Ngenkathi uSara Steffens eyintatheli esencane evela e-Oakland, wasiza asebenza nabo e- Contra Costa Times ukwakha iyunithi entsha yezingxoxo ze-Newspaper Guild. Njengabanye abasebenzi ababambe iqhaza ekuhleleni namuhla ku I-Apple, i-Amazon, noma i-Starbucks, wakhokha inani lakhe ngalokho. Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kwevoti lenyunyana eliyimpumelelo ephepheni, uSteffens waxoshwa eziphindiselela ngobushoshovu bakhe bezabasebenzi.
Noma kunjalo, ngoJuni, 2009, i-Bay Area News Group, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiphethwe yingcweti yezindaba uDean Singleton, yasayina inkontileka yokuqala ehlanganisa amalungu e-Guild Times. Ngaphesheya kwetafula kubaphathi, beveza leso sivumelwano, kwaba "umhlukumezi wenyunyana" ababezama ukuyisusa. Njengomxoxisi weGuild, uSteffens wakwazi ukukhulisa amaholo amancane, waqinisekisa inkokhelo yokuyekiswa, futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxoshwa kwesikhathi esizayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo kungachithwa umxazululi ongathathi hlangothi.
Ukuhlela kuka-Steffens nesipiliyoni sokuqala senkontileka kwamfaka endleleni entsha yokusebenza kusukela eminyakeni engu-14 yobuntatheli kuya emsebenzini wesikhathi esigcwele ne-Communications Workers of America (CWA), inyunyana ye-AFL-CIO ehlanganisa i-NewsGuild. Irekhodi lakhe elalandela njengommeli wenkundla kulo lonke elaseCalifornia futhi owaba nguNobhala-Mgcinimafa we-CWA eWashington, DC limbeke esikhundleni sokuba ngumongameli kazwelonke wokuqala wesifazane wenyunyanaโuma ekwazi ukushaya abanye ababili ababegaqele lesi sikhundla.
USteffens ubebuyile endaweni yase-Bay muva nje, egqugquzela ukwesekwa kwabantu bendawo be-CWA abazobamba iqhaza emhlanganweni kaJulayi 10-12 eSt Louis. Lapho, izithunywa ezikhethiwe ezilinganiselwa ku-1,000, ezimele abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-360,000, zizokhetha phakathi kwakhe namanye amalungu amabili ebhodi lesigungu esiphezulu se-CWA. Lolu kuzoba wukhetho lokuqala lukamongameli lwenyunyana kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950. Futhi abagqugquzeli bokuvuselelwa kwezinyunyana, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-CWA, babheke umjaho, uma kubhekwa imiphumela emihle yokhetho lwangaphakathi lwakamuva e-United Auto Workers (UAW) kanye ne-Teamsters, lapho abaguquli bawine izikhundla eziphezulu zobuholi.
Ukukhulisa I-Union
Abaholi bendawo eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke ze-CWA, amalungu angu-9,500, Abasebenzi baseNyuvesi base-UC base-UC-based Professional and Technical Employees. (UPTE) usevele uvotele ukugunyaza u-Steffens. Umongameli wayo omusha uDan Russell, oyilungu le-East Bay DSA nomsekeli wezizathu ezifana ne-Labour Notes and Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU), utusa ukuzibophezela kwakhe โekukhuliseni inyunyana,โ ngokunikeza izinsiza ezengeziwe zokuhlela kwangaphandle nangaphakathi.
Ekhuluma e-Oakland ngo-Ephreli 23, uSteffens wavuma ukuthi โuchithe iminyaka eminingi ezwa sengathi umbutho wabasebenzi usemilenzeni yawo yokugcina, kunezingxoxo zemvumelwano eziningi ezinyunyaneni eziningi. Ngazizwa sengathi sizohlale singabantu abaphansi, kodwa akusenjalo manje.โ
Ukuvuselelwa kwakamuva kwezempi yabasebenzi kufakazele, wathi, "kufanele sizimisele futhi sikwazi ukugadla, lapho kunengqondo. Yileso sikhathi esikuso.โ Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, uSteffens uthembise ukuthi i-CWA izoqhubeka nokuba โyinyunyana enezishoshovu, yentando yeningi, nethuthukayo.โ Kepha, uthi, lokho kuzodinga imizamo yangaphakathi yokuhlela njengokuqasha abaphathi bezitolo abengeziwe (imisebenzi yabo engase ihlanganise nokubhalisa abasebenzi abangu-50,000 abamelwe yi-CWA kodwa bangakhokhi intela. "Open shop" amayunithi emkhakheni wangasese noma womphakathi).
Umlando womuntu ka-Steffens kanye nomkhankaso wakhe ugxile ekwakheni โamandla abasebenziโ kusuka ngezansi kuyamehlukanisa, ngamazinga ahlukene, ezimbangini zakhe kwesobumongameli. Abaholi besifunda be-CWA u-Claude Cummings, Jr. kanye no-Ed Mooney bobabili bajoyine inyunyana ngendlela evamile lapho beqashwa, njengochwepheshe bezingcingo, emayunithi ezingxoxo amisiwe. U-Cummings uyilungu leminyaka engu-50 elivela e-Texas onethemba lokuba umongameli wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika we-CWA, njengoba nje ayengumholi wenyunyana yasendaweni e-Houston. (Bonke omongameli be-CWA, kusukela yasungulwa bebemhlophe nabesilisa, futhi munye kuphela. kwabahlanuโUmholi Wezabasebenzi uBernie futhi manje usihlalo Wethu Wenguquko ULarry Cohen-uvela ngaphandle kwemboni yezokuxhumana.)
Ukukhuthaza Ukuhlukahluka?
Eminyakeni engama-71, uCummings akalona izwi lesizukulwane esisha emsebenzini, kodwa, njengoba engitshele engxoxweni yakamuva yocingo, akakaze ahlulwe okhethweni lwenyunyana kule minyaka engama-36 edlule. โNgizobeka isipiliyoni sami somsebenzi, ubuhlakani, kanye nalokho engikufezile ngokumelene nobusha babo,โ esho, ebhekise kuSteffens noMooney, bobabili abasanda kuthola eminyakeni engu-50. U-Cummings uye wahola uMnyango Wamalungelo Oluntu we-CWA futhi ubesebenza mathupha, iminyaka eminingi, ku-Coalition of Black Trade Unionists. Uphinde asebenze ebhodini labaqondisi likazwelonke le-NAACP. Ngaphakathi kwe-CWA, uyazigqaja ngayo irekhodi lakhe ukukhuthaza โabesifazane, abantu bebala nentsha,โ ngaleyo ndlela kube neqhaza ekuhlukeni kobuholi.
โNgiwumgqugquzeli wokwakha umnyakazo,โ echaza. "Ku-CWA, sidinga ukusebenzisana ne-NAACP, i-A. Phillip Randolph Institute, kanye ne-Greenpeace, ukuze sibe nomthelela omkhulu kwezombusazwe futhi sithole ukwesekwa ekuhleleni nasekuxoxisaneni." Njengesikhulu sesifunda esinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wobudlelwano nomqashi omkhulu we-CWA wezokuxhumana, ukholelwa ukuthi "ungumuntu ofaneleke kakhulu ukubhekana ne-AT&T ngokuyeka inkontileka nokubuyisa imisebenzi phesheya."
Isifunda saseCummings silahlekelwe u-12% wobulungu baso phakathi kuka-2020 nonyaka odlule, okuningi ngenxa yokwehla kwezinkampani. Uthi: โKufanele simise ukopha futhi siqale ukuhlela. "Izinkampani kufanele ziyeke ukusisebenzisa ezinkundleni zomthetho nezokulawula bese singatholi lutho."
Verizon Local Umehluko
Kwakhe iwebhusayithi yomkhankaso, IPhini likaMongameli we-CWA u-Ed Mooney ugqamisa indima yakhe ekumisweni komsebenzi kwakamuva e-Verizon (noma abanduleli bayo), inkampani esishaywe izikhathi eziyisithupha, kusukela ngo-1986, ngamalungu e-CWA kanye ne-IBEW. Ngasemuva kwezinhlobo zomculo wesintu wase-Ireland, abalandeli bakaMooney baqophe futhi bathumela ubufakazi bevidiyo, obufana nobukaJim Gardler, owangena esikhundleni sakhe njengomongameli we-Local 13000 ePennsylvania. NgokukaGardler, "U-Ed uzohlale esukuma futhi alwele lokho akholelwa ukuthi kulungile." (UMooney ngokwakhe akatholakalanga ngengxoxo eceliwe, ngaphambi kokuba le ndaba ithunyelwe.)
Ngaphandle kwesifunda sakhe esimaphakathi ne-Atlantic, uMooney uthola ukwesekwa kwamanye amayunithi ochwepheshe bezokuxhumana njenge-Local 1101 e-NYC, indawo yakubo kaMongameli we-CWA uChris Shelton. UShelton uhole isiteleka senyunyana sango-2016 ebhekene neVerizon (VZ), umzabalazo wokulwa nemvumelwano. kushayelwe ihlombe kakhulu kwesokunxele. NgoFebhuwari, umemezele ukuthi uzothatha umhlalaphansi futhi ugunyaze kakhulu uSteffens njengozakwethu, kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule, โemikhankasweni yansuku zonke yokuqhuba iNyunyana yethu enkulu kanye nempi yethu yokuqeda ukucwasa kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokucwasa kuyo yonke i-CWA.โ
Omunye umongameli wendawo ye-telecom olandela ukuhola kukaShelton ngumakadebona wesiteleka saseVerizon uDon Trementozzi. I-Local 1400 yakhe eNew England imele isevisi yamakhasimende kanye nabathengisi ezikhungweni zezingcingo noma ezitolo zezitolo, izisebenzi zemidiya nezokukhiqiza, abathuthukisi be-Software nabasebenzi besikhungo sedatha, kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni wasekhaya. Uphinde wahlinzeka ngendawo yenhlangano ye-Alphabet Workers Union enamalungu angu-1,400, iqembu elizihlelele kwa-Google, manje eseyindawo engaphansi kwe-CWA esebenzisana ngokuqondile, ezinze eCalifornia.
I-Trementozzi igxeka kakhulu ukwenqaba kukaMooney esivumelwaneni esafinyelelwa ngonyaka odlule sokwelula amathuba โomsebenzi akudeโ ahlobene ne-Covid kubameleli benkonzo yamakhasimende kanye nabanye abasebenzi baseVerizon. โInkinga yokuqala kumalungu amaningi 'ukusebenza ekhaya'โnoma ukuba nezinhlelo ezixubile,โ kusho u-Trementozzi. โNibahlela kanjani abasebenzi abasha ngomengameli wenyunyana ongasekho ephikisana nalokho?'
Ukushintsha i-Union Demographics
Okunikeza uSteffens ithuba lokulwa ukushintsha kwezibalo zabantu be-CWAโkanye nokuqonda kwakhe kangcono isidingo sokwenza kanjalo gcina izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumelana nezimo, uma kuthandwa izikhundla embonini yezokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe, umkhakha womphakathi, izinkampani zezindiza kanye nezinkampani zabezindaba.
