Egqugquzelwa ukuchema kwakhe okujulile kanye nokukaMongameli uDonald Trump, Ummeli Jikelele uJeff Sessions uphishekela i-ajenda enzima ngamalungelo okuvota, abokufika, ubugebengu, amaphoyisa, impi yezidakamizwa, ukugwetshwa kombuso kanye nokwenza amajele azimele.
Sessions, manje oseyinhloko yoMnyango Wezobulungiswa, obhekene necala lokuphoqelela uMthetho Wamalungelo Okuvota, wake wabiza lesi senzo ngokuthi “siyaphazamisa.” Ngo-2013, ngemva kokuba iNkantolo Ephakeme ikhiphe isinqumo ngo I-Shelby County v. Isibamba eyachitha isigaba sesenzo esasungula ifomula yokucaciswa kwezindawo ezithile ezinomlando wokucwasa ngokwebala, i-Sessions yalubiza ngokuthi “usuku oluhle lwaseNingizimu.”
I-Sessions kanye noTrump baveza ubukhona balokho i-Brennan Center for Justice e-New York University Law School ekubiza ngokuthi “igagasi lobugebengu obumangalisayo.” Nakuba lokhu kubusa kwethusa ngezinga eliphezulu lobugebengu, empeleni, izinga lobugebengu ezweni lonke kanye nokubulawa kwabantu lisezingeni eliphansi elicishe lifane nomlando: ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 kunalokho ayeyikho ngo-1991.
I-mantra yomkhankaso kaTrump "kwakuwumthetho nokuhleleka," inkolelo yokubekezelela ukuphoqelelwa ngokweqile kwamaphoyisa, ngokuvamile ngokumelene nabantu bemibala. UTrump ukhuluma “ngokubulawa kwabantu baseMelika” emadolobheni kanye “nempi” emaphoyiseni. Inkulumo yakhe mbumbulu ibhekiswe kuBlack Lives Matter, eyavela ngenxa yokwanda kwezibalo zokudubula kwamaphoyisa, ikakhulukazi abangemhlophe.
Umongameli uveza izindlela zokuguqula amaphoyisa njengokuthi "imithetho ephikisana nomthetho" futhi amaSeshini ahambisana ngokugcwele nalokhu kuhlaka. Ngo-2015, lapho eseyilungu lephalamende, uSessions wathi izinhlangano zokuguqula amaphoyisa zibeka engcupheni ukuphepha komphakathi futhi ziphazamisa umsebenzi wamaphoyisa.
Amaseshini aphikisana nemithetho yemvume, okuyizivumelwano eziphoqelelwe yinkantolo ezihloselwe ukuqeda ukuprofetha ngokobuhlanga kanye namandla amakhulu amaphoyisa kuma-ejensi abonisa “iphethini noma umkhuba” wokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Imihlangano ithi uhulumeni wobumbano akumele "utshele amaphoyisa endawo ukuthi enze kanjani umsebenzi wawo" (ngaphandle uma kukhulunywa ngokuphoqelelwa kwabokufika, okungukuthi).
I-Amnesty International ixwayisa ngokuthi inkulumo kaTrump kanye neSessions “yomthetho nokuhleleka” ingaholela emazingeni aphezulu okuboshwa kwabantu abaningi, izigwebo ezinde kanye nokuvalelwa wedwa isikhathi eside.
Amalungelo Okuvota Asengozini
Izikhathi zibuyisele emuva inkambiso yoMnyango Wezobulungiswa ka-Obama yokubekela inselele imithetho yokuhlonza abavoti, ebeka izithiyo kubavoti abambalwa. Amaseshini ayalele uMnyango wakhe wezoBulungiswa ukuthi ungenelele ukuze uvune imibuso eshaya izinyathelo zokukhawulela ngokubandlulula ukufinyelela kumavoti.
NgoFebhuwari, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa weSessions wacela inkantolo yesifunda sombuso ukuthi ichithe isimangalo soMnyango Wezobulungiswa ka-Obama sokuthi umthetho we-2011 we-Texas Voter ID waphasiswa ngenhloso yokucwasa abantu abambalwa. Kodwa ngo-Ephreli, iJaji uNelva Gonzales Ramos laphetha ngokuthi ukucwasa ngamabomu abavoti abambalwa “kuhlanganisa okungenani isici esisodwa esibalulekile noma esishukumisayo ngemuva kokuphasiswa komthetho we-ID yabavoti baseTexas.
I-ajenda kaSessions yokucwasa ngokwebala isivele ithuthukisa ukuhlasela kwakhe isiqiniseko esiyisisekelo embusweni wentando yeningi — ilungelo lokuvota.
Izinqubomgomo Zokuthuthelana Ngokucwasa
UTrump noSessions abaphoxi abashisekeli bezwe abamhlophe abakhetha ukusebenzisa inqubomgomo yokuphuma kwabantu kwamanye amazwe njengohlaka ukuze baqhubekisele phambili uhlelo lwabo lwe-“alt-right”.
U-Kevin de León, uMongameli u-pro Tempore weSigele Sesifunda SaseCalifornia, uthe, "Sekucace ngokusobala" ukuthi iSessions kanye noTrump "basekela izinqubomgomo zabo zomthetho ezimisweni zokubusa kwabamhlophe - hhayi izindinganiso zaseMelika."
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya maphakathi noNdasa walo nyaka, ukuboshwa kwabokufika kunyuke ngamaphesenti angama-33. Selokhu agcotshwa uTrump, isibalo sokuboshwa kwabokufika abangenawo amarekhodi obugebengu sesiphindeke kabili. Cishe isigamu sabangu-675 ababoshwa ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari babenamacala okushayela noma babengenalo nhlobo irekhodi lobugebengu, ngokusho kwemininingwane etholwe yiWashington Post.
Amaseshini anyuse kakhulu izinhlawulo zokungena kabusha e-United States ngokungemthetho futhi wayala izikhulu zezokufika ukuthi zikhokhise abokufika abangenazo izincwadi ngamacala anezinhlawulo eziphezulu.
Yize izenzo zikaSessions ezinzima zisekelwe esigamekweni esingamanga sikaTrump sokuthi abokufika babulala ngokungafanele futhi badlwengula izakhamizi zaseMelika, Ucwaningo lubonisiwe ukuthi abokufika empeleni benza amacala ambalwa kunezakhamuzi.
Ama-ejenti akwa-Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) abopha abokufika abeza enkantolo. Lo mkhuba omubi washukumisela IJaji Elikhulu LeNkantolo Ephakeme YaseCalifornia u-Tani Cantil-Sakauye ukuba akhononde encwadini ayibhalela uMnyango Wezobulungiswa Nokuphepha Kwasekhaya ngokuthi amanxusa e-ICE “kubonakala sengathi acupha abokufika abangenazo izincwadi ezinkantolo ukuze ababophe.”
Ukwesabisa abokufika ngezinyathelo ezisabisayo kwenza ofakazi bokufika bangabe besabika ubugebengu, futhi kudikibalisa izisulu ekufuneni izinyathelo zomthetho kanye nezinsizakalo ezihloselwe ukuvikela ukuphepha nokuphila kahle kwazo.
NgoMashi, uMnyango Wamaphoyisa eLos Angeles ubone ukwehla ngamaphesenti angama-25 enanini lamaLatinos abika ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nokwehla ngamaphesenti ayi-10 emibikweni yaseLatinos yodlame lwasekhaya. Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, lehle ngamaphesenti angama-42.8 enanini lamaLatinos abike ukudlwengula eMnyangweni Wamaphoyisa aseHouston. Futhi isikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo eLos Angeles sibike ukwehla ngamaphesenti angama-20 kwababhalisele izitembu zokudla kanye nokwehla ngamaphesenti angama-54 kwababhalisele iMedicaid.
Abaphathi bakaTrump bebebopha - baze baxosha - "Abaphuphayo" abethembele eziqinisekweni zikaBarack Obama ukuthi bazovikeleka uma bephuma emthunzini futhi banikeze imininingwane yabo yomuntu siqu kwa-ICE. Umphuphi u-Juan Manuel Montes Bojorquez ubhalise ohlelweni luka-Obama lwe-Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), futhi ube ngowokuqala umamukeli we-DACA ukuxoshwa. U-Bojorquez, oseMexico, umangalele uhulumeni wobumbano wase-US.
Ngomhla zingama-25 kuJanuwari, 2017, u-Trump wasayina i-oda lesigungu esiphezulu sokumisa uxhaso lwenhlangano kohulumeni bomasipala abangakukhuthazi ukuphoqelelwa komthetho wombuso. Umyalo kaTrump uqondiswe “emadolobheni angcwele” avikela abokufika ekudingisweni.
NgoNdasa, uSessions wesabisa izikhulu ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalolunye ngokuthi zizolahlekelwa yimali yazo yesibonelelo sikahulumeni ka-2016 uma zihluleka ukuqinisekiswa. June 30 ukuthi bebethobela umthetho owenqabela iziphathimandla zendawo ekuphoqeni izikhulu ukuthi zigodle ulwazi mayelana nesimo sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe kuziphathimandla zikahulumeni.
Kodwa iningi lezinqubomgomo zezindawo ezingcwele azifaki ukwabelana ngolwazi. Iningi likhuluma ngendlela yokuphatha “ababoshiwe,” lapho izikhulu zezokuthutha zicela ukuthi iziphathimandla zezwe noma zendawo ziqhubeke nokubopha abantu abafaneleka ukukhululwa. Izinkantolo zithe iziphathimandla azikwazi ukuphoqelelwa ukuhlonipha labo ababoshiwe.
I-Trump January 25 i-oda livinjiwe, okwamanje. IJaji Lesifunda Lase-US u-William H. Orrick III ukhiphe umyalo wokuqala ezweni lonke owenqabela uhulumeni wobumbano ekubambeni izimali ezivela kohulumeni bomasipala abangabambisani ngokugcwele nabasebenzeli bokufika.
U-Orrick uphinde wanquma ukuthi uhulumeni wobumbano awukwazi ukuphoqa ngokusemthethweni izifunda ukuthi zibambe abantu abangenazo izincwadi ngaphandle kwezinsuku zabo zokukhululwa. Ijaji liphethe ngokuthi umyalo kaTrump kungenzeka wephula inqubo efanele, ukuhlukaniswa kwemfundiso yamandla, kanye ne-10th Amendment, evimbela ukugxambukela kwenhlangano kuhulumeni wezwe nowendawo. ICongress kuphela engakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwemali, kubhala u-Orrick.
Lona ngumyalelo wesithathu kaTrump omiswe yizinkantolo zombuso. Ukuvinjelwa kwakhe kokuqala nokwesibili kwamaSulumane kusalindwe eNkantolo Yezikhalo Yezifunda yesi-9 neyesine.
Ukunikeza Amaphoyisa Ukubusa Kwamahhala
Izikhathi zihamba phakathi noTrump ku-ajenda yakhe "yomthetho nokuhleleka". Embikweni owanyatheliswa kuyi- USA Today ngo-April 17, uSessions wagxeka “inhlupho yobudlova,” ethi, “ubugebengu obunobudlova budlangile emadolobheni aseMelika.” Eqinisweni, ubugebengu buphansi noma buseduze kunanini ngaphambili ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-United States.
Umlayezo ongacacile ku-op-ed ye-Sessions wawuwukuthi abantu bemibala, ikakhulukazi abantu base-Afrika baseMelika, bawusongo kwabamhlophe baseMelika. Impela ukhetho lukaTrump lukhombise kakhulu ukuhlehla emuva kokuthi kube nomuntu omnyama eNdlu “eMhlophe”.
"Izithombe zabantu abamnyama abanobugebengu, abanobugebengu banesisindo esikhulu emicabangweni yezombangazwe yabavoti abamhlophe, ikakhulukazi labo abeseka uDonald Trump," uChauncey de Vega wabhala eSalon. "Ngalokho iqiniso linikelwa ngenxa yezinhloso ezimbili zokuzikhandla kwezombusazwe kanye nokusebenzela iMelika isikhathi eside 'ngobugebengu obumnyama'."
Ku-op-ed yakhe, uSessions uphakamise ukuthi, "Ukulwa naleli gagasi lodlame nokuvikela imiphakathi yethu, sidinga amaphoyisa akhuthele." Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthe engxoxweni emsakazweni we-Howie Carr osadla ngoludala ukuthi izimvume zokuvuma “ziyaphindisela emuva [kwezikhulu] ekubeni semgwaqweni ngendlela ematasa” ngoba “zehlisa isimilo.” Ubhale kweyakhe i-op-ed ukuthi imithetho yemvume ingase ilingane “nokungenwa kwenhlangano okulimazayo” futhi wathi amadolobha angaphansi kwemithetho yemvume “abone ukwanda kobugebengu obukhulu kakhulu.”
Amaseshini abuyisele emuva ukwengamela kwamaphoyisa endawo ngesikhathi sika-Obama futhi agunyaza ukubuyekezwa kwemithetho yemvume esebenzayo engu-14 phakathi kweminyango yamaphoyisa edolobha kanye nohulumeni wobumbano.
Eqinisweni, iminyango eminingi yamaphoyisa iyazamukela izinqumo zemvume. USeattle ubone ukwehliswa ngamaphesenti angama-60 ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphoyisa amaphakathi ukuya kwaqinile, ngokusho kukaMerrick J. Bobb, owaqapha isimemezelo sikaSeattle semvume ka-2011. UBobb wabhala kuyi-Los Angeles Times, “Ukwethembana okwandisiwe komphakathi kubonakala kukhuthaza ukubambisana okwengeziwe namaphoyisa ekuxazululeni ubugebengu nasekuxazululeni izinkinga zomakhelwane.” Ngaphansi kwesimemezelo semvume kaSeattle, uBobb waphawula, "amaphoyisa abekwe engcupheni enkulu futhi awakwazi noma azimisele ukusebenzisa amandla ukuze azivikele kunangaphambili."
IMeya yaseNew Orleans uMitch Landrieu utshele i-HuffPost ukuthi idolobha lakhe "aliphephile kangako ngenxa yemithetho yemvume."
Izinga lobugebengu eNewark, eNew Jersey, liphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engu-50. UPeter Harvey, owaqapha isinqumo semvume yaseNewark, wathi, “Cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha anesimiso sokuvuma, ukudubula kwehlile, ukubulawa kwabantu kwehlile, izigwebo ezibhekiswe edolobheni zinciphile, nokuziphatha emnyangweni wamaphoyisa kuye kwaphakanyiswa. nokuziphatha emphakathini kukhulisiwe.”
Kungani izinqumo zemvume zingahlangani nokududuzwa okukhulu kwezikhulu zedolobha?” Ngoba awuwamemi amaphoyisa ukuthi angazuli,” kusho uHarvey engxoxweni abe nayo neHuffPost, “awuwamemi amaphoyisa ukuthi angawusebenzisi umthetho, umema amaphoyisa ukuthi alandele imiyalelo yomthethosisekelo.”
Singalindela futhi ukubona ukwanda kwezempi kwamaphoyisa ngaphansi kokuphatha kukaTrump, nempahla yezempi eyengeziwe enikezwe abomthetho wendawo. Lokho kuhlanganisa ama-drones, izikhali zomzimba, izimoto ezihlaselayo nezikhali ezinamandla amakhulu. Ukuguqula amadolobha abe izindawo zempi kuyomane kubhebhethekise ukungezwani.
Inqubomgomo Yezidakamizwa Ehlehlisayo
Abaphathi baka-Obama bayalele abashushisi bombuso ukuthi benze ubugebengu obunodlame nobubucayi bube yinto ehamba phambili futhi bagweme ukukhokhisa izinhlawulo ezinzima "ezidingekayo" emacaleni athile ezidakamizwa asezingeni eliphansi. Izigwebo ezincane eziyisibopho zisusa ukukhetha kumajaji ukuze kulungiswe izigwebo kumuntu ngamunye kanye nokuboshwa kukaphethiloli okuqondise ngokungafani abantu bemibalabala.
