Insuurcing Trend Strictly A Inganekwane
Ikhava ye Atlantic ka-December iqinisekisa iMelika ngesibindi: โUkubuya: Kungani Ikusasa Lemboni LiseMelika,โ nezihloko zezindaba ezishiwo ngemuva ezinokukhanya okucwebezelayo komkhiqizo omusha sha waseMelika. Kuhlanganiswe nezinkulumo eziningi zikaMongameli u-Obama ememezela inkambiso โyokunxeshezelwaโ kanye nendatshana yezindaba zakamuva zezindaba zeBloomberg News, NPR, CNBC, nabanye abaningi, Atlantic udlulisele umyalezo wokuthi amashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika abakhungathekile bebelindele ukuzwa: imisebenzi yokukhiqiza kanye negcina umndeni โyesigaba esimaphakathiโ ebibonakala ingasekho isibuyela ogwini lwethu.
Labo abamemezela ukufika kwe-insourcing ngezinga elikhulu bathi kuqhutshwa amaholo aphezulu okukhiqiza amaShayina, akhuphuka.
The Atlantic izindaba ziye zavutha ithemba emikhakheni yezombangazwe futhi zehla zenyuka izinga lezomnotho, njengoba ziqinisa umbono wokuthi iMelika ekugcineni izoqala ukuba yisizwe, "esikhiqiza izinto" futhi, esikhundleni sokuthembela emnothweni owakhiwe phezu kokuqagela kwezezimali. Ngeshwa, ukufakwa kwezimali kuhlelo lokusebenza akuyona into entsha ethokozisayo. Akuwona neze umkhuba. Kunalokho, ngokwesazi sezomnotho samazwe ngamazwe uRobert Scott we-Economic Policy Institute, โikakhulukazi iwunga.โ UScott uyaphikisana, โKuyitiyetha yaseKabuki lapho ama-CEO ahlukahlukene kanye ne-White House bezama ukuyithengisela umphakathi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwehle kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kukhule ngokushesha kunokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusukela kwaqala ukululama.
โAngikaboni bufakazi balokhu [kunxeshezelwa] ekusebenzeni kwethu kwezohwebo. Ukushoda kwezohwebo e-US [ezimpahleni] kukhuphuke ngokushesha kakhulu kune-GDP eminyakeni emithathu edlule,โ yafinyelela ku-$738.4 wezigidigidi zezimpahla ngo-2011. Isamba sokushoda okuhlanganisa nezinsizakalo bekungamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-599.9โฆ. โOkwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, sithenga kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi esusa izigidi zemisebenzi futhi ithumele izinto ezifana nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli kanye nemithi edinga imali enkulu kakhulu futhi esekela imisebenzi embalwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke indaba yokulahlekelwa-ukulahlekelwa. "
Inkulumo โyokuthambekela kokunxeshezelwaโ iphikiswa yidatha, kusho uScott, ekhombisa ukuphuma okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza yase-US kanye nokwehla kwenani okuqhubekayo.
Naphezu kobukhona obuyimfihlakalo, umbono wokuthambekela kokucela usizo ukhanga kakhulu kulo lonke elaseMelika. UChris Townsend, umqondisi wezepolitiki osenesikhathi eside we-United Radio Machine and Electrical Workers (UE), inyunyana eyalinyazwa kakhulu "ukuxoshwa" kwemisebenzi yase-US ezizweni ezicindezelayo ezihola kancane njengeMexico neChina, umangale ngendlela. ukuthi i Atlanticizihloko ziye zazwakala kulo lonke elaseMelika. Kusukela ku-op-ed kamongameli wophiko lwesokudla we-National Association of Manufacturers kuya kumawebhusayithi amaningi athuthukayo, Atlantic izihloko zikaCharles Fishman noJames Fellows bezilokhu โzikhula ngokushesha lapho [zifinyelela] kuzo.โ
Umkhuba onconywe ngabakwa Atlantic ithinta kokubili imizwa yosaziwayo "yeka ukudelela" kanye nengqondo yezamabhizinisi engalawuleki okungqubuzana kwayo okubukhali kube yisihloko esingaphansi emncintiswaneni kamongameli wango-2012. Inhlolovo yango-2010 (10/2/10, I-Wall St. Journal) yabonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-86 abantu baseMelikaโabanenani elicishe lilingane phakathi kwamaDemocrats namaRepublicans kanye nabasebenzi bezimboni nabaphathiโbakholelwa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi kuwumthombo oyinhloko wezinkinga zezomnotho zezwe. Le miphumela inanela a fortune inhlolovo (1/23/08), ebonisa, โIncazelo yokuwohloka komnotho kwamanje evame ukucashunwa abaphenduli: 'Izinkampani zase-US ezithumela imisebenzi phesheya kwezilwandle lapho abasebenzi ishibhile khona'."
I-Townsend ithi, kubasebenzi, imibiko yemisebenzi ebuyela eMelika yamukelwa ngelikhulu isasasa abantu abaye babuka imisebenzi yokukhiqiza yase-United States engaba izigidi eziyisithuphaโcishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yayo yonkeโinyamalala kusukela ngo-6. lo mkhuba okuthiwa 'wokunxeshezelwa', futhi mhlawumbe uthanda abakuzwayoโngisho nokubona okubi. 'Yizindaba' wonke umuntu afuna ukuzizwa, ngakho ithola izilinganiso ezinhle.โ
Kubantu bamabhizinisi, inkulumo yokucela usizo iwukubuyisela okuqinisekisayo esimeni esijwayelekile lapho ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa endaweni ngaphansi kwamehlo abo abukhali, lapho abahlinzeki bekungabasebenzi bendawo abajwayelekile futhi ukubamba iqhaza ekwakheni amandla ezimboni zaseMelika kwakuwumthombo wokuziqhenya. Kodwa-ke, ukunxeshezelwa ngokuyisisekelo kuyinganekwane yepolitiki eklanyelwe ukukhohlisa abalaleli.
Okuyingozi nakakhulu, isithembiso esingamanga sokuthola imali siphambukisa izinkulumo zomphakathi kude nezinkinga ezibhekene nabantu abasebenzayo: ukuguguleka okubukhali kwamaholo ase-US kanye namazinga okuphilaโokuzodinga ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuhlela izinyunyana anyathelwe ekubeni yize ngamashumi eminyaka yokwephulwa kwemithetho yomqashi engapheli futhi esobala, okwenziwa uhulumeni kanye nokunganaki kwemithombo yezindaba.
Izivumelwano "zohwebo lwamahhala", ezifana ne-NAFTA-style Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) manje okuxoxiswana ngayo, zikhuthaza ukweqiwa kwemisebenzi futhi zibukela phansi intando yeningi ngokunikeza izinkampani amandla okuphishekela izinyathelo zomthetho ngokumelene nemithetho edalwe ngentando yeningi yohulumeni abazimele.
โNgenkathi inkathi yokhetho idonsa ukunaka kwawo wonke umuntu, izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye 'nabeluleki' bezinkampani ezisemthethweni ezingama-600 bebesebenza ngaphandle kweminyango evaliwe ukuze baqedele ubudlelwano beTrans-Pacific," kuchaza u-Lori Wallach, umqondisi omkhulu wePublic Citizen's. I-Global Trade Watch.
โI-TPP iyisu lakamuva leqembu lezigebengu elasifaka eSivumelwaneni Sokuhweba Ngokukhululekile saseNyakatho Melika futhi lacindezela ukuthi kwandiswe iNhlangano Yomhlaba Yezohwebo yase-Amerika abangasebenzi njengo-GE noCaterpillar; amabhange afana noCiti; imidondoshiya ebiza amanani emithi njengePfizer; uwoyela, igesi, kanye nezimayini zamazwe ngamazwe njengeChevron ne-Exxon; kanye nabanikazi bamabhizinisi ezolimo njengoCargill noMonsanto.โ
I-TPP isongela ukwengeza ohlakeni lwemisebenzi esekela imindeni egeleza iphuma e-US, ikakhulukazi emazweni aneholo eliphansi lapho amalungelo abasebenzi ecindezelwa khona futhi ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo kunganakwa lapho kufunwa inzuzo enkulu. Nakuba ukuheheka kweChina ezinkampanini zase-US kungase kunciphe kancane, kusho u-Arthur Stamoulis, umqondisi weCitizens Trade Campaign, โI-TPPโฆizothuthukisa ukufinyelela kwabakhiqizi, imikhiqizo kanye nabathengisi ngisho nasezimakethe zabasebenzi ezibiza kancane emazweni afana neVietnam neMalaysia. -ukudala izikhuthazo zokuya phesheya kwezilwandle kulawo mazwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwehlisa amaholo namaShayina nezimo zokusebenza."
URobert Scott we-EPI, ngemva kokuhlola izitayela zeminyaka embalwa edlule, uphetha ngokuthi, โIzinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezizinze e-US zingenisa inqwaba yezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe, cishe ngamaphesenti angama-40 kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Lezi zinkampani zingenisa izingxenye ezishibhile. Ngokufakwayo okushibhile okwengeziwe, banganweba umkhiqizo wabo ngaphandle kokuqasha okuningi e-US Ngakho-ke inzuzo iyenyuka futhi amaholo awanjalo.
"Sibe nokulahlekelwa kwezigidi ezingu-6 ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngo-1998, okuhlanganisa nenzuzo engaba ngu-500,000 kusukela ngoJanuwari 2010." Imisebenzi iyaqhubeka nokuphuma e-US Okunye ukulahleka kwemisebenzi kubangelwe ukushintshwa kwezingxenye nemikhiqizo eyenziwe e-US yizimpahla ezenziwe kwamanye amazwe ezivame ukuxhaswa uhulumeni wazo. Ingxenye ebalulekile ingenxa yezinkampani zase-US ezikhiqiza phesheya kwezilwandle izinsiza ezihola kancane futhi zibuyisele imikhiqizo e-US Phakathi kwayo yonke inkulumo ngeChina njengamandla ezimboni akhulayo, akukho okushiwo ukuthi amaphesenti angama-60 okuthengiswa kwawo avela e-US noma kwezinye izindawo. amafemu angaphandle.
The I-Wall Street Journal'UDavid Wessel, esebenzisa izibalo zoMnyango Wezohwebo, ubike (4/19/11) ukuthi, โIzinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zase-US eziqashe amaphesenti angu-20 abo bonke abasebenzi base-US, ziya ngokuya ziqasha abasebenzi baphesheya kwezilwandle.
โIzinkampani zaseMelika zamazwe ngamazwe, izinkampani ezinkulu ezinamagama aqasha ingxenye yesihlanu yazo zonke izisebenzi zaseMelika, beziqasha phesheya ngenkathi zinciphisa ekhaya, zicija inkulumo-mpikiswano ngomphumela wokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke emnothweni wase-USโฆ. Izinkampani zehlise abasebenzi bazo e-US ngezigidi ezingu-2.9 ngeminyaka yawo-2000 ngenkathi zenyusa ukuqashwa phesheya kwezilwandle ngezigidi ezingu-2.4, kubonisa idatha entsha evela eMnyangweni Wezohwebo wase-US. Lokho kuwushintsho olukhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, lapho bengeza imisebenzi yonke indawo: izigidi ezingu-4.4 e-US kanye nezigidi ezingu-2.7 phesheya.โ
Ngisho nomsekeli we-cheerleader uFishman uyavuma, "Izwe lalahlekelwa yimisebenzi yasefekthri ngokushesha okuphindwe ka-7 phakathi kuka-2000 no-2010 kunalokho lenza phakathi kuka-1980 no-2000." Ukuze kumane kuncishiswe lokhu kuphuma kwemisebenzi engaka, iqhinga lamanje lemisebenzi ebuyela e-US, lapho abathanda ukucela usizo abakhomba khona ngezibikezelo zempumelelo yesikhathi esizayo, kuzofanele kukhuphuke ngokwesimo sezulu.
Uchwepheshe wezokukhiqiza osenesikhathi eside uDan Luria, i-PhD yezomnotho osesebenze iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ezama ukusimamisa kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhiqiza eMichigan, uyakuchitha ukuthengwa kwempahla njengokufisa nje okuphikisana namaqiniso abuhlungu okuthi amafemu amakhulu ase-US ayitshala kanjani imali yawo ngaphandle. I-US Luria ithi zonke izimemezelo mayelana nokukhishwa kwezimali zisekelwe โezindabeni ezine noma ezinhlanu ezifanayo,โ ezineziningi ezibonisa amaholo ancishiswe kakhuluโayizona neze isizathu sokujabula.
Ngayinye "yempumelelo" enkulu ekufuneni imali ecashunwe nguFishman noFallows ku Atlantic zibonakala ziwohlokaโnoma okungenani ziqashelwe njengezinto ezincane kakhulu ngokubalulekaโlapho zithonywa ukudunyiswa okuncane nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ukuthi sibungaza umkhiqizi womugqa omdala onjengo-GE evula ulayini omusha wokukhiqiza e-Louisville, umdondoshiya osanda kuvela njengo-Apple okuthiwa uphethe izimo ezithuthukisiwe kubaphakeli bayo be-Foxconn e-China ngenkathi ebuyisela imisebenzi e-Bay Area, noma inhlangano entsha ye-Foxconn. abanikazi befekthri abancane e-San Francisco, Fishman and Fallows baqhubeka bememezela ukuvuselelwa kwezimboni okuzofika maduze.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-Fallows, ithi โlezi zinguquko zibonisa amathuba angcono kubakhiqizi baseMelika kanye nokukhula kwemisebenzi yaseMelika kunanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi kusukela incithakalo yeRust Belt kanye nokugetshengwa kwesigaba sabasebenzi baseMelika kwaba nokungagwemeki okudabukisayo kwenkathi yezimboni yomhlaba wonke.โ Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi balokhu kukhuthaza ukuthengwa kwempahla okuthuthukiswe ngokuthengiswa okunonya okungaka kukaFishman kanye neFallows kuhwamuka ngokushesha uma sekuhloliwe, njengamacala afana noGeneral Electric, Master Lock, Apple, kanye nozakwethu obalulekile, uFoxconn.
General Electric
Ingxabano ka-Fishman yenguquko yokunxeshezelwa isekelwe kakhulu ekuqapheleni kwakhe mayelana nesinqumo se-GE sokufaka imigqa emisha eminingana yokukhiqiza e-Appliance Park ehlala isikhathi eside e-Louisville, e-Kentucky. Ngo-2012, "into efuna ukwazi nethemba isiqalile ukwenzeka, into engeke ichazwe nje ngokuwohloka Okukhulu Komnotho kanye nokubuya okujikelezayo kwabasebenzi abasanda kuphelelwa umsebenzi," kusho uFishman. I-GE isebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-800 emigqeni yokukhiqiza ezokhiqiza izifudumezi zamanzi, iziqandisi ezinezicabha zesiFulentshi, โnamawasha alayishwa ngaphambili ayisimfashini kanye nezomisi ezithandwa abantu baseMelika. I-GE ayikaze yenze lezo zase-United States ngaphambili,โ kusazisa uFishman.
NgokukaFishman, ukuzibophezela ku-Appliance Park eLouisville kumelela ushintsho olukhulu ekucabangeni kwe-GE kanye ne-CEO yayo enethonya elikhulu uJeff Immelt, okubonisa inkolelo evuselelwe ngokubaluleka kokukhiqiza eMelika. Esikhathini esidlule, owayeyi-CEO ye-GE Jack Welch wake wakhuluma kabi, โKungcono, ngingaba nayo yonke imboni enginayo emkhunjini,โ ngaleyo ndlela ngikwazi ukuxhaphaza ngokushesha ithuba lakamuva ngisho nabasebenzi abahola kancane. U-Immelt, oseke waba ngusihlalo weKhomishana kaMongameli Obama Yezokuncintisana Nemisebenzi, uzwakalise ifilosofi ehlukile lapho ebhala Ukubukezwa Kwebhizinisi le-Harvard, ukuthi ukuhoxiswa kwemisebenzi โsekuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha njengendawo yebhizinisi le-GE Appliances.โ I-Immelt ichaza leyo timu ku-op-ed (4/21/11, Washington Post): โ[T] nansi into engenakugwenywa mayelana nokuncipha kokuncintisana kokukhiqiza kweMelika uma sisebenzisana ukuze sikuhlehlise,โ wabhala. "Ngokwesibonelo, sibuyisele imisebenzi eminingi yokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi ze-GE eMibusoni ngokusebenzisana nezinyunyana zethu nokwenza imisebenzi yethu isebenze kahle."
Imithelela yesinqumo se-GE sokutshala imali eLouisville iyanyakazisa umhlaba kubantu baseMelika, ngokusho kukaFishman. โKwenzekeni? Eminyakeni emi-5 nje edlule, ingasaphathwa eyeminyaka eyi-10 noma engu-20 edlule, umqondo ongenakuphikiswa womnotho womhlaba wawuwukuthi awukwazi ukwenza okuningi ngaphandle kwe-hamburger yokudla okusheshayo e-United States. Manje i-CEO yenkampani ekhiqiza izimboni ehamba phambili yaseMelika ithi akusona i-Appliance Park esiphelelwe yisikhathiโkusuka kude nolwandle.โ
Kodwa-ke, uFishman okhohlakala ngokumangalisayo uyehluleka ukukala ukusebenza kwe-GE ngokumelene nenkulumo ka-Immelt. Isibonelo, iGeneral ElectricโuFishman ayicaphuna njengophawu lwesenzo sokuthola imaliโyehlise ukuqashwa kwayo kwase-US ngamaphesenti angu-15.8, isuka cishe ku-162,000 ngo-2000 yaya ku-132,000 ngo-2010, ngenkathi yenza ukwanda okuncane kwabasebenzi bayo baphesheya kwezilwandle. Kusukela lapho, i-GE ishintshe indlunkulu yesigaba sayo semishini yezokwelapha yayisa e-China isuka endaweni engaphansi kweMilwaukee, e-Wisconsin, iqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yesimanje izoklanywa futhi yenziwe eChina ngenkathi imboni yaseWisconsin ihoxiswa ekukhiqizeni imishini yakudala. kuze kube yilapho seziphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuphelele, kuphawula uFrank Emspak waseYunivesithi yaseWisconsin.
Ngenkathi u-Immelt ematasa enikeza izinkulumo ngesidingo sokwakha kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwe-US, abangaphansi kwakhe bebelokhu befeza imiyalo yakhe yokuvala izitshalo zaseMelika. โUhlu lwami lokuvala i-GE plant lumi ezimbonini ezingu-32 ezivaliwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi engaba ngu-4,000, kusukela ngo-2008,โ kusho uChris Townsend we-UE. โNgesikhathi abakwa-GE bebhekene nalolu hlu, benqabile ukuxoxa ngalo, futhi izingxoxo ezingekho erekhodini nabasebenzi be-GE ziphakamisa ukuthi lokho kungenxa yokuthi uhlu lwangempela luningi kakhulu kunalokho engikwazile ukukuhlanganisa.โ
Selokhu u-Townsend eqale ukuphawula, ukuvalwa okwengeziwe okuyisishiyagalombili kwezitshalo ze-GE ezweni lonkeโeChicago, ePittsburgh, eHouston, eMinneapolis, eCharlestown, eWest Virginia, nakwezinye ezintathu e-OhioโWarren, Ravenna, Newcomerstownโkumenyezelwe, okuletha isamba. okungenani ukuvalwa kwe-GE okungu-40 kusukela ngo-2008.
Nakuba i-Immelt ingase imemezele ukuthi โayikho into engenakugwenywaโ mayelana nezinkampani zase-US ezilahla ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya,โ kuya kuba sobala ukuthi umfutho wokuthola inzuzo ephezulu ubhebhezela ukuvalwa okwengeziwe. Imisebenzi evela emigqeni emisha yokukhiqiza esanda kumenyezelwa e-Louisville iqhathaniswa negagasi elikhulu kakhulu lokulahleka kwemisebenzi ezikhungweni ze-GE ezweni lonke.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-GE emisebenzini yayo yase-US kungamaphesenti angama-25 nje kuphela emali echithwayo emhlabeni, kusho uLuria. โNgo-2011, i-GE yatshala amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8 emhlabeni jikelele, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili e-US Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Samsungโinkampani elingana ne-GEโyatshala amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2, okuhlanganisa namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili e-US kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-38 ezweni lakubo. .โ
Okubukelwa phansi kakhulu ku-akhawunti ka-Fishman umxhaso okhokhelwayo ophansi kanye nohulumeni wasekhaya ofunwa yi-GE ngaphambi kokuba iphinde itshale e-Appliance Park. Emehlweni e-United Electrical workers' Townsend, amaholo aphansi e-Appliance Park ayingxenye yomzamo oqhubekayo we-GE kanye nezinye izinkampani zase-US ezinenzuzo enkulu yokwehlisa amaholo (bona "Impi Yamaholo," Z, Disemba 2012). Isibonelo, amaholo okuqala ekukhiqizeni e-US aphansi ngamaphesenti angama-50 kunaneminyaka eyisithupha edlule, ngokusho kowayenguNobhala Wezabasebenzi uRobert Reich. Iphelele ngamaphesenti angama-58 emisebenzi edaliwe ekukhokheleni kabusha umnotho phakathi kuka-$7.69 no-$13.83 ngehora (NY Times, 8/31/12). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-GE yazise ngokungagunci i-Townsend nabamele ezinye izinyunyana ukuthi manje isithatha u-$13 ngehora njengeholo โelinokuncintisanaโ.
Njengoba amafemu ase-US ephendukela emazweni anemiholo ephansi ecindezelayo ukuze akhiqize okwengeziwe, imali engenayo e-US iyehla. โEzishintshelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali, amaholo angempela amile noma ehlile. Umholo ojwayelekile wesisebenzi wesilisa ngo-2011 ($32,986) wawuphansi kunalowo owawukhona ngo-1968 ($33,880), ngokusho kwalowo owayengusomnotho omkhulu weBhange Lomhlaba kanye nowawine uMklomelo KaNobel uJoseph Stiglitz (NYT, 1/20/13). E-Louisville, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-GE โkwakuncike ekwehliseni amaholo okubukhali kanye nokuncishiswa kwezinzuzo: abasebenzi abanikezwe ulayini wokushisisa amanzi omusha bazohola ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-60 abasebenzi bomkhakha wesevisi wase-US, kuphawula uchwepheshe wezokukhiqiza uLuria:โ Cishe amaphesenti angama-50 abo yilabo kuphela abahola imindeni yabo abazofanelekela ukuthola izitembu zokudla futhi, kuye ngobukhulu bomndeni, iMedicaid.โ
Lokhu kugcizelela itimu ecwile engxoxweni emayelana nokufakwa kwezinsiza. Ngenkathi osomaqhinga bokuthola imali begcizelela ukubaluleka kokunyuswa kwamaholo aseShayina okwehlisa umehluko nabasebenzi baseMelika, umyalezo wabo ongacacile ufuna abasebenzi base-US ukuthi bamukele amaholo aphansi ukuze baqhubeke nokunciphisa umehluko. U-Luria ugqamisa le nkinga: โCishe zonke izindaba ezijabulisayo eziphathelene nokubuyisela umsebenzi lapha ziyehluleka ukufinyelela esiphethweni esisobala: uma ukukhiqiza 'kubuya' njengemboni ehola kancane, kungani singayifuna? โ
Kanye nokusungulwa kwesakhiwo esisha samaholo obumpofu e-Louisville, i-GE yehlise amaholo abanye abasebenzi embonini yayo engeyona inyunyana iMebane, eNorth Carolina ngamaphesenti angama-45. "Sithole abasebenzi abasha be-GE abaqashwa ekuhlanganiseni umkhiqizo eNew Jersey ngemali ephansi efika ku-$8 ngehora ekupheleni kuka-2012," kubika i-Townsend.
Umfutho ongapheli we-GE wokwehlisa amaholo awudalwe nhlobo umuzwa wokuphelelwa ithemba ngokwezimali. Le nkampani ithole inzuzo engaphezu kuka-$14 billion ngo-2010 no-2011, ngenkathi ikhokha โngo- iningi lamaphesenti amabili enzuzo yalo engaphambi kwentela yase-US engama-$80.2 entela yemali engenayo yenhlangano eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule,โ ngokombiko weCitizen for Tax Justice (2/27/12). I Wall Street Journal kubikwe (1/4/13) ukuthi i-GE ihlela ukutshala ingxenye enkulu yenzuzo yayo engakhokhiswa intela phesheya kwezilwandle: โI-GE yonge u-$8.8 billion 'emisebenzini yomhlaba enentela ephansi,' kusukela ngo-2009-2011, ngokusho kwe-10-K yayo yakamuva. Inkampani iphinde yenza isinqumo ngo-2009 'sokutshala kabusha unomphela umholo wangaphambilini ngaphandle kwase-US'โ Umphathi Omkhulu uJeffrey Immelt wagoduka nesamba esingu-$21,581,228 ngo-2012, ngokusho kuka- I-CEOPayWatch.
I-Master Lock
Imboni enkulu, efana nenqaba i-Master Lock kwelinye lamadolobha amaphakathi ampofu kakhulu eMilwaukeeโeligcwele izimboni ezingenamuntu nemizi ewohlokayoโibikwe kabanzi njengenye indaba yempumelelo yokufuna usizo. Nakuba i-GE ibhekwe uFishman nabanye njengelandela isu lebhizinisi elisha elikhaliphile ngokufaka izicelo, i-Master Lock Corporation eMilwaukee iye yabungazwa njengefemu eye yaqaphela ukubaluleka kwabasebenzi bayo baseMelika njengoba ibuyisela imisebenzi eMilwaukee.
UMongameli u-Obama wahlobanisa ukunikezwa kuka-Master Lock imisebenzi engaba yi-100โkwengama-800 eyayithumele eMexico naseShayinaโnesu lezomnotho eligcwele abantu abaningi asevele waqhela ukulilandela. Ngaphambi kwesixuku esijabulayo sabantu abangaba ngu-1,000โkuhlanganise nezicukuthwane eziningi zendawo kanye nezisebenzi ze-Master Lock ezingaba ngu-400 ze-UAW Local 469โu-Obama wamemezela: โMilwaukee, asibuyele emnothweni obuthakathaka ngenxa yokukhishwa kwemisebenzi nezikweletu ezimbi kanye nenzuzo yezimali yomgunyathi. . Sidinga umnotho owakhiwe ukuze uhlale, owakhelwe phezu kwemikhiqizo yaseMelika, kanye nolwazi lwaseMelika namandla namakhono enziwe eMelika kubasebenzi baseMelika, nokuvuselelwa kwamagugu aseMelika okusebenza kanzima nokudlala ngokungenzeleli kanye nokwabelana ngomthwalo wemfanelo.โ
Kodwa ukuzimisela kwabo bobabili u-Master Lock kanye no-Obama ukubhekana ngokungathรญ sina nokukhishwa kwemisebenzi (igama elivamile lanoma iyiphi inkontileka encane eya kumafemu akhokha kancane elivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana nelebula ethi "offshoring" yokuthuthela imisebenzi ngaphandle kwase-US). U-Obama, isibonelo, wathi izintela zase-US ezinkampanini ziphakathi kweziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni futhi wenza isiphakamiso sokuncishiswa kwentela ezinkampanini ezibuyisela imisebenzi eMelika. Lesi siphakamiso saliziba iqiniso elingalungile lokuthi eziningi zezinkampani ezinkulu zezwe ezithumela imisebenzi phesheya kwezilwandle kakade zikhokha kancane noma azikhokhi lutho ezintela zezinkampani zikahulumeni.
Izinga elilinganiselwe lokuzibophezela kwe-Master Lock ekufakweni kwensiza alibalekanga New York Times ' David Firestone, owaphawula, โKuyajabulisa ukuthi ifekthri yokukhiya manje isisebenza ngokugcwele futhi inabasebenzi abangu-412, kodwa uMnu. Obama ushiye iqiniso elibalulekile: eminyakeni engu-15 edlule ifektri yaseMilwaukee yayiqashe abasebenzi abangu-1,154.โ Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kuka-Obama encoma ukwengezwa kwe-Master Lock kwemisebenzi eyi-100, ezinye izinkampani zombuso ziqhubekile nemisebenzi yaphesheya, izinkampani ezintathu zaseWisconsin zisanda kumemezela amashifu amakhulu e-Mexico kanti eyesine yasabisa ngokuthuthela eMexico uma betelekile. .
Apple kanye Foxconn
I-Apple Corporation ibekezelele isivunguvungu sokugxekwa ngonyaka odlule, abanye begxeka ukungafuni kwayo ukudala amathuba emisebenzi e-US, kodwa igagasi elikhulu kakhulu lombhikisho labhebhezelwa yizimo ezisabekayo kubasebenzi bayo abakhulu, abangu-230,000. usonkontileka omncane iFoxconn, osekwenze inqwaba yabasebenzi ukuthi bazibulale. Kepha i-Fallows ihlinzeka nge-akhawunti eqinisekisayo yezimo zaseFoxconn, itshela abafundi ukuthi i-Apple iphoqa i-Foxconn - abasebenzi bayo abahlanganisa ama-iPhones - ukuthi bathuthukise iholo, banciphise isikhathi esengeziwe, futhi bayeke isimo esicishe sifane nejele abasebenzi abasebenza kanzima emigqeni ye-Foxconn futhi ehlala ezindlini zayo zokulala eziminyene.
I-akhawunti ye-Fallows ene-rose-tinted igxile emininingwaneni engasho lutho njengabasebenzi bakwaFoxconn abangasadingeki ukuthi bagqoke umfaniswano, futhi igwema noma yikuphi ukukhulunywa ngamaqiniso abalulekile angasungula umongo wezinqubomgomo ze-Apple. Isibonelo, i-Fallows ayinaki ukutshela abafundi ukuthi i-Apple yenza inzuzo engu-$400,000 ngomsebenzi ngamunye ngonyaka. Usitshela ukuthi abasebenzi bajabulele ukunyuselwa amaholo kaningana futhi manje sebeholelwa cishe u-$2 ngehora futhi abasabhekene namahora amade esikhathi esengeziwe esiyisibopho.
Kodwa-ke, ngokwemibiko ehlanganiswe yi-Hong Kong-based Students and Scholars against Corporate Misbehavior (SACOM), kanye nemininingwane ehlanganiswe ngu-Isaac Shapiro we-Economic Policy Institute, uFoxconn uyaqhubeka nokwenza ukwephula okusobala ngisho nezindinganiso ezibuthakathaka ezibekwe amaShayina. umthetho. Ikakhulukazi, ukuvikela ngokumelene nesikhathi esengeziwe eseqile .