Ngenkathi ngisiza uhambo lokuhamba ezweni lonke e-AT&T eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule kuleli hlobo, i-CWA imele abasebenzi bezingcingo abangu-500,000. Bajoyinwa ngamalungu ayizi-200,000 ezinye izinyunyana ezimbili ezixoxisana ngokubusa okufanayo okukhulu okulawulwayo. Namuhlaโngenxa yokwehliswa komthetho, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwebhizinisi, uguquko lwezobuchwepheshe, ukuxhashazwa kwezinyunyana, kanye nokukhishwa kwemisebenzi phesheya kwezilwandleโinani lobulungu be-CWA embonini lehlele ku-109,000. Abasebenzi abengeziwe baqashwe ezikhungweni zezingcingo noma ezitolo zezitolo, hhayi nje ukuhlala emisebenzini yehhovisi elimaphakathi noma "ngaphandle kwemishini yangaphandle" e-AT&T, VZ, Frontier, Century/Link/Qwest, noma kwezinye izinkampani zezingcingo.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukwehla โkokuminyana kwezinyunyanaโ kwezokuxhumana, i-CWA yaphishekela ukuhlelwa kwangaphandle okunolaka emkhakheni ozimele nokahulumeni, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana. Iwine amalungelo okuxoxisana kubasebenzi bakahulumeni, abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabasekhampasi, kanye nabasebenzi benkampani yezindiza, asebebalelwa cishe ku-150,000. I-CWA iphinde yahlangana nezinyunyana ezincane ze-AFL-CIO, njenge-Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), i-International Union of Electrical Workers (IUE), i-NewsGuild kanye ne-Typographical Union, kanye ne-National Association of Broadcast Engineers and Technicians (NABET). Ubulungu babo buhlangene bubalelwa ngaphezu kwe-115,000, futhi nabasebenzi bezingcingo abangena izinombolo.
Umholi owaziwa kakhulu โwomkhakhaโ owodwa omncane we-CWA nguMongameli we-AFA-CWA uSara Nelson, isikhulumi sesikhathi esidlule emihlanganweni kazwelonke ye-DSA, Amanothi Ezabasebenzi, kanye ne-TDU. Umbangi othuthukayo ohlonishwa kakhulu kuzwelonke Umongameli we-AFL-CIO futhi, muva nje, i-US Unobhala Wezabasebenzi, U-Nelson akakhethwanga noma aqokelwe kunoma yisiphi isikhundla. Manje, njengoba enikezwe ithuba lokuphakamisa umongameli wokuqala wesifazane we-CWA noma wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika, kubikwa ukuthi uncike kuMooney, ongenele ukhetho kakhulu kwezombusazwe kulo mjaho, ngokusho kwabangaphakathi be-CWA. (Naphezu kwemibuzo ephindaphindiwe ye-imeyili nefoni, uNelson kanye noMqondisi Wezokuxhumana we-AFA u-Taylor Garland banqabile ukuphawula ngekhandidethi alincamelayo noma ukukhetha kwenhlangano ye-AFA.)
I-NewsGuild Shake-Up
Bonke abangenele ukhetho abazama ukuphumelela uShelton basazama ukunxenxa izikhulu zendawo kanye nabaholi bemikhakha abamele lobu bulungu obuhlukene kakhulu. Kuyinqubo โeyenza ezinye izihambeli zibe novalo,โ kuphawula uSteffens. "Kodwa inyunyana yethu izoba namandla ngakho."
Bekulokhu kunjalo ekhaya lenhlangano likaSteffens ngaphakathi kwe-CWA. Ukhetho lukamongameli we-NewsGuild obeluyivelakancane eminyakeni emine edlule luholele ekuthuthukisweni okumangazayo ekusebenzeni kwaleyo nhlangano ekhula ngokushesha enamalungu ayi-23,000 ye-CWA. Kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwentando yeningi oluningi โlwelungu elilodwa/ivoti elilodwaโ lokukhetha isikhulu salo esiphezuluโ esikhundleni sendlela yomhlangano yezithunywa kuphelaโAbafaki bezikhundla zenhlangano bakhethe uJon Schleuss, osemusha. I-LA Times intatheli, ukuba ngumholi wabo omusha.
U-Schleuss wehlule umuntu osenesikhathi eside ephethe obesesebenze ngokugcwele ehhovisi lenyunyana iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Lokho kunqoba kwacasula kanye nokuqaliswa kwakhe okwalandela uhlelo lokuguqula kokubili kugqugquzelwe ukwanda kwezishoshovu zabasebenzi abasha bemithombo yezindaba, okubandakanya iziteleka eziningi kanye nezenzo zomsebenzi. U-Schleuss manje weseka uSteffens njengomuntu ozosekela kakhulu imikhankaso yokuhlela ye-CWA yesikhathi esizayo, izimpi zezinkontileka zokuqala, kanye nomzabalazo wokuguqulwa komthetho wezabasebenzi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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