Ukugijima ukuze uthole imali yenkundla yokudlala noma umtholampilo oseduze akuyona into entsha. Kodwa uma ingekho inqubo ehleliwe, amadolobha athambekele ekuphenduleni emaqenjini anomsindo kakhulu futhi ahleleke kakhulu, ngokuvamile umphakathi lapho abantu benemfundo, imisebenzi eqhubekayo kanye nesikhathi sokunxenxa.
I-Participatory Budgeting (I-Orcamento Participativo OP), eyasungulwa eminyakeni engu-25 edlule eDolobheni lasePorto Alegre, eNingizimu neBrazil, yayiklanyelwe ukubeka zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane endaweni elinganayo, ngokufinyelela okulinganayo nethuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhloso bekuwukujulisa intando yeningi ngokunikeza izakhamuzi hhayi nje izwi kodwa amandla okuthatha izinqumo.
Noma ngabe isabelomali sedolobha sizabalazaโngaso sonke isikhathi kulezi zinsukuโukuze sihlangabezane nezidingongqangi, ngisho no-1% noma okuncane okubekelwe eceleni kwanele ukuqalisa inqubo. I-Brazil iqokomise lokhu okusha kwendawo ku-World Social Forum yayo yokuqala ye-15 eminyakeni edlule e-Porto Alegre, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amadolobha emhlabeni jikelele azama ukubamba iqhaza okuthandwayo ezinqumweni zesabelomali kumaphrojekthi womphakathi.
I-Participatory Budgeting ibe yisizinda sokwakha intando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza ngaphansi kobuholi be-Workers' Party (PT) e-Brazil, kusukela ngo-2003 kuze kube manje. Kodwa ngenkathi i-Workers' Party ihlulwa okhethweni lwedolobha lonke e-Porto Alegre ngo-2004, inqubo ye-Participatory Budgeting yalahlekelwa ukwesekwa kohulumeni basekhaya futhi ayizange isebenze. .
E-Canoas, idolobha lezimboni elingumakhelwane, Isabelomali Sokuhlanganyela asizange sethulwe kwaze kwaba ngu-2009 ngokukhethwa kukameya we-Workers' Party, u-Jairo Jorge. Abaningi babasunguli bangempela baba nesandla ekuhleni kabusha inqubo ngezindlela zokuyenza isimeme. Kuseyinto esemqoka, Ukwabiwa Kwezimali Okuhlanganyelwe kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yalokho iDolobha elikubiza ngokuthi uhlelo olusha lukahulumeni obambe iqhaza. Ngokungeza izindlela ezintsha nezihambisanayo zokubamba iqhaza nezinhlelo, i-Canoas idale ukuhlangana okukhuphule konke ukuhlanganyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ngokwayo iye yacwengwa, ukuze ingakwazi ukuhlakazwa kalula ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi.
Ngale ndlela, uhulumeni waseCanoas uphakamise ngendlela ehlelekile lokho okulindelwe abahlali futhi useqalile ukuqeda ukuntula ukwethenjwa okusabalele kuhulumeni phakathi kwabantu. KuMeya, uJairo Jorge, ukuguqula indlela abantu abacabanga ngayo, abakhiphe ekuphelelweni ithemba, ukubakhombisa ukuthi uguquko lungenzeka, kuyinselelo enkulu. Wabhala: โInselele enkulu ohulumeni abadumile noma abashiyiwe ababhekene nayo, ukungathembi nokudumazeka abantu abanakho ngosopolitiki nohulumeni.โ
Ukuvala ibanga phakathi kukahulumeni nezindawo ezingomakhelwane, iCanoas ikwenze kwaba umgomo oyisisekelo โukususa igunya,โ ukususa izisekelo nokwenza kube lula ngabantu ukwenza izimfuno zikahulumeni. IDolobha likhuthaza abantu ukuthi bazwakalise izimfuno zabo ezingxoxweni ezihlale zibanjwa mayelana nezinkonzo zezenhlalakahle, โkuHulumeni Wedolobha Elisemigwaqweni,โ โIMeya Esitobhini Sesitimela,โ isibonelo, bese libika ngenani lezimfuno ezihlangatsheziwe, iziphakamiso. ithathwe, iziphendulela esidlangalaleni.
Ngokwezinga elingokoqobo, ubuholi bahlukanise idolobha laba izingxenye ezine ukuze kwandiswe ukufinyelela kanye namathuba ezinhlelweni zedolobha. Ku-OP, nokho, baphinde bahlukanise indawo kulokho abakubiza nge-15 "micro-regions." Isifunda esincane ngasinye siqhuba inqubo yaso ye-OP, futhi singakhetha amaphrojekthi angu-2 omphakathi waso kanye no-1 wedolobha lonke.
Izifunda ezincane ngayinye zithola cishe isigidi esisodwa i-reais ($250,000), futhi kufanele ukhawule izindleko zephrojekthi ngayinye zibe uhhafu walokho. Yebo amaphrojekthi angathuthukiswa phakathi neminyaka ethile, futhi amakhomishana endawo angafaka isicelo sezimali zombuso noma zenhlangano.
Kusukela ngo-2009, abantu baseCanoas bakhethe amaphrojekthi ayi-117, abandakanya izakhamizi ezingama-86,000, okulinganiselwa ku-10% womphakathi ovotayo. Lelo izinga eliphezulu lokubamba iqhaza kwe-OP kulo lonke elase-Brazil.
Ingakanani isifunda esincane? Lokho kuncike ekutheni umphakathi umpofu noma ucebe kangakanani. Omakhelwane abacebile abahlinzekwa kangcono bakha izifunda ezincane ezinkulu, kuyilapho izindawo ezimpofu kakhulu zihlukaniswa zibe izifunda ezincane eziningi ukuze isidingo sisonke, sibe sikhulu inani lamaphrojekthi, nakuba isifunda esincane ngasinye sisathola ezimbili kuphela. Ngale ndlela imali ehleliwe noma izindawo ezihlala kahle AKUKHO inzuzo. Iningi lamaphrojekthi azokwakhiwa ezindaweni ezimpofu kakhulu.
Inqubo iqala ngomhlangano ovulekile ukuze kufundwe ngamaphrojekthi asevele akhiwe nalawo asakhiwa. IMeya ihambela ngayinye, ukuze iphendule imibuzo ngokwenzekile noma okungenzeki. UMeya Jorge wenza isethulo esiklanyelwe ukufundisa ababambiqhaza ngezindaba zesabelomali. Noma ubani angaveza amaphrojekthi angaba khona futhi kuyodingeka achaze futhi avikele ukubaluleka kwawo kukonke. Umhlangano uyobe usuvota ukubeka phambili iziphakamiso.
Abahlanu abahamba phambili bazodlulela ekuhlolweni okwengeziwe nezingxoxo, okunikeza ababambiqhaza ithuba lokuhlela kabusha futhi basebenze ngamaqembu ngokukhetha kwabo okuphezulu. Lesi sinyathelo sihlanganisa umsebenzi, njengoba abantu bethola abangani nabasekeli, baphinde baxoxisane ngemibandela, uma kudingeka, futhi ndawonye iqembu ngalinye lizokwenza isethulo salo. Emibuthanweni elandelayo bazokhetha abameleli abazohambisana neziphakamiso kuze kube sekuphothulweni.
Akubona bonke abangaba khona emihlanganweni yebandla neyemihlangano yaphakathi nesonto, kodwa wonke umuntu unesandla emphumeleni. Uma ukusebenza kwamaphrojekthi sekuqinisekisiwe, izindleko ezilinganiselwe, izinto zokwakha, izindaba zemvelo njll., ukukhetha okuphezulu kuzoya evotini elidumile esifundeni esincane. Lonke ukhetho nokuvota e-Brazil kwenzeka ngamaSonto. Okhethweni, iholide likazwelonke, ngoba ukuvota kuyisibopho. Noma yiliphi iqembu elisekelwa kakhulu, lingena indlu ngendlu, lifundise omakhelwane bayophuma phambili.
Amaqembu athola ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe ekuhleleni nasekubizeni amaphrojekthi awo, kanye nemfundo eqhubekayo ngesabelomali sikahulumeni. Unyaka ngamunye, inani labahlanganyeli "abafakwe isizini" liyakhula, futhi njengoba amaphrojekthi akhiwa, nentshisekelo enkulu kanye nokuthembeka ohlelweni nakho kuyakhula. Inqubo idala ukubandakanya, ukuqwashisa, ukuqoqwa kanye nokwethembana.
ICanoas iyidolobha lezimboni, elakhelwe phezu kwezindawo zokuhluza kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezimboni zikawoyela, igesi nensimbi. Kugcizelelwa ezindabeni zemvelo kanye nobulungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abampofu kakhulu akudingeki baphile ezindaweni ezingcoliswe kakhulu. Ngaphandle kweSabelomali Esibambekayo, isibonelo, kuyinto ehamba phambili yedolobha lonke ukuhambisa noma yikuphi ukuhlala noma indawo yokuhlala eseduze nezingozi zemvelo iye ezindaweni eziphephile ezinoxhaso lwedolobha nombuso ukuze kuhlinzekwe izindlu.
Ngaphandle kwalezi ezinye izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle kanye nezimoto zentando yeningi zokubamba iqhaza, i-Budgeting iyodwa ingaba yincane kakhulu ukuze izuze ukwethenjwa nokusekelwa kwabantu. Yingakho eCanoas imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuseni nasekuhlanganiseni abantu.
Akukhona nje noma iyiphi imfundo, hhayi nje ukuqeqeshwa noma ukufunda nokubhala. Ibizwa ngokuthi โImfundo Yokuba yisakhamuzi,โ futhi ikhule ezivivinyweni zokuguquguquka kwezemfundo zoshintsho, ekuqaleni ezaqalwa uthisha nesazi sefilosofi u-Paulo Freire. Imfundo ikhuthaza ukuzethemba, imibono ebanzi, ukucabanga okujulile kanye nokuqinisekisa izindinganiso zokulunga, ubulungisa nokulingana.
Amadolobha amaningi emhlabeni jikelele aseyazijwayeza noma asezamile ukwenza isabelomali esibambe iqhaza, kodwa ngaphandle kohlaka lohlelo olusha lokubamba iqhaza kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zemfundo, kunzima kakhulu ukusisebenzisa nokuyigcina.
Ku-World Social Forum yakamuva ngoJanuwari 2016 e-Porto Alegre, eBrazil, amaphaneli amabili amakhulu agxile ekubalulekeni kokugqugquzela ukubamba iqhaza okuqondile kwezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zikahulumeni. IMeya uJairo Jorge usanda kushicilela incwadi ekhuthaza abanxele, ikakhulukazi, kodwa bonke abathuthukayo, ukuthi I-Radicalizar a Democracia: โKufanele sikhulume nezakhamuzi ngokwandayo . . . ohulumeni, okubanikeza amandla okuthatha izinqumo mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali, izinqubomgomo zomphakathi kanye namaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa amasu edolobha, izifundazwe kanye namazinga kazwelonke.โ
Ukwenza intando yeningi ibe yimpendulo ye-Workers' Party kuzinqubomgomo ze-neo-liberal kanye nokungalingani okukhulayo.
U-Ruth Needleman unguSolwazi Eemerita, i-IU kanye ne-Gary & Global Activist & Educator. Ungamthola ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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