I-Corporate GOP Intransigence
Futhi iDemocrats 'Craven Passivity
Omunye kaDkt. Martin Luther King'Izitatimende ezikhumbuleka kakhulu nezikhuthazayo—“Umugqa womkhathi wokuziphatha mude, kodwa ugobela ebulungiswa”—ubonakala ngokwanda njengethemba elinzima lamashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika ngo-2013.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaKing, inhlangano yezimboni-yezinyunyana enesibindi, edelelayo yama-1930s kanye ne-Afrika. Amalungelo abantu baseMelika umnyakazo owasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nawo-1960 waphoqa izikhungo ezinkulu zaseMelika ukuthi zandise amathuba futhi zandise intando yeningi ukuze zilethe amaqembu ayevalelekile ngaphambili nampofu. Kepha okwamanje, sibhekene nokungaguquki kwesitayela sekhulu le-19 kwabaningi ababusayo baseMelika kanye nabaningi babo.kuyazwakala ababambisene ngaphakathi kwe-Republican Party, ene-Democratic Party enganakile futhi ehlukene emile.
Kulesi simo sezombangazwe, isigaba esibusayo saseMelika sibonakala sikhululekile ukulahla wonke amanani nezibopho, ngaphandle kokwandisa inzuzo. Njengoba uColin Leys aphawula ku Ipolitiki Eqhutshwa Izimakethe, "Umphakathi ulolongwa ngezindlela ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokuqongelela imali esikhundleni sezinye izindlela." Ngokufanayo, umufi uSir James Goldsmith, nakuba ayengusozigidi, wayeshaqekile ngendlela izimpilo zabantu ezihlanekezelwa ngayo ukuze zisebenzele umphakathi. Ezomnothoumyalo odinga okwengeziwe futhi ulethe okuncane kwabaningi: “Ezinsukwini ezinkulu zase-USA, uHenry Ford wathi ufuna ukukhokhela izisebenzi zakhe amaholo aphezulu ukuze zibe amakhasimende akhe futhi zithenge izimoto zakhe. Namuhla siyaziqhenya ngokuthi sikhokha amaholo amancane.
“Sesikhohliwe ukuthi umnotho uyithuluzi lokusebenzela izidingo zomphakathi. Inhloso enkulu yomnotho ukudala ukuchuma…hhayi okuphambene. Inhloso enkulu yomnotho ukudala ukuchuma ngozinzo.”
Ngokungafani ne-Goldsmith, imikhakha ehamba phambili yenhloko-dolobha yaseMelika ibona umnotho njengethuluzi lokuzicebisa, kuyilapho iMelika ibuyisela umhlaba odla izinja wobungxiwankulu bekhulu le-19, lapho ingcebo namalungelo ezomnotho kwakuyisifundazwe esikhethekile sabantu abacebile nabacebile kakhulu. ababambisene nabo nalapho amazwi ezisebenzi angawodwa ayengashaywa indiva kalula. Ngokwezinga lapho lokhu kubuyiselwa kokuseduze-okuphelele amandla ayikwazi ukufezwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-U.S., abaphathi be-CEO baseMelika bazimisele ukusesha izindawo ezingaphandle kwe-U.S. lapho amalungelo abasebenzi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nezinye izimpumelelo zentando yeningi yase-U.S. zingami endleleni yokwandisa inzuzo.
Sibona umnotho wanda ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi yesikhashana, ukukhishwa kwezigidi zemisebenzi yase-US ezizweni ezinemiholo ephansi, ukucindezela okukhulu kokwehlisa amaholo kanye izinzuzo, kanye nomzamo ovuselelwe wokuqeda ngokuphelele inhlangano yezinyunyana eseyehlisiwe kakade yaba ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zamaphesenti angu-35 abasebenzi eyayibamele ngawo-1950. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho amaphesenti angu-1 acebe kakhulu asusa amaphesenti angu-24 ayo yonke imali engenayo yonyaka e-U.S., kukhona umfutho okhulayo phakathi kwabaholi bezinkampani nabalingani babo bezombusazwe ukuze baqhubeke nokunciphisa umthwalo wentela owandayo othwalwa izinkampani zase-U.S. kanye nabanikazi bamasheya abakhulu kakhulu.
Kunokuba i-American Dream ifinyeleleke emphakathini wethu owengeziwe, sihlaselwa ukuncipha okukhulu kwemisebenzi esekela imindeni. Imali engenayo kanye nengcebo enkulu yaseMelika igxile kakhulu phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-1 aphezulu, kangangokuthi INcwadi Yonyaka ye-CIA ihlanganisa neminye yemiphakathi engalingani kakhulu. UTimothy Noah kaSlate, kwethi “United States of Inequality,” wabhala, “Ukwabiwa kwemali engenayo e-United States [kuye] kungalingani kakhulu kunaseGuyana, eNicaragua, naseVenezuela, futhi kucishe kulingane ne-Uruguay, Argentina, ne-Ecuador.” Iphesenti elingu-1 elicebe kakhulu lathatha amaphesenti angama-93 enzuzo yemali engenayo ngo-2010 kanye namaphesenti angama-122 angajwayelekile (okusho ukuthi baphuce imali engenayo eyaba ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-99). Kodwa kubantu abaningi, "imali engenayo yaminyaka yonke yaminyaka yonke yabantu abaningi yehle yafinyelela ku-$51,584 ngoJanuwari 2013 isuka ku-$54,000 ngo-2008," kubika uThomas Byrne Edsall (NYT, 3/6/13). Amaholo ase-US ehle ngamaphesenti angu-1.1 kuzwelonke ezinyangeni ezingu-12 eziphela ngoSepthemba 2012, kanti ezinye izifundazwe—njengeWisconsin, lapho amaholo omkhakha ozimele ehle ngamaphesenti angu-2.2—ashaywa kakhulu.
Lolu hlelo lwezepolitiki oseluvele lutshekile manje selunikeza amandla amakhulu nakakhulu kuma-CEO kanye nalo lonke “isigaba sabaxhasi” ezindabeni ezibucayi, kwehlisa ngempumelelo iningi lezakhamizi ekubeni lingabi khona. Usosayensi wezepolitiki wasePrinceton uMartin Gilens, encwadini yakhe yakamuva, Ukuceba kanye Nethonya: Ukungalingani Kwezomnotho namandla Ezombusazwe, okusekelwe ekuhloleni amakhulu ezindaba zombuso, kwaholela kulesi siphetho mayelana nokuwohloka kwentando yeningi yaseMelika: “Uhulumeni waseMelika uyasabela kulokho okuthandwa umphakathi, kodwa lokho kusabela kuncike kakhulu ezakhamuzini ezicebe kakhulu. Ngempela, ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi, okuthandwa yiningi labantu baseMelika kubonakala sengathi akunawo umthelela ekutheni iziphi izinqubomgomo uhulumeni azenzayo noma angazenzi. ”
Lokhu okutholakele kuboniswe imizamo yakamuva ye-bi-partisan yokususa izingxenye ezibalulekile zebhili ye-Dodd-Frank eshaywe ukuze ulawule uhlobo lwemisebenzi ye-Wall Street kokuphuma kokunye namanye amathuluzi ezezimali angacacile okuholele ekubhidlikeni kwe-Wall Street ngo-2008, okudale ibheyili. yamabhange avezwe “njengamakhulu kakhulu ukuthi angahluleka.” Nakuba abaningi ababukele bebonwa njengabanamahloni kakhulu, umkhankaso onesibindi ngokuphawulekayo uyaqhubeka wokuwenza buthaka kakhulu umthethosivivinywa, njengoba kuchazwe ku-N.Y Izikhathi(5/23/13):“Abameleli bamabhange abakushiyeli kubenzi bomthetho ukuthi babhale umthetho othambisa imithetho yezezimali. Kunalokho, abakwa-lobbyists bayasiza ekuzibhaleni ngokwabo. Njengophawu lwethonya elivela kabusha leWall Street eWashington, izincomo zeCitigroup zibonakale emigqeni engaphezu kuka-70 yomthethosivivinywa wekomidi leNdlu onemigqa engama-85. " Izigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile, ezilungiswe yiCitigroup ngokuhlanganyela namanye amabhange aseWall Street, zikopishwe cishe igama negama. (Abenzi bomthetho bashintsha amagama amabili ukuze bawenze ubuningi.)
Ukuma kwamanje okunolaka kwesigaba sezinkampani ekumelaneni cishe nanoma yiziphi izinguquko kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi kumangalisa ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa isikhathi esizolile cishe sango-1940 kuya maphakathi nawo-1970 lapho izinkampani eNyakatho-mpumalanga, eMidwest, naseWest Coast zamukela izinyunyana nezinyunyana. balungisa izimfuno zabo ukuze banciphise izindaba zamaholo, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusebenza, belahla izindaba ezibalulekile ezihilela ukulawula ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nendawo yezitshalo. Phambilini, izibhelu zabasebenzi ngeminyaka yawo-1930 zaveza isithombe esibi konxiwankulu, abasebenzi bethatha amafekthri ngesikhathi sesiteleka “sokuhlala phansi”, okukhombisa amandla omphakathi lapho abanikazi bezinkampani ezinkulu besuswa unomphela ngabasebenzi ngokwabo. Umphumela wakamuva ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwe-New Deal ka-Franklin Delano Roosevelt kwaba ukwamukela izinyunyana ngokunqikaza kwezinkampani, lapho ibhizinisi elatholwa njengembuyiselo kwaba amasheke aphezulu—okugcine kwaphumela emakethe yasekhaya eqinile kanye nenzuzo enkulu—kanye nezisebenzi zigcina izigwegwe kumalungu azo, kuvimbela “ iziteleka ze-wildcat” nokunye ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza.
Lesi “sivumelwano senhlalo”—isivumelwano esingakahleleki—siphinde sabandakanya izinkampani ezikhokha izintela ezidingekayo kubasebenzi abafundile nabanempilo, kanye nokuthatha indima enkulu (kanye nokuzicabangela yona) ekuhleleni izinguquko ezidingekayo kumphakathi namaphrojekthi engqalasizinda. Ukuthi iDemocrat noma iRiphabhulikhi yayiphethe isikhundla sobumongameli, ukunakwa okuyinhloko kwanikelwa ezimfuno zabaholi bezinkampani, kodwa inhlalakahle yomphakathi ebanzi nayo yaqashelwa njengebalulekile kuntando yeningi nokuzinza komphakathi.
Kodwa maphakathi nawo-1970—inyakaziswa ukuvela kungazelelwe kokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokwenyuka okukhulu kwentengo kawoyela, kanye negagasi lesiteleka phakathi kwezisebenzi zase-U.S. ezivukela amaholo ancishwa amandla okwehla kwamandla emali kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezinobushiqela abaholi bezinkampani baqala ukuhlasela. Izinkampani azisaboshiwe nganoma yimuphi umuzwa wesibopho kubasebenzi nasemiphakathini, futhi akukho ukungabaza ukuthi okuwukuphela kwenjongo yezinkampani eziholayo ukukhulisa inzuzo. Uma zihlanganiswa, izinguquko ezamukelwa yizinkampani ezinkulu ziyamangaza.
Into eyaziwa ngokuthi “iCaterpillar Capitalism”—efuna izisebenzi ezinkulu zemvume naphezu kwenzuzo enkulu—iya isabalele phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu. Naphezu kwenzuzo enkulu, iCaterpillar yehlisa amaholo kanye nezinye izindleko zabasebenzi ngendlela ehlelekile nangonya. Ngo-2012, i-Caterpillar Corporation yaphoqa isiteleka eside eJoliet, e-Illinois. Naphezu kokuthola inzuzo erekhodiwe ngo-2011 nango-2012, inkampani yafuna ukumiswa komholo weminyaka engu-6, nakuba yayinenzuzo engu-$39,000 ngomsebenzi ngamunye ngonyaka odlule. Isikhulu esiphezulu seCaterpillar, uDouglas Oberhelmer, okuyimbangela yezidingo zokuncishiswa kwamaholo kanye nezinzuzo, uzuze mathupha amaphesenti angama-60 esinxephezelweni sakhe, safinyelela ku-$16.9 million. Ngokufanayo, i-GE—eyazuza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-14.2 ngo-2010 kuyilapho ingakhokhi intela yenhlangano—iphinde yazisa abasebenzi ukuthi ibheka amaRandi ayi-13 ngehora njengeholo lokuncintisana kwezokukhiqiza.
Ukuqeda Umsebenzi
Izinyunyana manje zingamaphesenti angu-7.9 nje abasebenzi bezinkampani ezizimele futhi ubulungu bezinyunyana bubonke busezingeni eliphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engama-76, zimele amaphesenti ayi-11.3 kuphela abasebenzi base-US. Lezi zibalo ezingezinhle zibonisa impi eqhubekayo emelene nokuhlelwa kwezinyunyana, enye eyenziwe yaba nokwenzeka ngoba, njengoba uRobert Bruno, umqondisi weNyuvesi yase-Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign's Labour Education Programme, echaza, “Sinomthetho wezabasebenzi obuthaka kakhulu kanye nokuqiniswa komthetho wezabasebenzi wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga anezimboni.” Lokhu kudilika kusongela ukukhula kubi kakhulu njengoba izifunda ezifana neWisconsin nezinye zibeka izithiyo ezinkulu zokugcina izinyunyana zikahulumeni kanye neMichigan kanye ne-Indiana bemukela ilungelo lokusebenza imithetho evimbela izinyunyana ukuthi zikhokhise abasebenzi imali noma imali elinganayo ngezindleko zokuvikela imisebenzi yabo nokumela. nabo ezingxoxweni.
NgokukaChristopher Martin, umbhali we Kufakwe uzimele! Onyakeni ojwayelekile ofana no-2005, abangaphansi kwezi-31,358 ababevumelana nezinyunyana baxoshwa ngokungemthetho. Lapho abasebenzi bezokukhiqiza befuna ukuhlela inyunyana, amaphesenti angama-70 ale mikhankaso yezinyunyana ahlangabezana nezinsongo zokuthuthela eMexico noma kwenye indawo, ngokusho kukaCornell uSolwazi Kate Bronfenbrenner, umbhali wencwadi ethi. Akukho Ukubamba Okuvinjelwe.
As Iviki Lebhizinisi (5/23/94) kubikwe ngokunembile, “Imboni yase-US yenze enye yezimpi eziphikisana nezinyunyana eziphumelele kakhulu, ixosha izinkulungwane zabasebenzi ngokungemthetho ngokusebenzisa ilungelo labo lokuhlela.” Le “mpi” iphinde yafaka nokucekelwa phansi kwelungelo lokuteleka, njengoba abaqashi base-US bevunyelwe ukuletha “utwayi” abasebenzi. Ukuthunyelwa kwalokhu kushintsha phakathi neziteleka eGreyhound, International Paper, Phelps- Dodge, Hormel, Eastern Airlines, Detroit News, kanye neCaterpillar, phakathi kokunye, kubangele ukuthi izinyunyana zilahle iziteleka njengendlela yokulinganisa inkundla nabaphathi. Ngo-1950, kwaba neziteleka ezingu-470 ezihilela izisebenzi eziyinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu; ngo-1,000, 2009 nje.
Shift Ukusuka Ekwenzeni Inqubomgomo Uye Ekuphangeni
Bobabili i-GE kanye ne-General Motors bobabili bagweme ukuthatha isinyathelo nge-Affordable Care Act (“Obamcare”) eyaphasiswa ngo-2010, ngokusho komqondisi wezepolitiki we-United Electrical Radio and Machine Workers uChris Townsend. Ukuzicabangela kwabo ngokwabo kulolu daba kuzobonakala kukhulu kakhulu: I-GE inesigaba esikhulu semishini yezempilo kanye nabasebenzi basezindlini ababalelwa ku-130,00, kuyilapho uGM sekuyisikhathi eside ekhokha u-$4 ngehora ngaphezulu ezimotweni ezikhiqizwa e-U.S. esikhundleni saseCanada. Ukuhoxa kwalaba badlali ababili abakhulu kumelele ushintsho oluyisisekelo kumbono wamafemu aholayo kuhulumeni wobumbano.
Esikhathini esedlule, i-GM kanye ne-GE bebenesikhathi eside bebambe iqhaza ekubumbeni izinqubomgomo zesikhathi eside zikahulumeni ezinkundleni eziningi ezingaphandle kobudlelwane bezemisebenzi, kusukela kwezenhlalakahle kuya kwezokuvikela, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezemfundo.
Nakuba bedlala indima yobaba, enkulu, kanye nethonya elingenantando yeningi, nokho babebheke ukuqinisa imakethe yabathengi yasekhaya, ukunxenxa abasebenzi ngokwezinga nefayela kanye nokwenqaba ezinye izindlela zomnotho ezingezona ezimakethe, ukuhlinzeka bona kanye nezinye izimboni umthombo onokwethenjelwa wabasebenzi abafundile nabanempilo enhle, nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza komphakathi ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekugcinweni nasekukhuliseni indawo yomphakathi yemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa yabasebenzi, ekukhethweni kokubambisana kwabaholi base-Afrika-baseMelika.
Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ngokugcwele yezinkampani ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukugwema ukukhokha noma yiziphi izintela zenhlangano. Naphezu kwalokhu kuhlukumeza okusobala kwesistimu yentela, umfutho uyanda ngisho nezintela eziphansi zebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi enzuzweni etholwa phesheya. Ezingeni likahulumeni, izinkampani ezinkulu zithola uxhaso lwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-80 kulo lonke elase-U.S., ngokochungechunge lukaLouise Story ku- New York Times.
Esikhathini esidlule, izigaba ezikhanyiselwe kakhulu zezinkampani eziphakeme zabona isidingo sokuguqulwa kwezenhlalakahle kanye nezinhlelo zikahulumeni zokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezenhlalakahle zesikhathi eside nokumpompa amandla okusebenzisa imali asekhaya ase-U.S.
Isazi sezomnotho uJeffrey Faux sibhala ku I-Global Class War: "Ama-CEO nabanikazi abakhulu bezinkampani abanqamule, noma abasezinhlelweni zokunqamula, isiphetho sabo kwabaseMelika abanantshisekelo yokukhokha izintela ezengeziwe ukuze benze umphakathi abawushiyayo uqhudelane."
Lokhu kunemithelela eminingi ngale kokuhoxa ekudlaleni indima yobuholi ekusingatheni izinkinga zomphakathi zesikhathi eside. Kusho futhi ukulahlekelwa ukuzithakasela kwakho ekukhuliseni amandla okuthenga ekhaya. Umkhuba osafufusa owokwehliswa kwamaholo e-U.S. futhi esikhundleni salokho uthembele kumaphesenti ayishumi acebe kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka njengeMexico, iChina, i-India neBrazil ukuthenga imikhiqizo yalezi zinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe.
offshoring
Indlela ebambekayo yokuhlukana kwezinkampani wukudluliswa okukhulu kwemisebenzi yokondla imindeni—imvamisa ehlanganiswe ndawonye—kuya emazweni aneholo eliphansi lapho amalungelo abasebenzi ecindezelwa khona, njengeMexico neChina. “Amaphesenti angaba ngu-50 ayo yonke imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa yi-U.S. manje asemazweni angaphandle, futhi amaphesenti angu-25 enzuzo yezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ase-U.S. akhiqizwa phesheya—futhi amasheya akhula ngokushesha,” ngokusho kwesazi sezomnotho uJeff Faux.
Abasebenzi kanye nemiphakathi yaseMelika ilahlekelwe yimisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-4.9 kanye nokuvalwa kwamafekthri acishe abe ngu-50,000 selokhu kwaqala ukusebenza isivumelwano seNorth America Free Trade ngo-1994, kusho umqondisi weGlobal Trade Watch u-Lori Wallach. Umthelela walokhu kuvalwa kwemigwaqo uhlasela amadolobha emboni, okuholela ekwenyukeni okungabikezelwa kodlame lomndeni nolwasemigwaqo, ukuwohloka kwempilo engokomzimba nengqondo, nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zomphakathi.
Kepha abaholi bezinkampani babonakala bezibophezele ngokuphelele ekushintsheni eminye imisebenzi ngaphandle kolwandle. Isazi sezomnotho sasePrinceton u-Alan Blinder sibale ukuthi imisebenzi efinyelela ezigidini ezingama-42 echwepheshile yase-US—kusuka ezinhlelweni zekhompiyutha kuya ekubhalweni kwezokwelapha kuya ku-accounting—“ayifinyeleleki kakhulu” ezindaweni ezineholo eliphansi njengeChina, i-India kanye nezizwe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu.Wall Street Journal, 3/28/07).
Esimeni esisha, abaholi bezinkampani bebethule ngokuphawulekayo mayelana nezinsongo zeRiphabhulikhi zentando yeningi ngokunciphisa amalungelo okuvota ezingeni likahulumeni, nenani lezifundazwe ezibuswa yiRiphabhulikhi ezamukela izinhlelo ezintsha “zokuhlonza abavoti” kanye nemikhawulo ekuvoteni kusenesikhathi, izindlela ezamukelwa ngokusobala angakukhuthazi ukuvota kwezifunda ezincike kuDemocratic Alliance okuhlanganisa abase-Afrika-baseMelika, abaseLatinos, abantu abadala abampofu kanye nabafundi basekolishi. Abameli balezi ziphakamiso babenesibindi ngokuphawulekayo ekumemezeleni inhloso yabo, njengalapho i-Pennsylvania Republican imemezela ngokuziqhenya ukuthi imingcele emisha yabavoti izosiza ekukhetheni u-Mitt Romney ngo-2012. Imizamo eqinile yokukhawulela ukuvota yehlulekile ukukhiqiza umphumela owawufiswa, njengoba abantu base-Afrika baseMelika empeleni bebonisa. phezulu okhethweni ngenani eliphakeme kunabamhlophe okokuqala ngqa emlandweni waseU.S.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela abavoti ngaleyo ndlela zehlulekile ukunqanda igagasi labavoti futhi ngaleyo ndlela zavimba intando yomphakathi okhethweni lukamongameli, u-Obama ephumelela ngokuphazima kweso. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo oluningiliziwe lokuhlanganisa kabusha izifundazwe eziningi olubizwa nge-REDSTATE, oludidiyelwe uMkhandlu Wesifunda Somthetho waseRiphabhulikhi, lukhiqize ukubunjwa kabusha okudabukisayo kwezifunda zomthetho ze-Congressional kanye nezifunda ukuze ithonya leRiphabhulikhi lenziwe ihaba kakhulu. Ezingeni leCongressional, abangenele ukhetho kuDemocratic House baqoqe amavoti angaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-1.75 kunabaqokelwe amaRepublican. Nokho ngamavoti eDemokhrasi ahlukaniswe ngendlela efanele aba yizifunda ezintsha eziklanywe abaholi bezomthetho baseRiphabhulikhi ukuze banciphise umthelela wabo, amaRiphabhulikhi aguqule ukushoda kwawo kumavoti kwaba yinani elehlayo lezihlalo ezingama-33 e-U.S. House.
Naphezu kokushisekela kwawo, amaRiphabhulikhi aphumelele ukubusa i-ajenda yesizwe ngenxa yokungantengantengi, isiyalo sokukhiya phakathi kwezinhlaka zawo zengqungquthela kanye nokuqina kwawo ekuvimbeni okuningi kwe-ajenda ka-Obama kanye nabaningi babaqokiwe abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kanye nokuvimba izinguquko ezinesizotha kakhulu okuhloswe ngazo ukusiza imindeni esebenzayo eNdlu ngeningi layo elidalwe ngokungeyona intando yeningi, amaRiphabhlikhi asebenzise inqubo ye-filibuster eSenate ukuze adinge amavoti angama-60 ezindabeni ezijwayelekile. " Amademokhrasi kuye kwadingeka aqede ama-filibusters aseRiphabhulikhi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-360, irekhodi eliyingqophamlando, "njengoba kwaphawula uJulian Zelizer we-CNN (5/21/12).
Ngakho-ke i-Republican Party ayisabonwa yilabo ababekade beyizinkakha zeqembu njengokhetho lukamongameli lwango-1996 kanye nosenesikhathi eside waseKansas uBob Dole. Nakuba kudala ethathwa njengomuntu oqinile, uDole wasekela uMthetho Wamanzi Ahlanzekile, uMthetho Wezilwane Ezisengozini, uMthetho Wokuhlukunyezwa Kwabesifazane, uMthetho Wamalungelo Okuvota, izitembu zokudla kanye noMthetho Wabantu BaseMelika Abakhubazekile—konke osekuyizisulu zokudelelwa. amaRiphabhulikhi amasha. Engxoxweni abe nayo neFox News yophiko lwesokudla, uDole uthe, "Silapha ukuzoveza imibono yethu ezindabeni futhi senze konke esingakwenza ukuze kuzuze izwe futhi sivumele inqubo iqhubeke."
Kuleli qembu lamanje le-Republican Party, ngisho nosanta u-Ronald Reagan angase abe nobunzima bokungena. Nakuba ukudubula kuka-Reagan abalawuli bomoya benhlangano abayizi-11,000 ngo-1981 kwakuwuphawu oluwujuqu kubaholi bezinkampani eMelika yonkana mayelana nezinga elisha lokuziphatha ezinyunyaneni, uReagan waqhubeka nokho. ukusekela ilungelo lokumelela inyunyana futhi bacindezelwa ukuba semthethweni kwenyunyana yeSolidarity yasePoland. Ngokuphambene, uMbusi waseNingizimu Carolina u-Nikki Haley umemezele, "Singakwazi futhi sizokwenza okwengeziwe ukuvikela amabhizinisi aseNingizimu Carolina ngokukhanyisa lokho kukhanya kuzo zonke izenzo ezithathwa yizinyunyana .... Futhi sizokwenza izinyunyana ziqonde kahle ukuthi azidingeki, azifunwa, futhi azamukelekile esifundazweni saseNingizimu Carolina. ”
Isimo sengqondo sika-Haley kanye namanye amaRiphabhulikhi angaleso sikhathi njengoMbusi waseWisconsin uScott Walker simelela umehluko ophawulekayo ekuvumelaneni kwezwe okubheka izinyunyana njengengxenye emaphakathi yentando yeningi yaseMelika. Inhloso yabo enkulu yomthetho ibonakala ivimba noma yisiphi isenzo esihle sika-Obama sokubhekana nokungaqashwa okuphezulu nokucwila kwamaholo.
Kodwa-ke, i-ajenda kanye namasu ka-Obama kanye namaDemocrats kulezi zindaba ezibucayi zezomnotho aziphoqeleli. U-Obama ushaye indiva imizwa yomphakathi futhi wahlangana nama-CEO e-Caterpillar kanye nogesi jikelele kanye nama-titans e-Wall Sreet. U-Obama uye waqikelela ukugwema ukucasula “isigaba sabaxhasi” sabaphathi bezinkampani futhi ngaleyo ndlela wehluleka ukubhekana nezinkinga eziqhubekayo zokuwa kweholo kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuqhubekayo. Isu lika-Obama ezindabeni ezibalulekile liqinise abaphikisi bakhe ngenkathi lidumaza abasekeli bakhe.