U-Eric Holder, ummeli-jikelele ka-Obama, unikeze izifundazwe, eziningi zazo ezigunyaze insangu ngezinjongo zezokwelapha kanye/noma zokungcebeleka, inkululeko ethile yokubeka inqubomgomo yensangu. Uphinde wayalela abashushisi bombuso ukuthi behlise amacala emacaleni ezidakamizwa angenalo udlame asezingeni eliphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokuboshwa likahulumeni lehle ngamaphesenti angu-9.5 kusukela ngo-2007, ngokusho kwe Isikhungo saseBrennan.
Ngo-2016, i-Sessions yamemezela, "abantu abalungile abayibhemi insangu," ixwayisa "ngengozi yangempela" ebangelwa yisidakamizwa. “Akulona uhlobo lwento okufanele ibe semthethweni.” Singase sibone amaSeshini ebeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho yensangu yombuso, ejabhile izigidi zabantu ezweni lonke abavotele ukugunyazwa ezifundazweni zabo.
Isigwebo Se-Federal Esicindezelayo
Ngonyaka odlule, amaRiphabhulikhi aphambili, okuhlanganisa noSens. John Cornyn (R-Texas) kanye no-Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) kanye noSomlomo weNdlu u-Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin) bahola umzamo ohlangene wokuphasisa umthethosivivinywa obunganciphisa izigwebo ezidingekayo amanye amacala angenalo udlame nezidakamizwa. I-The-Senator Sessions, ebihola ukuphikisa lo mthethosivivinywa, iwubize ngokuthi "umthethosivivinywa wokunciphisa ubugebengu." Umholi Weningi Leningi u-Mitch McConnell uvimbele umthethosivivinywa ukuthi uvotelwe ukuze kugwenywe uqhekeko eqenjini.
Ukwandisa Amajele Azimele
U-Obama noHolder bebevala ukusetshenziswa kwamajele azimele. I-Brennan Centre ibika ukuthi iziboshwa ezizimele zinezinkinga eziningi, ezihlanganisa: “amazinga aphezulu okuhlaselwa kwezinye iziboshwa nabasebenzi; iziboshwa ezihlaliswe ngokungafanele ezindaweni ezivalelwe zodwa ngenxa yokuminyana lapho lawo mayunithi kufanele ngabe asetshenziselwe izizathu zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe noma zokuphatha; ezinye izinkinga eziningi zokungemthetho; kanye nokuvalwa kwezokuphepha okuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi.”
Noma kunjalo, ikhandidethi uTrump, owabiza uhlelo lwethu lwamajele ngokuthi "yinhlekelele," uthe, "Ngicabanga ukuthi singakwazi ukwenza izinto eziningi ezizimele kanye namajele azimele." ISessions iguqule umgomo wenkathi ka-Obama wokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwamajele azimele.
Ummeli Omkhulu Ongahlomile
Ngemuva kokuthi u-Trump eqoke amaSessions kummeli-jikelele, u-Rep. Luis Gutiérrez (D-Illinois) uthe, "Alikho ilungu lephalamende elilwe kanzima ngokumelene namathemba kanye nezifiso zamaLatinos, abokufika kanye nabantu bemibala kuneSen. Sessions."
Ngempela akekho osekuhlomele kakhulu ukuhola uMnyango wezoBulungiswa. Ukucwasa ngokwebala kukaSessions kugqame kukho konke akwenzile ngesikhathi ephethe isikhashana kukhabhinethi kaTrump.
Kubalulekile ukuthi “thina bantu” siqhubeke nokumelana, ngazo zonke izindlela esingenza ngazo, iphethini ye-Trump-Sessions kanye nomkhuba wokungabi nabulungisa.
UMarjorie Cohn unguprofesa ophumelelayo eThomas Jefferson School of Law, owayengumongameli weNational Lawyers Guild, kanye nesekela likanobhala jikelele we-International Association of Democratic Lawyers. Izincwadi zakhe zihlanganisa I-United States Nokuhlukunyezwa: Ukuphenywa, Ukuboshwa, Nokuhlukunyezwa; I-Cowboy Republic: Izindlela Eziyisithupha Iqembu LaseBush Lidelele Umthetho; futhi Ama-Drones kanye Nokubulala Okuhlosiwe: Izinkinga Zomthetho, Zokuziphatha, kanye Nezombangazwe. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yakhe: MarjorieCohn.com. Mlandele ku-Twitter: @MarjorieCohn.