U-Edward Snowden ungumphephisi ofunwa kakhulu futhi ohlonishwa kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Njengoba edingiselwe eMoscow okwamanje, ugcina iwashi lakhe libekwe ngesikhathi saseMelika, ukuze axhumane kangcono nezwe lakubo kanye nokuhlelwa kwalo kwezokuphepha.
Akukaze nanini kube khona umuntu ocashile abonakale kangaka, kube sengathi usebenzisa esakhe isiteshi semithombo yezindaba ukuze akhiphe izindaba ezintsha eziyimfihlo ezicwiliswe ngozungu, bese efaka izintatheli axoxa nazo, kwesinye isikhathi amahora, kwesinye isikhathi izinsuku. .
Ngaphezu kwezintatheli azilimile njengoGlenn Greenwald kanye noLaura Poitras abaphethe ibhande lokudlulisa ulwazi olumbiwe endaweni yakhe egcina umlando ebonakala ingapheli, kukhona u-Barton Gellman, umphenyi wezokuphepha kazwelonke omangalisayo weWashington Post, amanye ama-journos aphezulu abonakala ezama ukuya. nangendawo yakhe entsha yokuhlala enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.
โขUBrian Williams we-NBC wenze "ukuthola" kwakhe okukhulu njengoba izingxoxo zaziwa emhlabeni wezindaba zenethiwekhi ye-TV. Lokho cishe kwamtholela izethameli zakhe ezinkulu njengoba eveze ukuthi ubengaphezu kwe-Crypto geek ekhohlakele, kodwa eyinhloli eqeqeshwe ngokugcwele.
โขFuthi-ke, u-Alan Russbridger, umhleli we-Guardian, iphephandaba elaphula indaba e-Hong Kong ngenxa ka-Glenn Greenwald, ekugcineni watholana naye ubuso nobuso kanye nomhleli wakhe wesikhathi eside, u-Ewen MacAaskill. Bendawonye baqhube ingxoxo eqinile eyakhiqiza ukusabalala okuhle okugcwele ngevidiyo neseshini yezithombe. Bachithe amahora bendawonye no-Snowden, bephonsa "amabhomu" amasha ambalwa futhi banikeza imininingwane emisha emnandi mayelana nokuthi ubhekana kanjani nokuba seRussia. Impendulo: ngokusobala kuhle kakhulu.
โขAkufanele siphelelwe yisikhathi, umagazini i-WIRED, ushicilelo olugxile ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe, wathumela u-James Bamford owayebhale izincwadi zophenyo zakuqala mayelana ne-National Security Agency eMoscow ukuze ayombona.
U-Bamford wayengumakadebona onolwazi kakhulu lwe-journo yenkatho, futhi u-Snowden wanikela izinsuku zokumamukela yena neqembu lakhe lezithombe nevidiyo. Kumelwe ukuthi ubesevele engu-WIRED aficionado, futhi wajabulela ukuthola indaba esembozweni ephelele enesithombe sakhe egone ifulegi laseMelika.
Lokho kumelwe ukuba kwabacasula abangane bakhe bakudala be-NSA ngenxa ye-chutzpah yokuvezwa kwakhe njengomfana othanda izwe lapho bembona njengembuka noma okubi nakakhulu.
U-Snowden waziwa ngokuba namahlaya, ezibiza ngokuthi โThe Big Hoohaโ ku-inthanethi, futhi ehlala nentombi eyaziwa ngokudansa kanye nezithombe ozishuthe zona egqoke izingubo zakhe zangaphansi. Ubeyiciko naye osemoyeni kaCindy Lauper efuna ukuzijabulisa. Ngakho-ke, u-Snowden ukuma ngefulege bekungelona iqiniso. Kuvele kumenze โapholeโ kubalandeli bakhe.
U-Snowden uphinde wagiya ingqungquthela ngesathelayithi noma ngokusakazwa ku-inthanethi ngokuvela ezingqungqutheleni ezinkulu njenge-TED nezinye ukuze amukele imiklomelo yenkululeko yokukhuluma.
Lezi zehlakalo azigcinanga nje ngokunikeza izinkulungwane zabasekeli ithuba lokumbona nokumuzwa, kodwa ziphinde zagunyaza isithombe sakhe njengeqhawe elimelene nobunhloli kanye nemfihlo kanye nenkululeko ngenkathi uhulumeni elokhu eputshuza iziphakamiso ayedlulele ngakolunye uhlangothi, Uyaphika ukuthi usebenza nabo. noma iyiphi inhlangano yezobunhloli yangaphandle, futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi yakwenza lokho.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu uyamhlonipha ngesibindi sakhe nokwenza izimfihlo zokugada obala. Imibuzo mayelana nepolitiki namasu akhe manje iyaphakanyiswa ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yenkululeko yedijithali.
Okokuqala, u-Snowden akakaze enze imfihlo yokuthambekela kwakhe kwenkululeko, njengoba avela nama-radicals afana nesishoshovu esimelene nempi/umloli uDaniel Ellsberg. Ngambona bukhoma ngevidiyo eNgqungqutheleni ye-Hackers on Planet Earth Conference (HOPE) eNew York ehhotela lapho emashumini eminyaka ngaphambili, uFrank Olson, isisulu sokuhlolwa kwe-CIA LSD waphonseka efasiteleni washona.
Njengomdidiyeli wenethiwekhi, ngingasho ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ukuthi usebezinhle kangakanani ekusebenziseni izinkundla zezindaba ngisho noma eqale wathi uzokushiya kwabanye. Enkathini ye-TV eqhutshwa osaziwayo, akakwazanga ukuhlala engaziwa isikhathi eside. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa i-medium kahle ngezimpendulo ezihamba kancane nezinenhloso. Ukuba kwakhe ngocingo akulimazi.
U-Snowden no-Ellsberg babenobudlelwane obuseduze, futhi emhlabeni wonke, kwabonakala sengathi wayeshicilele futhi manje wayephikisana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US futhi esekela izinguquko ezinkulu zikahulumeni.
Kodwa-ke, lapho exoxwa nguJames Bamford, wathi ukholo lwakhe lubeka kwezobuchwepheshe, hhayi iWashington.
โSinezindlela futhi sinobuchwepheshe bokuqeda ukubhekwa kwabantu abaningi ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isenzo somthetho, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinguquko zenqubomgomoโฆ Ngokuthatha ngokuyisisekelo izinguquko ezifana nokwenza ukubethela kube indinganiso yendawo yonkeโlapho konke ukuxhumana kubhalwe ngokuzenzakalelayoโsingaqeda ukugadwa kwabantu abaningi. hhayi e-United States kuphela kodwa emhlabeni wonke.โ
Abagxeki abagadayo abafana noWilliam Blunden bathola ukulandisa kwakhe โkwenziwe lula kakhulu futhi kuyingozi,โ wengeza ngokuthi, โUma u-Snowden esengumuntu wenkululeko angafuna ukubukela phansi indima kahulumeni; ukuhlasela izinhlaka ezenza inqubomgomo ngaphandle kokubhekana nezindlela zokuguqula.
Ebhala ku-Counterpunch, wengeza, โUkufuna isiphephelo ekubetheleni okuqinile kuwukubalekela ukuphikwa. Ukuqinisa ezokuphepha kanye nokuvikela inkululeko yethu kuzodinga umphakathi ukuthi uhlanganise futhi ukhiphe umfutho wezepolitiki ukuze uthathe i-Deep State. "
Abanye abathanda u-Snowden bangabaza isu lakhe lokusabalalisa amadokhumenti ezitolo zezindaba ezikhethiwe. Ekuqaleni, kwaba nje Guardian, nge Glenn Greenwald, bese The Intercept uxhaso Pierre Olmidiyar. Kamuva, uBart Gellman weWashington Post's Washington Post udalule ukuthi naye unengobo yomlando.
Ngemva kokubhekana nohulumeni waseBrithani owaphihliza ama-hard disk athile ekhompyutha, kwavezwa ukuthi i-Guardian yafaka idatha yayo ye-Snowden ne-New York Times ukuze igcinwe. Ngakho-ke kube nokusabalala okuthile, kodwa ngaphansi kokulawula okuqinile uma kuncintisana ukulawulwa kwemidiya.
Ebhala ku-Berliner Gazette, u-Krystian Woznick uthi โVula Amafayela e-Snowden!โ ebuza: โKungani kungazange kube nezinkumbi zokubhikisha? Kungani kungekho siphithiphithi esikhulu?โ
โUmbono wami: Intshisekelo yomphakathi ayikapheli. Lokhu kuhlobene futhi neqiniso lokuthi ukufinyelela emibhalweni ye-NSA-Sango kuhlala kuvaliwe. Material, ukuthi eyodwa ihlukile
isakhamuzi esinesibindi sihlanganiswe ndawonye โesibeka impilo yaso engcupheniโ (uConstanze Kurz) ngoba sikubheka njengokuthakasela umphakathi โ lokhu okuqukethwe akusekho emphakathini manje. Sekwenziwe
Ayifinyeleleki futhi, ayinakho ukulawula umphakathi. Lokhu kuvimbela amandla entando yeningi okudalulwa kwe-Snowden.
Amaphesenti amancane kakhulu alawo mafayela enziwe atholakala emphakathini kuze kube manje. Umbuthano omncane wabantu uyanquma ngalokho, ukwazi ukufinyelela, ukufunda, ukuhlaziya, ukuhumusha nokushicilela amafayela we-Snowden. Labo abayingxenye yeqembu elincane labantu bavame ukuphikisa, ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene nezizathu zokuphepha. Ngalo mqondo umuntu angasho ukuthi, amafayela aputshuziwe โavikelekileโ ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okukhulu. Kukhona futhi impikiswano esobala, yokuthi le ndlela ivumela ukulandisa kwabezindaba okuhlala isikhathi eside ukuba kugcwaliseke - ukubonakala okuqinile abanye ababukele abakuhlonza njengomshwalense wempilo walowo okhipha umbiko. Kodwa kuthiwani uma, ngomqondo wokuthi "idatha ingamafutha ekhulu lama-21" - kuthiwani uma amafayela e-Snowden enziwe angasese abantu abazama ukuwaxhaphaza ngokwezintshisekelo zabo? โ
Amanye amawebhusayithi afana ne-Cryptome aphenya ngentshiseko ukuthi mingaki imibhalo ayiputshulile ekhishiwe, efuna imininingwane ephuma kwabezindaba abangayitholi. Nazi izibalo zabo kusukela ngo-Agasti 2014:
Imodeli ye-Snowden yokusabalalisa okulawulwayo manje iphonselwa inselelo yimodeli ye-Assange/Wikileaks yokubeka wonke amadokhumenti lapho, mhlawumbe ngokubethela okuthile bese, bese, ukuvumela ama-chips awe lapho angase awele khona. Inhloko entsha ye-NSA iphinde inciphise umthelela wokudalulwa kuka-Snowden ejensi yakhe.
Lesi yisimo esiwuketshezi lapho kungenzeka noma yini, futhi mhlawumbe izokwenzeka.
Umdidiyeli Wezindaba u-Danny Schechter ubhala incwadi ye-Seven Stories Press on Surveillance futhi usanda kuqeda uchungechunge lwe-TV ngale ndaba. Uyahlela Mediachannel.org namabhulogi at newsdissector.net. Amazwana ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
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