Ngisho no New York Times (2/4/13)—okungesona neze isikhulu sabasebenzi—esiceleni ukuthi u-Obama agxile enkingeni esabalele yokwehla kwamaholo, wamjezisa ngamazwi ahlabayo, ethi “ukwesekwa kwabaphathi kwezinyunyana bekuyinkulumo-mpikiswano kuneqiniso. I Times wanezela ngokucacile, “Esikhathini sakhe sokuqala—isikhathi sokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphikelelayo, ukukhula okuntekenteke kwemisebenzi, amaholo antengantengayo nokungalingani kweholo elikhulayo—uMnu. U-Obama ushaye indiva i-ajenda yezabasebenzi.” Lokhu mhlawumbe kuboniswe ngokuyihlazo kakhulu lapho u-Obama kanye nabakhulumeli bakhe behluleka ukukhuluma besekela amalungelo abasebenzi bakahulumeni abahlaselwa nguMbusi waseWisconsin uScott Walker.
Nakuba u-Obama kanye namaDemocrats bephazanyiswa phambi kwezomthetho ngenxa yekhono lamaRepublicans lokusebenzisa ukubusa kwabantu abambalwa abangenantando yeningi kuCongress, bebengafuni ukukhuluma ngenkani ngokumelene nokuncishiswa kwamaholo nokulwela amalungelo kanye namazinga okuphila okusebenza. abantu. U-Obama kanye namaDemocrat aholayo abenzanga lutho olunesibindi njengokuchaza uhlelo lokwakha kabusha ingqalasizinda yaseMelika kanye nokukhuphula umholo omncane.
Izinyathelo zokumisa ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi azibhekwa njengento engathi sína, futhi u-Obama ubukela phansi umfutho wemithetho ebuthaka emelene ne-offshoring ngokusabalalisa insumansumane yokuthi iMelika ithola imvuselelo yokukhiqiza “ngokufaka imali.” Bonke ngaphandle kwedlanzana lamaDemocrats anenqubekela phambili yehlulekile ukugwema ukucekelwa phansi kwamalungelo ezinyunyana noma ukuhlanganisa iningi lomphakathi elimelene nokukhishwa kwemisebenzi.
Kwesobunxele Kufanele Kunikeze Ingcindezi
Ukwehluleka kwamaDemocrats ukunikeza enye indlela ehambisanayo emiphumeleni eqhubekayo yokuwohloka okukhulu komnotho kubantu abasebenzayo kubeke umthwalo ophuthumayo e-US. kwesokunxele, futhi ngaphandle kokukhuphuka kwabasebenzi ewisconsin kanye nokunyakaza kwe-occupy, kwesokunxele asikwazanga ukuba nomthelela omkhulu kwezombusazwe zase-US eminyakeni yamuva. Isazi sezomnotho uWilliam K. Tabb, umlobi wencwadi ethi: “Inxele alizange lisebenze njengamandla angempela ngakwesobunxele sika-Obama. Indlovu ye-Amoral:Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga yonke kanye Nomzabalazo Wobulungiswa Ngekhulu Lama-21 kanye neminye imisebenzi yokuthi umnotho womhlaba ubathinta kanjani abantu abasebenzayo. "AmaRiphabhulikhi abedlala isu elihlakaniphile ngakwesokunene sika-Obama, ebhidliza yonke imithetho nokusebenza kukahulumeni ukuze izinkinga zezomnotho zizosolwa yi-GOP ku-Obama." Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, "Isigaba kuphela esibalulekile. yisigaba esiphezulu.”
Ngaphandle kokuthi abeNxele bahlele ngempumelelo ezindabeni ezinjengokwehla kwamaholo abasebenzi, ukufundiswa kwabafundi okungafinyeleleki, ukudilizwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nentela engafanele, “Sizoqhubeka nokubona amazinga empilo ephansi kumaphesenti angama-80 noma angama-90 abantu,” kusho. Ithebhu. “Asikho isizathu sokuthi ukonakala kume. Akukho phansi ekuwohlokeni”—ngaphandle kwalapho abeNxele bengadalula ngempumelelo izikhalo ezisabalele futhi bahlanganise. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibucayi zamanje, “Uma sifundisa abantu, bazoqonda futhi bathuthe,” kubikezela uTabb.
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URoger Bybee ungumbhali ozinze eMilwaukee ezindabeni zezabasebenzi kanye nomfundisi wezifundo zezabasebenzi eRutgers naseNyuvesi yase-Illinois.
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