Intatheli ephenyayo, u-Arun Gupta, ubelokhu ehamba phambili ngalezi zindaba. Ngo-September 2011, wasungula I-Occupy Wall Street Journal ngosizo lwe-Yes Men ukusiza ukwakha ukwesekwa komsebenzi osafufusa eZuccotti Park. Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokuba ngumongameli wezi-2016, yena waxwayiswa ukuthi uma uTrump ekhethiwe uzofeza โukuhlanzwa kohlanga lwaseMelika ngokuqeda amaSulumane kanye nabafuduki abaningi ngezindonga, ukuvinjelwa, imigoqo kanye nokudingiswa.โ
AbakwaGupta abagcini nje ngokuba ngesinye sezintatheli ezimbalwa ezibika izinhlangano zomphakathi; uyena oyivelakancane osibekela kokubili kwesokunxele kanye kwesokudla. Ungene ngaphakathi kwe-Tea Party, amasosha anodlame angakwesokudla, kanye nomsebenzi weBundy endaweni yokuphephela yezilwane zasendle. Ubhale umlando we-Occupy Wall Street kanye ne-Occupy ICE, wahlanganisa ubulungiswa besimo sezulu kanye nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi abahola kancane, futhi waya emakamu ababaleki angakaze abonwe eMexico emngceleni wase-US. Umsebenzi wakhe uvele ezincwadini eziningi, okuhlanganisa iThe Nation, The Intercept, Jacobin, The Raw Story, The Guardian, The Daily Beast, kanye neWashington Post.
Ngibambe nabakwaGupta ukuze basize ekuqondeni ubhubhane olubulalayo, ukuwohloka komnotho, nodlame lokucwasa okungenzeka ukuthi uTrump waludala kodwa okumele kusolwe ngalo sonke isigaba esibusayo saseMelika.
Q: Njengomuntu owabona kusengaphambili ubucayi bobhubhane lweCoronavirus e-United States, wenzani ngendlela okwenzeka ngayo? Ingabe kukhona okukumangazayo?
U-Arun Gupta (AG): Ososayensi nezintatheli sekungamashumi eminyaka bexwayisa ngokuthi izimo zase zivuthiwe ukuze kuqubuke ubhubhane. URob Wallace ubhale ngakho kwethi โAmapulazi Amakhulu Enza Umkhuhlane Omkhulu,โ njengoba kwenza uMike Davis kwethi โThe Monster at Our Door: The Global Threat of Avian Flu.โ Ngaqala ukuthatha i-coronavirus ngokungathi sรญna ngemuva kokubikwa kwamacala okuqala e-United States ngoFebhuwari. Ukusabalala kwayo ngokushesha kubonise ukuthi lokhu kwakuhlukile kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingazange zibe inkinga yomhlaba wonke njenge-SARS, MERS, Ebola, kanye ne-H1N1.
Kusukela lapho, enye yezinto ezidumaza kakhulu ukuthi lolu bhubhane lwenzeke kanjani konke ukusabela kukaTrump kuyamangaza futhi kuyamangaza ngobumongameli bakhe be-grifter clown. Imiphumela yalolu bhubhane iphazamisa kakhulu kunokuhlasela kuka-9/11. Ngabuka ophahleni lwami eLower Manhattan njengoba abantu begxuma bephuma emibhoshongweni evuthayo. Naphezu kokushaqeka okukhulu, ngangazi ukuthi yini ezayo: impi yabantu abansundu phesheya nasekhaya. Kepha ngalesi sifo esiwubhubhane, akekho noyedwa owabona umhlaba wonke uvala, ukuvalwa kwemikhakha yezomnotho emikhulu - ezokuthengisa, ezokukhiqiza, ezemfundo, ezokuvakasha nezokungcebeleka, izindawo zokudlela, ezemidlalo nokuzijabulisa. Imiphumela yenhlalo ibe nkulu ngokulinganayo futhi iyamangaza, ukuqaphela kancane ukuthi sonke siyiziboshwa sodwa ngenkathi sindawonye, โโokungenani labo bethu abangazange baphuze i-Kool-aid yokuphika isayensi ephikisana nesayensi.
