahulumeni futhi wasungula amabhizinisi “azimele” ukuze alawule injini yomnotho.
UMandela, kanye nabaholi abaningi be-ANC, ababenelukuluku lokuguqukela ngokushesha ekubuseni kweningi, kubukeka sengathi, bakhohliswa izithakazelo zezinkampani futhi ngokuzithandela, noma cha, benza ukuvumelana okubalulekile okwaqinisekisa ukuthi izithakazelo ezizimele zisazobusa kwezomnotho.
Wanxenxwa futhi wahlakulelwa abaholi bamabhizinisi ababemqinisekisa ngokuthi kuphela “uMnotho Oxubile”—ngokwemibandela yabo, owawuyoletha imisebenzi nokutshalwa kwezimali. Inqubo yayicashile: bekuwukuthengisa njengoba nje kuthengisiwe, kodwa umthelela wawufana.
Maye, lapho iNtshonalanga ithola lokho eyayikufuna, yaqhubekela phambili futhi ubumpofu bakhula.
Akumangalisi ukuthi inkohlakalo yalandela njengoba isivumelwano esikhohlisayo sokwenza isiko sixoshe imibono eqinile yenguquko kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kwezinsiza.
Ukukhetha ngokubambisana kwaba yisimiso sosuku - idlanzana elincane lathola imivuzo kuyilapho iningi laphushelwa eceleni.
Ngokushesha, uhulumeni ophansi phezulu obuswa iqembu elincane elizithengisayo wasusa inhlangano yentando yeningi eyayihlale igcwele abantu futhi ibheka phansi phezulu. Imizamo yokusabalalisa kabusha yaqedwa ukuze ivune umnotho owehla kancane. Lokho konakalise izimiso zenhlangano ezingeni lezombusazwe kanye nabanye bababambeli bayo ababalulekile ngokomuntu siqu.
Umphumela ukhona ukuze wonke umuntu awubone.
Ngesikhathi sempi enzima yokulwa nobandlululo, abantu abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika babefuna ukuhlala “ezweni elivamile.” Manje sekumele babhekane naso sonke isigaba sabo “esijwayelekile” nokwehlukana kwezinhlanga ngephesenti elilodwa manje elithokozela i-ANC osekuthi, emehlweni kwabaningi, isibe ngumqaphi wesimo samanje.
UNelson Mandela useyiqhawe lomhlaba wonke kubo bonke, ngalokho akwenza kanye nendlela akwenza ngayo, kodwa ukunyakaza kwakhe kubonakala kuyancipha kancane kancane nsuku zonke. Ingabe lokho kwakungenakugwenywa? Kwazi bani? Umholi owaziwayo weNguquko YaseShayina wake wabuzwa ukuthi wayecabangani ngeNguquko YaseFrance. Impendulo yakhe: "Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ungasho."
Umdidiyeli wezindaba uDanny Schechter uthembisene umshado neNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Wakhiqiza uchungechunge lwe-South Africa Now kusukela ngo-l988 kuya ku-1991 futhi waqondisa amafilimu ayisithupha kanye namayelana noNelson Mandela. Amazwana ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela