"Uyazi ukuthi uhulumeni wakho wehlulekile lapho ugogo wakho eqala ukuvukela umbuso": Ukubuyekezwa kukaNaomi Klein, Lokhu Kushintsha Konke: I-Capitalism vs. Isimo Sezulu (ENew York: Simon & Schuster, 2014).
U-Naomi Klein usephinde wahlanganisa amakhono akhe obuntatheli kanye nokubhala, kulokhu ukubhekana nenkinga yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu encwadini yakhe entsha, Lokhu Kushintsha Konke: I-Capitalism vs. Isimo Sezulu. Isikhathi sencwadi yakhe entsha sihle, siphuma ngenyanga efanayo neGlobal Climate March eNew York City, kanye nemibhikisho engama-2700 emhlabeni wonke ngalo lolo suku. Kufanele kubhekwe njengomunye umcibisholo obalulekile okufanele wengezwe emgodleni womnyakazo womhlaba wonke wokuphila.
Ukucaca kuka-Klein kuyamangalisa, kanye nekhono lakhe lokunqamula umbhedo nokufiphazwa kwemithombo yezindaba hhayi kuphela, kodwa “yabaholi” bezinkampani kanye nohulumeni abasezinhlelweni zokubulala umkhathi (noma labo abaphikayo ukuthi bayabulawa. ), futhi kanjalo, ngamunye wethu. Ubika ukuthi isivumelwano esingabopheli esisayinwe eCopenhagen ngamazwe amakhulu angcolisa umhlaba ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eMhlabeni lingaphansi kuka-2 degrees Celsius siyihlaya: “[Isisi esingcolisa umoya] sikhuphuka ngokushesha kangangokuthi ngaphandle kokuba kwenzeke okuthile okuqinile phakathi nesakhiwo sethu somnotho, Ama-degree angu-2 manje abukeka njengephupho le-utopian.”
[Qaphela: ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa elingu-2 degree Celsius kusilinganiso sokushisa esimaphakathi soMhlaba kusukela ngonyaka ka-1750—ukuqala koguquko lwezimboni—sekuyisikhathi eside kubonwa njengokuningi iplanethi engakwazi ukukubekezelela ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuba nemiphumela engemihle emikhulu ezinhlelweni zemvelo. gcina impilo yomuntu neyezilwane kanye neyezitshalo eziningi; Ama-degree angu-2 namuhla ngokuvamile abonwa izazi zezulu kanye nabanye ososayensi bomhlaba njengendinganiso eyandayo enganele, ephakeme kakhulu.]
U-Klein ubika ukuthi ngisho neBhange Lomhlaba liyaqaphela ukuthi sisendleleni yezwe elifudumele ngama-degree angu-4—ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka—bese ecaphuna u-Kevin Anderson we-Tyndall Center for Climate Change Research yase-UK: “ukufudumala okungu-4 degrees Celsius— 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit—'ayihambisani nanoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa okunengqondo komphakathi womhlaba wonke ohlelekile, olinganayo futhi ophucuzekile'.”
Ngalolu lwazi, kungani abantu bomhlaba bengakahlangani ukunqanda ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa? “Ngicabanga ukuthi impendulo ilula kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abaye basenza ukuba sikholwe: asizenzanga izinto ezidingekayo ukuze sinciphise umoya ongcolile ngoba lezi zinto zingqubuzana ngokuyisisekelo nobunxiwankulu obungalawuleki…”; "Izenzo ezingasinikeza ithuba elihle lokunqanda inhlekelele - futhi ezingazuzisa iningi - zisongela kakhulu idlanzana elincane elibambe iqhaza emnothweni wethu, inqubo yethu yezepolitiki, kanye nemithombo yethu eminingi yezindaba."
U-Klein uqhubeka echaza kabanzi ngokwenzekayo, ebhala isahluko (esihlakaniphile) mayelana nabaphika ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi i-Heartland Institute eseChicago. Kepha uyabavumela abakhululekile ukuthi bashiye ingwegwe, noma: “Ngakho-ke nali iqiniso lami elingalungile: Ngicabanga ukuthi laba bantu abanemibono eqinile bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kwangempela kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kangcono kunabaningi 'abafudumalayo' esikhungweni sezepolitiki, labo. abasagcizelela ukuthi impendulo ingaba kancane kancane futhi ingabi buhlungu futhi asikho isidingo sokulwa nanoma ubani, okuhlanganisa nezinkampani zikaphethiloli.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, "[t]abaphikayo bathola imininingwane eminingi engalungile ... kodwa uma kuziwa kububanzi nokujula koshintsho oludingekayo ukuze kugwenywe inhlekelele, basuke beqinisile emalini."
Ekugcineni, u-Klein uyaqaphela ukuthi sidinga ukubekela inselele umbono wezwe wamasiko walabo ababulala iplanethi: “Lokho okudingwa isimo sezulu ukuze sigweme ukuwohloka kuwukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yabantu; okudingwa yimodeli yethu yezomnotho ukuze sigweme ukuwa wukwanda okungenamingcele. Inye kuphela yalezi zimiso zemithetho engashintshwa, futhi akuyona imithetho yemvelo.”
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UKlein uchitha ingxenye esele yencwadi esekela ngokuqinile udaba lwakhe. Uphikisa izinganekwane, njengokuthi “onxiwankulu abakhanyiselwe,” njengoRichard Branson, bazosisindisa, noma ukuthi “ukulungisa” kwezobuchwepheshe kuzokwenza ubuqili. (Ngeshwa, uphuthelwe yi-movie yakamuva ka-Bon Joon Ho, “Snowpiercer,” ebonisa ukuthi uma singazitholi izinguquko ngendlela efanele, umphumela uzoba isiphithiphithi.) Uwukhipha ngaphandle umqondo wokuthi i-fracking iphephile, ekhomba ukukhululwa kwayo okubanzi kwe-methane, okuyinto eyingozi nakakhulu emkhathini kune-carbon dioxide. Izimpikiswano zakhe zinesibindi, ziqinile futhi ziqondile. Akazimisele ukudedela abantu, futhi ugxeka “ukucabanga komlingo.”
Ingxenye yesithathu yencwadi yakhe—ingxenye egxile kulabo abalwela uguquko—iyakhuthaza.
Lesi yisigaba esinikeza ithemba; ukuqaphela ukuthi labo abangena emzabalazweni namuhla akudingeki baqale phansi, kodwa ngolwazi kukhona inhlangano yomhlaba wonke yobulungisa bezenhlalakahle nezemvelo. U-Klein ubika evela ezindaweni ezifana neRomania, Greece, Latin America kanye nokubhuka kwaboMdabu baseMelika, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okwandayo kwemifelandawonye yemikhakha ehlukahlukene efana “nabaNkomo namaNdiya” emathafeni aseNyakatho Melika.
Kulesi sigaba, udonsela ukunaka kokuthile engikholelwa ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu: bekukade kuyizimboni zokumba (izimayini, uwoyela negesi, njll.) ezazingathola indlela yazo ngokukhawulela umthelela kulabo abebethembele kuleyo mboni, ikakhulukazi. okwemisebenzi. Lokho akuselona iqiniso namuhla, njengoba ukufuna kwabo izimbiwa kwanda kakhulu, manje sekuthinta abaningi abangancikile “enkulumeni” yabo. Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi ukumelana kungakhula, njengoba abantu abangancikile embonini bengakwazi ukuzilwela, futhi basekele labo abasabambekile.
Kunzima ukugxeka incwadi enamandla kangaka umuntu acabanga ukuthi kufanele ifundwe kabanzi, kodwa kunezinto ezimbili okufanele kuqashelwe kuzo. Okokuqala, nakuba ebhekisela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngisho negama layo’ izikhathi eziningana, ayikho incazelo yangempela yokuthi usho ukuthini ngokuthi “ubunxiwankulu.” Iningi lezishoshovu lizothola ukusikisela; kulabo abathola incwadi yakhe ngaphandle kwalokho ukuqonda kwangaphambili, nokho—ikakhulukazi ngesihlokwana sakhe—lokhu akuchazwa.
Okwesibili, ugxila kakhulu ezinqubweni zezomnotho enhliziyweni yokukhathazeka kwakhe, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuyadingeka, kodwa ngiyaphikisa ukuthi akwanele. Ngokumangalisayo, okungenani kimi, akukho ngxoxo yamandla nezimpi zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi ezizungeza ukulawula uwoyela. UKlein uyakwazi lokhu, ngiqinisekile, kodwa noma kunjalo, akakuqondi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wakhe usungaphezu kwamakhasi angama-500 (namanothi), kodwa ukuhlaziya okuzayo kufanele kufake lokhu kuqonda kanye nalokho kwezomnotho.
Lena incwadi ebalulekile efanele ukufundwa kabanzi. U-Klein akazimisele ukubekezelela ubuwula—ngithi?
UKim Scipes, Ph.D., uyisishoshovu sesikhathi eside efundisa izifundo ze-"Sociology of the Environment" e-Purdue University North Central e-Westville, e-Indiana kusukela ngo-2006. UDkt. Scipes angatholakala ngengosi yakhe ethi: http://faculty.pnc.edu/kscipes.
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