Kepha indlela uHulumeni wase-US aphendule ngayo kulo bhubhane iyashaqisa kakhulu kunemiphumela yawo. UTrump kanye nabalandeli bakhe abakaze bazame ngisho nokubhekana nale nkinga. Uzama ukuthumela lolu bhubhane ku-Twitter, enze sengathi inkinga kuphela ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani umdlalo we-TV wangempela njengoba abaqhudelana befa emoyeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, angimangazi ukuthi yena noma amabhiliyoni aphendule kanjani. Ngenkathi uTrump ethatha isitoko sikazwelonke njengesakhe, ngokusobala saqala ukweba I-PPE esindisa impilo evela ezifundazweni, noma ku-Jared bhalisiwe Ozakwethu abancane bakwaMcKinsey ukuphatha i-supply chain ababengazi lutho ngayo, ngathi, "Impela bakwenzile." Yibo ngempela abangobani. Yonke inhlekelele iyithuba lokweba imali, ukubamba amandla, kanye nokubukisa i-egos yabo. Angimangazi ukuthi uTrump ephusha amakhambi abantu abangowaka bodokotela ayingozi njenge-chloroquine noma ngokujova i-bleach. Kuphazamiseke ngendlela emangalisayo futhi angicabangi ukuthi kunombhali wenoveli ophilayo ocabangayo ngokwanele ukuba adwebe isithombe se-narcissism eyingozi njengento engenangqondo njengalokho esikubona ezindabeni nsuku zonke. Kepha akuyena uTrump kuphela. UJeff Bezos no-Elon Musk baphakathi kwezigidigidi ezifuna noma eziphoqa ama-proles ukuthi abuyele emsebenzini ukuze afele inzuzo yawo. Futhi akumangazi ukuthi kukhona i-fascism evela ngezansi efuna ukuvula kabusha umphakathi, lokho esikubone ngemibuthano "e-Open-up" entwasahlobo. Bayakwamukela ukufa kwabantu abaningi. I-Republican Party kusukela ku-Goldwater bekuyihlelo lokufa. Manje sekuyihlelo lokuzibulala.
Q: Sifike kanjani lapha? Khuluma ngomlando ongemuva.
AG: Iningi labantu baseMelika alinawo umqondo wesikhathi sabo esidlule. UGore Vidal uthe i-U.S.A. imele โi-United States of Amnesia.โ Abafundiswa ukuthi ukuqothulwa kohlanga nokuhlanzwa kohlanga kuwuchaza kanjani umlando waseMelika, ikakhulukazi maqondana naboMdabu baseMelika, ubugqila bama-Afrika, kanye noJim Crow. Ama-anti-Asian pogrom ekhulunyaka le-19 ayafihlwa uma efundiswa ngisho. Imfundiso yokunqotshwa kweNingizimu-ntshonalanga, okwakuwukubulalana nokuhlanzwa kohlanga ngemva kokunye, iphindwa njengeyimpi yempi yaseMexico naseMelika engalungile kodwa ngokuvamile eyiqhawe. Cishe akekho owaziyo ngakho amadolobha aphansi. Encwadini yakhe enaleso sihloko, uJames Loewen uthi izinkulungwane zezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba zaqala njengamadolobha ashona ilanga. Leli gama livela ezimpawini okuthiwa zifakwe emikhawulweni yedolobha ezifundeka kanje, โNigger, Ungavumeli Ilanga Lishone Kuwe .โ Indawo engaphansi kweBaltimore engakhulela kuyo cishe yayiyidolobha elishona ilanga. Cishe kwakumhlophe ngo-100%, kodwa njengoba iMaryland yayiyizigqila futhi indawo yayingamapulazi kwaze kwaba ngawo-1960, kufanele ukuthi kwakunenqwaba yabantu base-Afrika baseMelika ngesikhathi esithile. Umbuzo uwukuthi kwenzekani ukuze bahambe, mhlawumbe ngenkani nangokusatshiswa. Kodwa lo mlando ususuliwe. Uma inkumbulo ehlangene isuliwe, khona-ke kulula ukukholelwa, njengoba kwaba njalo phakathi kwabangane bami, ukuthi izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha zimhlophe ngoba ziwumphumela ongenakugwemeka wamandla emvelo afana ne-meritocracy. Okuxakayo ukuthi le ncazelo izama ukungacwasi ngokwebala, kodwa inobandlululo ngokuphelele: Uma abantu bezama ukuthethelela ukuthi kungani izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha zimhlophe bazothi yingoba abaNsundu ngokwenhlalo, ngokwengqondo, noma ngokwesiko abakwazi ukuphumelela njengoba abamhlophe (noma abase-Asia) benza. . Ukusula umlando kugcina sekubhala kokubili ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga ohlelweni kuyilapho kukwenza kungabonakali kulabo abawuqhubekisela phambili futhi bahlomule kukho kakhulu. Futhi leyo yinhlabathi okwakhula kuyo i-Trumpism.
Ukuqonda ubandlululo oluhlelekile kuthatha imfundo eyisisekelo kanye nokwazi, kodwa ukusulwa komlando kuphelele kangangokuthi ngisho nezibonelo ezicacile zokuhlanzwa kobuhlanga ziye zasulwa enkumbulweni. Ngenkathi uTrump evakashela eTulsa ngoJuni odlule, ngo-1921 i-pogrom okwabulala abantu abangaba ngu-300 base-Afrika-baseMelika kwakuyindaba ebalulekile. Kepha nangalesi sikhathi ebesicatshangelwa ukuthi sokucwasana ngokobuhlanga, abambalwa abezindaba abajwayelekile bakuchaze njenge-pogrom, okwakuyikho. Abezindaba bakuveze njengodlame lwezixuku, belulaza ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi wabamhlophe kanye nombuso: indlela amaphephandaba e-Tulsa abhebhethekisa ngayo amalangabi okucwasa ngokwebala, ukuhlonyiswa kwezikhali nokubekwa esikhundleni kwabamhlophe abaqhubeka nokubulala nokuhlukumeza, ukunqamula izitimela kanye nezinsiza zezingcingo ezindaweni zabaNsundu, unogada kazwelonke ukujoyina
ukwesaba, ubufakazi bokuthi izindiza ze-U.S. Army noma inkampani kawoyela zaqhumisa amabhomu abantu abaNsundu, amathuna amaningi, ukubopha abasindile emakamu okuhlushwa, ukuntuleka kokushushiswa, ukuziphendulela, kanye nokubuyisela kuze kube namuhla. Ukuvakasha kukaTrump futhi kwaba yithuba elihle kakhulu lokukhuluma โNgehlobo Elibomvuโ lika-1919, kanye nezibhicongo zobandlululo ezisizwa futhi zasekelwa uhlaka lwamandla amhlophe eChicago, eSt Louis, eNashville, namanye amadolobha namadolobha amaningi. Kodwa kwakukhona ukufakwa okuncane kwalokhu.
Lezi yizikhathi ezisabekayo ezakha leli zwe, kodwa umlando cishe awaziwa. Angikaze ngifunde ngamadolobha ashona ilanga esikoleni futhi esifundweni somlando wase-U.S. sezinga lokuthweswa iziqu kuphela lapho ngafunda kancane mayelana nokubulawa kwabantu kwekhulu le-19 kanye nokuhlanzwa kobuhlanga. Le amnesia iqhubeka kuze kube manje. Kube nocwaningo lapho abantu baseMelika becabanga ukuthi abantu baseVietnam abangu-100,000 bafa ngenxa yeMpi yaseMelika. Empeleni kwabulawa abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezimbili nezingu-2. Ngokufanayo ne-Iraq. Eminyakeni embalwa impi, enye imithombo yezindaba yathola abantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi ama-Iraqi ayi-3 ashonile, cishe amaMelika amaningi ayesefile ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwe-Lancet lwango-10,000 lwabeka ukufa okweqile okuvela empini ku-2006. Kukhona ukuthambekela kwelukuluku phakathi kwabaseMelika ukukholelwa ukuthi sibulala kuphela โisithaโ sethu esiphindwe kabili njengoba amaMelika efa kunoma iyiphi impi. Kungumbono ongenangqondo, umkhiqizo wobandlululo lwaseHollywood. Iveza okunye kokubili njengomuntu onamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu, okuthi ngamabhomu aluhlaza nezibhamu angacishe alwe nabantu baseMelika ukuze ame agqoke amathangi, imicibisholo ejikijelwayo eqondiswayo, nabathwali bezindiza, futhi engaphansi komuntu: asenzi mzamo njengomphakathi ukuqaphela ukuhlupheka esikubangelayo. , ukuthi sibulale i-655,000, i-100, i-200 yase-Iraqis kanye ne-Vietnamese kuwo wonke amaMelika alahlekelwa ukuphila kwawo. Kungaba sengathi amaJalimane akholelwa ukuthi i-300 yafa ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe kwamaNazi kwamaJuda hhayi izigidi eziyisi-200,000.
Nakuba lokhu kungazi kugcwele umphakathi waseMelika, amaRiphabhulikhi akwenze kwaba yisisekelo esikhalweni sawo. Kusukela u-Barry Goldwater i-GOP bekuyihlelo lokufa lokucwasa ngokwebala. U-Nixon wakwamukela โekunganakeni kahleโ kokuhlupheka kwabaMnyama ekhaya ukuze afihle izimpi kusukela eChile kuya eCambodia. I-Reaganism yayiyihlelo lokufa, elijezisa abampofu nezimpi ezicashile kusukela eMelika Ephakathi kuya eNingizimu Afrika. U-Reagan wenze ukungabi nakhaya kwaba yinkinga ehlelekile ngokuqeda inhlalakahle yomphakathi, izindlu zomphakathi, kanye nokuqedwa kwezimboni. Kwakuyisici esibonakala kakhulu sempi kaReagan kubantu base-Afrika-baseMelika ebone iminyaka yabo yokuphila yehla ngesikhathi sobumongameli bakhe, ngokusho kuka. Idatha ye-CDC. Kuyamangaza lokho. Ngokuvamile, ukwehla kweminyaka yokuphila emphakathini othuthukile kwenzeka kuphela phakathi nempi ephelele. Lokho akukhona ukuthethelela omongameli beDemocratic Alliance abafana noClinton no-Obama, kodwa ukunxanela igazi lokufa nokubhujiswa komunye kuchaza i-Republican Party.
Bese sifika kuTrumpism. UTrump wagijima njenge-ethno-nationalist. Waqala umkhankaso wakhe ngokumemeza okukhulu kokucwasa ngokwebala: Abantu baseMexico bangabadlwenguli, abashushumbisi bezidakamizwa nezigebengu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uye waba yi-fascistic. Inkulumo yakhe eMount Rushmore ngosuku olwandulela uJulayi Wesine kwakuyinkolelo-mbono yetulo eliqondile โlokubulawa kwabamhlopheโ: Wathi, โIzixuku ezithukuthele zizama ukubhidliza izithombe zabasunguli bethu, zingcolise izikhumbuzo zethu ezingcwele kakhulu, futhi zidale igagasi lobugebengu obunobudlova emadolobheni ethu.โ futhi โIsizwe sakithi sibona umkhankaso ongenazwelo wokuqeda umlando wethu, ukuhlambalaza amaqhawe ethu, ukusula izindinganiso zethu, nokufundisa izingane zethu.โ Lesi isikhalo esicacile se-fascistic. Empeleni uthi kuza izinkumbi ezimnyama ezizoqeda umphakathi wabamhlophe, umlando, ngisho nezingane zabo. Lokhu kucishe kufane nokuthi โ1 Amagama angu-4โ isiqubulo esithi abamhlophe. Angicabangi ukuthi kukhona umuntu osemithombo yezindaba evamile eqaphelile, okukhomba ukuthi i-amnesia yomlando igcwele kanjani imithombo yezindaba.
Umcabango owodwa wokugcina ngesizinda somlando. Kweminye imiphakathi kubonakala ukuhlanjululwa kohlanga kuba yinqubomgomo yombuso lapho inani labantu abambalwa elishushiswayo lisondela ku-15%. Kwa-Israel, izimpi zakhona nokuhlanzwa kohlanga kuvame ukuhambisana nalapho inani labantu base-Arab liba ngaphezu kuka-15%. E-India, ukukhuphuka kwe-BJP, ama-fascists amaHindu abusayo, kwenzeka njengoba inani lamaSulumane eNdiya lisuka ku-12% ngo-1990 laya ku-14% eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva. E-United States, ukuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga ezungeze i-WW1 kwenzeka lapho inani labantu bokufika lifinyelela inani eliphakeme eliyingqopha-mlando le-14%. Yebo, ngo-2016, cishe i-14% yabantu baseMelika yayizalelwe kwamanye amazwe. Kungakho ngicabange ukuthi uTrump uzosungula ukuhlanzwa kwezinhlanga. Kuyinhlanganisela yezinkulumo zakhe ezeqisayo, amacebo akhe okunciphisa abokufika, kanye nokuhambisana ne-nativism enobudlova eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Impela, uTrump uthole ukuvinjelwa kwamaSulumane, ukuvinjelwa kwababaleki, amakamu okuhlushwa abokufika, nokuvalwa ngokuphelele kwabokufika. Lezi zonke izinhlobo ezeqisayo ze-ethno-nationalism. Ngisho nabezindaba abajwayelekile baya ngokuya bechaza uTrump njengomuntu onobandlululo kanye nokulandela kwakhe njengo ihlelo lokufa. Kodwa futhi basemuva ngeminyaka eminingi okwenzekayo. Abaqondi ukuthi uTrump unobushiqela obugcwele futhi isisekelo sakhe siyihlelo lokuzibulala elinemibuthano โevulekileโ kanye nokusangana kwehlelo lokuthi ukugqokwa kwemaski kuyitulo lembulunga yonke, lamaKhomanisi.
Q: Futhi nokho, ubona ukulandelana okuthakazelisayo kokunengqondo ekuphenduleni kukaTrump akunjalo?
AG: UTrump uyisiphukuphuku kanye nongqondongqondo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kufanele ube yisiwula esijulile ukuze uphakamise ukujova izibulala-magciwane emaphashini njenge-bleach. Kodwa unobuhlakani bokukhohlisa ngokwengqondo nabezindaba. UDoug Henwood incazelo I-Trump "njengephekula elingokwengqondo elinethalente elibi" inembile impela.
Kukhona a isihloko eBloomberg mayelana nendlela kaTrump yokubhekana nenkinga ye-covid. Basebenzisa ithiyori yegeyimu, bechaza ukuthi kungani โinengqondo kakhulu.โ Icaphuna esihlokweni: โUmqondo uwukuthi uma usalele emuva emdlalweniโake sithi, umkhankaso wobumongameliโizinyathelo ezinkulu, ezinesibindi zingaba nengqondo, ngisho noma lincane ithuba lokuthi bazokhokha. Uma umuntu ekhubeka ekwelapheni okuyisimangaliso kwe-Covid-19, noma umnotho wezwe ngandlela thize uhamba ngoSuku Lokhetho, khona-ke bobabili uTrump kanye nabantu baseMelika bayawina. Uma imidlalo yokugembula ihluleka, akabi kubi kakhulu ngoba cishe uzohlulwa okhethweni.โ Vele, leli qhinga linengqondo kuphela kubantu abangakunaki ukulahlekelwa izimpilo nezindlela zokuziphilisaโincazelo efanelekile kaTrump. Ungakwazi kakade ukubona ukwenqaba ukwesekwa kaTrump phakathi kwabavoti abadala. Akayiphenduli impendulo yobhubhane.
Ukuvala umnotho futhi kuzombiza ngokhetho, ngakho-ke ukugembula kwakhe ukuvula kabusha umnotho, ukushintshela ezimpini zamasiko, bese ethemba amaqhinga angcolile kanye nokuvota okucekela phansi kungamlethela elinye ihlandla. Futhi kunengqondo kakhulu uma kunonya kakhulu futhi kunosizi.
Thatha esinye isibonelo: Ukwenqaba kukaTrump ukugqoka imaskhi. Ngiyazi odokotela abathukile ukuthi uTrump ngeke afake imaskhi. Kodwa bangama-liberal. Abayiqondi i-psychology ye-fascistic yesikhalazo sakhe. Akayigqoki imaski ngoba iyathunukala. Konke kumayelana namandla, ubudoda, ukubusa kanye nolaka. Siyakubona lokho nabalandeli bakhe ababa nezingxabano ngisho nodlame kulokho okufanele kube yinkinga yezempilo yomphakathi.
Isu lakhe ngokungangabazeki lizobulala ingxenye yesizinda sakhe. Sesiku-130,000 abantu abashonile kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, okungenzeka ukuthi bambalwa kakhulu. Inikezwe umkhondo, engeza inani eliphansi lokufa kwe-Covid-19, nokunye ukushona ngokweqile, i-United States cishe izoshaya abangu-300,000 ababulewe ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Kodwa akanandaba, kanjalo nabalandeli bakhe abaningi abanandaba.
Ngiyazi abantu abathi ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwempilo kuzophoqa uTrump ukuthi ashintshe. Lokho kuphinda kwenze ukuthi isikhalazo se-psycho-social se-Trumpism singalungile. Ukufa kuqinisekisa umbono wakhe, kuqinisekisa amandla amaTrumpists. Uma ugula futhi ufa, kungenxa yokuthi ububuthakathaka. Awufanele
ukuba yingxenye yomjaho omkhulu. Abafileyo baqinisa isimo sabo sengqondo sokuthi uhlanga lwabo, imibono yabo, isiko labo, ubudoda, ubudoda bubanika amandla.
Q: Khuluma ngomthelela wobuhlanga we-covid nokuthi uholele kanjani ekuvukeleni kwamanje ngokumelene nesihluku samaphoyisa.
AG: Ngaqale ngacabanga ukuthi ukuvukela umbuso kuzothatha izinsukwana kufe ngoba sesike sabona izigameko eziningi zokubulalana kwamaphoyisa ngaphambilini ku-video. Nokho sesingene enyangeni yesibili. Ngokubheka emuva, kuhlale kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa ukulandisa ndawonye. Isazi-mlando uGreg Gandin sithi lapho impiriyali yase-US ihlehla emhlabeni wonke, igxila eLatin America. NgoTrump, okucacayo ukuthi uyi-imperialist, usethathe elinye igxathu. Isitha esikhulu sisekhaya. Nangaphambi kokuba aqokwe iqhinga lakhe bekuwukuletha โImpi Ngokwesabisaโ ekhaya. Wayezosebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo zokuhlukumeza izingxenye zabantu, ukubhebhethekisa izingxabano zamahlelo, ukudalula udlame lombuso kanye nokushushiswa njengoba kwenza umsebenzi wase-US e-Iraq. Ukugxila kwakhe kokuqala kwakungamaSulumane kanye nabokufika.
Manje sekungabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika, kodwa uTrump akakwazi ukucwasa ngokwebala ngenxa yezinombolo zabo, izigidi ezingama-41, kanye nokugxila emlandweni waseMelika kanye nezepolitiki. UTrump wayithatha ngokungathi sรญna i-coronavirus ngoMashi lapho osaziwayo beshaywa kanye neyakhe umngani wezindlu wabulawa yiyo.
Kepha kwabe sekucaca ukuthi i-coronavirus ibathinta ngendlela engafanele abantu baseMelika baseMelika. Adam Serwer, yenza lokhu kuqondisisa in I-Atlantic: "Ukuthi bayanda abantu baseMelika abafayo bekungabaluleki kangako kunoba ngubani ofayo." Izinga lokufa kwabaMnyama liphindwe ka-2.4 kunelabamhlophe ngomuntu ngamunye. Abantu abasha base-Afrika baseMelika babona abadala babo befa. Abazali babo, omalumekazi kanye nomalume, maningi amathuba okuba babe nemisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuhamba ngamaloli, ukuhamba ngobuningi, ukukhiqiza ukudla, ukuthengisa, endaweni yokugcina izinto, yingakho besengozini enkulu. Cishe u-40% wabasebenzi base-Afrika baseMelika badiliziwe noma baxoshwa emsebenzini. Intsha yase-Afrika yaseMelika esezingeni elisebenzayo, ezikole zayo zisezingeni eliphansi, hhayi ezimbi, kodwa ezingezinhle njengezikole zabamhlophe abahola kakhulu, manje ibambekile ekhaya. Ayikho indlela abathola ngayo izinga lemfundo ababeyiyo mathupha. Lezi zingane mancane amathuba okuba zibe namakhompyutha ekhaya okufunda ku-inthanethi, mancane amathuba okuba ne-wifi, mancane amathuba okuba zibe nendawo ethule yokufunda nokufunda. Bese kuba khona lokho okuthiwa wukungavikeleki kokudla, okungukuthi indlala, eye yanda. Ngike ngaxoxa nabantu izihlobo zabo ezithi bona nezingane zabo badla kanye ngosuku. Ungacabanga ukuthi lokho kwenzani kuwe ngokwengqondo, ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo? Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezingane zabaMnyama ingase ibe nokuntula ukudla ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.
Uma uhlanganisa konke lokho ndawonye, โโkuyisimo se-pressure cooker. Ulayini ka-Trump ka-2016 othi "yini okumele ulahlekelwe" kubantu base-Afrika-baseMelika wawusekelwe ku-caricature yokucwasa ukuthi bahlala endaweni yesihogo. Kepha ukwenze kwaba yiqiniso ngempendulo yakhe kulo bhubhane. Ukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd bekuwuthi lukamentshisi oluphonswe ebhokisini le-tinderbox. Inikeze indawo okugxilwe kuyo kukho konke okungalungile ngeMelika.
Q: Khuluma ngezici zokuvukela umbuso.
AG: Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukunyakaza okuthandwa kakhulu, okuholwa ngabaMnyama. Kuze kube manje abaholi be-Black Lives Matter bavame ukuba njalo abaphakathi, abafundile ekolishi. Kusho ukuthi ezombangazwe zilolongwa yilabo bantu abasha base-Afrika baseMelika abanenhloko-dolobha yezenhlalo namasiko, ulimi, indawo yokuchaza nokubamba ukugxeka. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokho, kodwa baphi uMalcolm X, u-Huey Newton, uGeorge Jackson, uFred Hampton, u-Angela Davis wanamuhla? Baphi abaholi abasha abaqhamuka futhi bamele isigaba sabasebenzi, abampofu abasebenzayo, abayizigebengu? Ayiholwa yi-lumpenproletariat, nakuba ezinsukwini ezingemva kokushona kukaGeorge Floyd sabona i-lumpenproletariat phambili emibhikishweni, njengoba sabona eFerguson ngo-2014 nase-Baltimore ngo-2015. isimisiwe I-Capital Hill Organised Protest e-Seattle ezinsukwini ngaphambi kokuthi amaphoyisa ayikhiphe. Wonke umuntu, oMnyama nomhlophe, wayethi โlandela ubuholi Abamnyama.โ Kodwa akekho owayengasho ukuthi lokho kwakusho ukuthini. I-CHOP idonsele abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika abangakaze bangene kwezombusazwe, okuhlanganisa okuningi okuvela esigabeni sabasebenzi. Kepha kwahlukaniswa noqhekeko mayelana nobulili, phakathi kwezidlamlilo nalabo abangenzi inzuzo, phakathi kwezishoshovu ezintsha nabahleli abangomakadebona. Bekukhona namaqembu ezigebengu eziNsundu emaphethelweni abantu abaningi ku-CHOP abathi yiwo adala udlame olushiye ababili beshonile. I-Black Panthers yakhuluma namalungu ezigelekeqe futhi yawanikeza ithuba lezombusazwe. Akumele sikubone lokho. I-CHOP bekuyi-microcosm yezintshisekelo ezahlukahlukene, izigaba, nezepolitiki phakathi komphakathi wabaNsundu, futhi iziqubulo ezinjengokuthi "landela ubuholi Abamnyama" azikwazi ukukuchaza lokho.
E-New York, lapho ngisuka khona, izikhungo zezinxushunxushu yiBronx ne-Brooklyn, zombili ezinemiphakathi emikhulu yase-Afrika yaseMelika kanye nemiphakathi yase-Afro-Caribbean. Idwebe intsha enombala kabanzi. Akusho ukuthi azikho izingxabano. Kunemibiko yokungezwani okuthile phakathi kwemiphakathi yaseLatinx nezishoshovu ze-BLM kwamanye amadolobha. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kungezwani kuncane, kodwa akuyona into enganakwa. Uma ungakuthatheli phezulu, kuba nzima ukwakha ubumbano lwezinhlanga ezahlukene.
Kukhona nentsha eningi emhlophe, noma ngabe imasha, ihlinzeka ngosekelo, noma ibandakanyeka ekuhleleni ama-antifascist. EMinneapolis, bekukhona i-copaganda zisuka nje kosopolitiki beDemokhrasi ukuthi ababhikishi bahlanganisa abantu bangaphandle, abashisekeli bezwe abamhlophe, izinkamba zezidakamizwa kanye nezangaphandle. Lolu hlobo lwe-copaganda aluqhutshwa uphiko olufanele kuphela, kodwa futhi nosopolitiki be-neoliberal abaye bahluleka ngokuphelele - okuhlanganisa nosopolitiki abaningi abaNsundu. Abaholi abasha bezombangazwe abaNsundu abaphumanga emkhankasweni wamalungelo abantu, ngakho bathola amandla omphakathi ngokwenza isicelo samabhizinisi amakhulu, izindlu ezithengiswayo kanye namaphoyisa. Kunezinkinga eziningi nge-trope "yamasiyaluyalu angaphandle," enye yazo yilabo abangafuni ukuvuma ukuthi mhlawumbe abayikhulumeli intsha eNsundu besebenzisa amaqhinga okuphikisana kakhulu ngisho nobugovu njengokuphanga, ngokwesibonelo. Esinye sezimangalo esingenangqondo engasizwa ukuthi amaqembu acashile alwela ubuzwe abamhlophe โadubula abantu futhi ashise amabhizinisi e-POCโ. Nakuba abezizwe abamhlophe bebephuma bezobhikisha futhi benza udlame futhi besabisa, abukho ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi bahlanganyela ohlotsheni oluthile lwempi yabashokobezi, okungaba okungajwayelekile.
Udlame olusolwayo oluqondiswe kwa-BLM ezenzweni ezicashile lususa udlame olusobala lwamaphoyisa ahlelekile, anezijeziso zombuso, futhi afaka inqwaba yamashiqela amhlophe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abashisekeli bezwe abamhlophe bayiziphukuphuku futhi abahle kakhulu emisebenzini eyimfihlo. Kunalokho, ziphumela obala. Singahlukanisa ubukhona bobuzwe obumhlophe obubonakala bube yizigaba ezithile:
- Ukuhlasela kwe-Lone-wolf. Kube nenqwaba yalokhu, njenge umfana e-San Diego eqondise umnsalo nomcibisholo kubabhikishi noma umfana eTexas besabisa abanye ngesaha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi baningi abahlaseli Abasekeli bakaTrump, okuhlanganisa nomnikazi wendawo yokucima ukoma e-Nebraska owabulala indoda yase-Afrika yaseMelika, umsekeli kaTrump owayeyi-
esinye isithunywa se-RNC yango-2016 futhi yadubula indoda e-Albuquerque, kanye nomshayeli weloli eMinneapolis owagijima waya ezinkulungwaneni zababhikishi.
- Amacebo amaphekula: Kwabhidlika ngesakhiwo e-Nevada ngamadoda amathathu ahlangene nenhlangano ekude kwesokudla "boogaloo" eyayihlele ukusebenzisa imibhikisho ye-BLM ukuzibandakanya.
ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu nokushiswa kwempahla. Abafana be-boogaloo, njengoba abanye bezibiza kanjalo, bamagange ukuqala impi yombango yesibili futhi bahileleke kwezinye ukuhlasela kwakamuva, okufana nokwakamuva. ukubulala o f amaphoyisa amabili eCalifornia.
- Vula imibukiso yokusabisa. Ku I-Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, idolobha elimhlophe ngo-93%, amadoda ahlome ahlome agcwele idolobha ngemuva kwamahlebezi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana okuhlasela kwe-antifa. Emaphandleni ase-Oregon lapho kube khona izenzo ezingaphezu kuka-60 ze-BLM, "cishe bonke โฆ ngibhekane nokuhlehla kwamaqembu ahlomile.โ Kubonakala kunomthetho eMelika lapho indawo imhlophe, i-paranoid eyengeziwe, i-conspiratory kanye nobudlova. Amasosha alwela ubuzwe abamhlophe afana naBathathu Amaphesenti athi avikela amabhizinisi, njengaku-I ungqondongqondo,
O klahoma, Futhi New Mexico Kepha bakhombisa ukungavikeli amabhizinisi, kodwa
ngoba bamagange ukubulala abantu, Black, brown leftists.
Kunodlame olubalulekile olufana nalolu. Amaphoyisa azokushaya indiva noma akusekele ngeziqephu. Kepha inkolelo phakathi kwabaningi besokunxele yokuthi kukhona ukusebenzisana okuhlelekile phakathi kwamaphoyisa namasosha ayaziwa kabi. Amaphoyisa athanda udlame lwawo futhi ngeke avumele amasosha ukuba awathathele indawo.
Q: Ake sikhulume ngokhetho lukamongameli oluzayo. Sibone izindatshana ezimbalwa mayelana nokuthi ukhetho lungakhanselwa kanjani nguTrump. Imicabango yakho?
AG: Ake sibheke isithombe esikhulu kuqala. Ngithole i-midterms ka-2018 iduduza ngendlela emangalisayo. UTrump ukwenze inhlolovo kuye, ezama ukwenza konke mayelana nekharavani yababaleki baseCentral America kanye "nokuhlasela." UTrump ugqugquzele ibhomu le-MAGA elathumela amabhomu kosopolitiki beDemokhrasi kanye nabagxeki bezindaba bakaTrump. Kwakukhona ukudubula kwesinagoge lasePittsburgh ngobusuku bangaphambi kokhetho, okugqugquzelwe inkulumo kaTrump. Futhi uTrump wahlukunyezwa naphezu kokuzama ukuqeda ukwesaba ukucwasa.
Ngakho-ke nakuba u-Trump engu-demagogue ephumelele ngendlela emangalisayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli amandla akhe. Udala isiphithiphithi ngoba unekhono ekuguquleni i-shitshow ibe yigolide lepolitiki. Kodwa ulahlekelwa yikhono lakhe lokusebenzisa amandla, umlando ushiye ngaphandle kokulawula kwakhe. Izimpendulo zakhe kulo bhubhane zixakile, ziyacasula, futhi ziphelelwe yithemba: ukwelapha abantu abangowaka bodokotela, enze sengathi awekho, nezimpi zamasiko. Umzamo wakhe wokwenza i- Ihlazo lika-Obamagate floppy. Iqhinga lakhe lakamuva elokuthatha ubuzwe abamhlophe ngokugcwele ukuze aphendule isiphithiphithi sikaGeorge Floyd, esisekelwa kabanzi. Ngenye yemidlalo yakhe yokugembula yamathuba amancane, akhokha kakhulu. Ukube ubezolusula ukhetho ngabe akazami yonke le mikhuba. Kepha lokho akusho ukuthi ngeke azame ukuqeda inkinga enkulu, enze ukuvota kube isiphithiphithi, ikakhulukazi ivoti ngeposi, amukele ukuhlaselwa kwamabutho angaphandle, njengokuhlasela kwe-cyberattack, noma enqabe ukuqaphela ukulahlekelwa noma ukushiya isikhundla. Uyokwenza lutho ukuze akhwabanise, antshontshe, noma achithe ukhetho, ngakho akufanele siyeke ukuqapha.
Lokho kungenza ngibe nethemba elikhulu ngokunqoba kweBiden. Ukufa kwabantu abaningi, ukuwohloka komnotho, kanye nokuvukela amaphoyisa kungafakazela ukudilizwa kukaTrump. Ungakwazi ukuvula izinto zonke okufunayo, kodwa ngisho noma u-30% wabantu behlala ekhaya, ngokuyisisekelo bama-boomers nabadala, awukwazi ukuvuselela umnotho. Futhi manje izifundazwe ziyavalwa, ngisho nasezweni likaTrump njengeTexas, njengoba nje ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bexwayise ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ngokuvulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kulimaza kakhulu umnotho ngoba kujulisa ukungaqiniseki kokuphuma nokusetshenziswa kwemali. Ngisho naphakathi kwabalandeli bakhe abaphuze i-Kool-Aid, bazokuthola kunzima ukungawunaki lo bhubhane lapho abazali babo kanye nogogo nomkhulu babo befa. Lokho kusho, kunezinyanga ezi-5 ngaphambi kokhetho. Kungase futhi kube iminyaka engu-50, kungakanani izinto ezingashintsha.
Ngisho noma uTrump exoshwa ngenkani, akugcini ngaye. UTrump unokwesekwa okungaphezu kuka-40% njengoba engamele ingcindezi, isibalo esikhulu sabantu abashonile, futhi esusa ubuzwe obunodlame obumhlophe. Ama-brownshirts akhe, i-FOX News, nozungu lokucwasa ngokwebala akusuki. Ukwehlula uTrump kwenza okuncane ukubhekana nezinkinga zenhlalo nezomnotho ezibhebhethekise amashumi eminyaka. Uma uBiden ewina, ukuhlehla nodlame olukude kwesokudla kuzoqala ngaphambi kokuthi angene esikhundleni. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba uzilungiselele lokho, futhi uhlele ukuphikisa lokho futhi uqhubeke nokuhlasela.
Q: Ucabangani ngamathemba okuthi uTrump enqaba ukuvuma ukwehlulwa uma kwenzeka ehlulwa okhethweni? Kufanele sizilungiselele kanjani?
AG: Ngeke sikuzibe okungenzeka. UTrump angase ahlale uma ehlulwa. Ukuyilungiselela kungadinga izigidi zethu ukuba ziphumele emigwaqweni. Kuzodingeka sivale iWashington, D.C.
Ngibona abantu bephakamisa ukuthi amasosha angenele uma uTrump engavumi. Ukuketulwa umbuso kungaba kubi kakhulu kunokwesibili kukamongameli kaTrump. Bheka eChile, Egypt, noma ePakistan. Imibuso yokuvukela umbuso ivame ukuhlala amashumi eminyaka, ihlanekezela umphakathi, futhi iyesabeka. Uma u-Trump entshontsha ukhetho, ngakho-ke sidinga ukumxosha ngokuvukela okukhulu - iziteleka ezijwayelekile, ukuvinjelwa, ukuphazamiseka okuphelele komnotho - ukumphoqa esikhundleni.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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