I-SACOM yaphetha embikweni wangomhla zingama-20 kuSepthemba, โKuyadumaza ukuthi noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe obethulwe i-Apple buthuthuke kangakanani, izinkinga ezindala ezimeni zokusebenza zisala kumnikezeli wayo omkhulu iFoxconn.โ
Kodwa i-Fallows ikushaya indiva noma yikuphi ukushiwo kwemibiko ye-SACOM eyehlisa imiphumela emihle ye-Fair Labor Standards Association esidonse ukunaka kwabezindaba. Khonamanjalo, abezindaba baseMelika bamemezele isinqumo sokudala amathuba emisebenzi angaba ngu-35 okukhiqiza ulayini wekhompyutha wakwa-Apple endaweni yaseSan Francisco, njengoba kumenyezelwe yi-CEO yakwa-Apple u-Tim Cook. Isazi sezabasebenzi uFrank Emspak sihleka usulu, โUkwengeza imisebenzi engama-35 eSan Franciscoโlapho kunemisebenzi yesine yesigidi ehilelekileโakuwona umgomo wokukhiqiza.โ
I-Fallows ibe isidlulela kusethi yeziphakamiso zenqubomgomo ezeqa ngokuphelele isimilo sezinkampani zase-US ezakha impumelelo yazo ekucindezelweni okunonya kwabasebenzi, ukuchotshozwa kwenkululeko yabezindaba, nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Ngokulinganayo, i-Fallows iyiziba amaholo ehla kakhulu namandla okuthenga ezisebenzi zase-US futhi yamukela ngaphandle kokungabaza isimilo sokuhambisa imisebenzi yase-US phesheya kwezilwandle.
Njengoba ingezwa kulezi zinkinga ezibalulekile, i-Fallows ihlongoza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezandisiwe, ngaphandle kokunaka ukwehluleka okubikezelwayo kokuqeqeshwa kabusha lapho ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi yokondla imindeni kukuncane kakhulu futhi kuncipha kancane kancane. Uphinde futhi acele "izingxoxo zokuvula izimakethe" -okungulimi lwezikhulu zezomnotho nezepolitiki zaseMelika, cishe kusho izivumelwano zohwebo zesitayela se-NAFTA njenge-TPP ezikhuthaza ukushintshwa kwemisebenzi eminingi emazweni ahola kancane futhi zinikeze abatshalizimali isikhundla esikhethekile. okuhlobene nohulumeni wentando yeningi.
UFallows, ngendlela ehlanekezelwe, ubonakala ekhuthaza ukuthi, ukuze kugqugquzelwe inkambiso yenganekwane yokufuna imali ayiqambile, ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi eminingi yase-US kufanele kukhuthazwe ngezivumelwano โzokuhweba mahhalaโ. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ubufakazi bokukhiqiza kweMelika "ukubuya" okushiwo yi- Atlanticababhali bavela kutshalomali oluncane lwe-GE e-US olucashunwe nguFishmanโoluncike kumaholo asezingeni lobumpofu kanye noxhaso lukahulumeniโngokumelene nesizinda esikhulu se-GE enciphisa ukuqashwa kwayo ekhaya nokwakha amandla ayo okukhiqiza phesheya kwezilwandle.
Ngenkathi uFishman, amaFallows, kanye ne Atlantic tshela abafundi ukuthi ukusimama kwezimboni kusendleleni lapho imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ibuyela e-US, bachezukisa ukunaka ezindlekweni zomuntu zokuphuma kwezimboni okuqhubekayo okuqhutshwa ukwanda kwenzuzo. Lokhu kuphuma kwemisebenzi kunemiphumela elimazayo kubasebenzi nasemiphakathini.
UChris Hedges uyabhala Izinsuku zokubhubha, Izinsuku zokuhlubuka, โZonke izingxenye zamadolobha ase-US, ngenxa yekhono lokuthumela izinto ezikhiqizwa phesheya kwezilwandle, zingamadolobha ayizimboni. Izindleko zomuntu zalokhu kusesha okungapheli kwenzuzo enkulu azilokothi zifakwe kumakhasi ebhalansi ezinkampani. Uma umsebenzi wasejele noma umsebenzi wokuziphilisa eChina noma eNdiya noma eVietnam ubenza imali eyengeziwe, uma kungenzeka ukuqasha izisebenzi ezikhungweni zokujuluka zaseBangladesh ngamasenti angu-22 ngehora, izinhlangano zilandela lo mqondo omubi esiphethweni sawo.โ
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URoger Bybee ungumbhali ozimele ozinze eMilwaukee kanye noprofesa ovakashele eNyuvesi yase-Illinois. Izihloko zakhe zivele ku Amadola kanye neSense, lo Ukuqhubeka phambili, nezinye izincwadi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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