Ngalokho uNixon wamethula inkundla yezomnotho, okuhlanganisa nezinguquko ezimbalwa ezishibhile zezabasebenzi. Phakathi kwazo ziyimholo encane engu-$15 kuso sonke isifunda, umthetho wokuphepha kwabahlengikazi, izinhlelo zokuphepha ezikhulisiwe nezokuqeqesha emisebenzini yezohwebo, kanye nelungelo lokuteleka kubo bonke abasebenzi basembonini yomphakathi.
Lesi sokugcina, esingachitha esombuso ukwenqatshelwa kokusetshenziswa ezitelekeni zezinkampani zikahulumeni, zadala impikiswano enkulu. Ophikisana noNixon uMbusi u-Andrew Cuomo, imeya yedolobha laseNew York uBill de Blasio, kanye nabaholi bezinyunyana bonke. ephikiswa esidlangalaleni uhlelo. Lokhu kuzungeza komphakathi kwezinqola kwadalula ukuchema kwabasebenzi kwenhlangano yeDemocratic Party yombuso futhi kwembula ukusebenzelana kwezikhulu zenyunyana ngaphansi kohlaka lwazo.
Umthetho waseNew York omelene neziteleka zezinkampani zikahulumeni, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Taylor Law, awuhlukile neze. Njengoba abacwaningi uKate Andrias noBrishen Rogers bebhala kwethi โUkwakha Kabusha Izwi Labasebenzi Emnothweni Wanamuhla,โ a umbiko omusha kusukela ku-Roosevelt Institute, abaphathi bebelokhu besemgqeni wokuwina iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Kusukela ngo-1947 Umthetho we-Taft-Hartley kanye nokuqala ukushuba eminyakeni yawo-1970, abaqashi bathole uchungechunge lwemithetho evunayo cishe enganqamuki kanye nezinqumo zenkantolo ezimelene nabasebenzi, ezicekela phansi amandla abasebenzi emnothweni kanye nasemphakathini obanzi, kuhlanganisa nomkhakha wezepolitiki.
U-Andrias noRogers benza indaba yokuthi ukuze sinikeze iningi elisebenzayo amandla futhi sikhuthaze ukulingana kwezomnotho nezombusazwe, kufanele sihlehlise lesi simo futhi senze umzamo oqotho, osimeme wokuguqula imithetho yezemisebenzi yezwe. Umbiko wabo uqukethe inqwaba yeziphakamiso ezibambekayo. Izinhlangano zezombangazwe zeSocialist kanye nabangenele ukhetho kufanele babhekisise, hhayi okungenani ngoba ngasinye salezi ziphakamiso simele ithuba lokumela abasebenzi - futhi ngokumelene nonxiwankulu - enkundleni yomphakathi.
Ukuzibophezela kukaNixon ekuchibiyeleni uMthetho kaTaylor nezinye izinguquko zezabasebenzi kugqugquzelwe ubuholi odabeni oluvela kulowo ongenele ukhetho lweSenate yesifunda sase-New York kanye nelungu leDemocratic Socialists of America (DSA) UJulia Salazar, kanye nezingxoxo u-Nixon abe nazo namalungu Egatsha Labasebenzi le-DSA leDolobha laseNew York, athi u-Nixon wamukele cishe zonke iziphakamiso zabo zenkundla yakhe. Kakade, inkokhelo isibalulekile.
Njengomphumela wezinguquko ezihlongozwayo zikaNixon zezabasebenzi, ukulandisa okujwayelekile kokuthi kunezinhlangothi ezimbili kwezombusazwe zabasebenzi - ukuthi amaDemocrats asekela inyunyana futhi amaRepublican amelene nenyunyana, futhi leyo indaba yonke - yembulwa ngokusobala. Ukulandisa okusha kwezombusazwe okunamakhonsathi amasha nemigqa yempi kwavela esikhundleni sako, kuxabanisa abasebenzi kanye nezingqwele zabo zezombusazwe ngakwesokhohlo nabaqashi nabasebenzisana nabo, okuhlanganisa nalabo abakuDemocratic Party.
The New York Daily News wagijima ucezu enesihloko esithi โUCuomo no-de Blasio empeleni bayavumelana ngokuthile: abasebenzi bakahulumeni akufanele babe nelungelo lokuteleka.โ UCuomo uxwayise ngesiphithiphithi uma abasebenzi bakahulumeni bezibandakanya nokumisa umsebenzi. UDe Blasio ucashunwe ekhuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi bathole ezinye izindlela zokuziveza. U-Nixon uzitholele leli thuba ngokuhambisana nabasebenzi ngokwabo, kuphendula, "Kufanele sime eceleni kothisha bethu abanesibindi, singabathethisi ngokulwela amaholo afanelekile nesithunzi kanye nemfundo engcono yabafundi babo."
Abanye abantu abazongenela ukhetho lwezenhlalakahle kufanele balandele ukuhola kukaNixon, kokubili ngenxa yokuthi umthetho wezabasebenzi waseMelika udinga kakhulu ukuguquka, nangenxa yokuthi ingxoxo yezepolitiki yase-US idinga umjovo wokuqaphela isigaba. Ngenxa yokuthi umbiko ka-Andrias noRogers uyipulani enemininingwane ye-ajenda yokuguqulwa kwabasebenzi esekela abasebenzi, inikeza izindlela eziningi zokungenelela okunesu elinjalo.
Izinguquko Ezidingekayo
U-Andrias noRogers babona ukuguqulwa kwemithetho yezabasebenzi esekela abasebenzi njengokuwela ezigabeni ezine ezibalulekile. Umthetho kufanele ucatshangelwe kabusha futhi uhlelwe kabusha โ(1) ukuze kuvikelwe bonke abasebenzi, kuzo zonke izingxenye zomnotho; (2) ukwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzi bathole ukumelwa emsebenzini; (3) ukuhlinzekela ukuxoxisana kwezinga lomkhakha; kanye (4) nokuvikela kangcono amalungelo abasebenzi okuteleka, ukuqola, nokwenza ezinye izenzo ezibumbene.โ
Umbiko uhamba endaweni ngayinye yalezi zinguquko, uhlola ubukhulu benkinga futhi uphakamise izilungiso ezithile zenqubomgomo. Esigabeni sokuqala โ โUmthetho wezabasebenzi kufanele unikeze amalungelo kubo bonke abasebenzi, kuyo yonke imikhakha yezomnothoโ โ U-Andrias noRogers baphawula ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi akusebenzi ezingxenyeni eziningi zabasebenzi baseMelika. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abasebenzi abaningi basezindlini nabezolimo, osonkontileka abazimele, abasebenzi bosonkontileka abancane, ama-franchisees nama-temp ejensi, abaphathi bezinga eliphansi, othisha abangabafundi, abasebenzi ezikhungweni zezenkolo, nokuningi.
Umphumela uba ukuthi izigidi eziningi zabantu abasebenza ukuze baziphilise azivikelekile ngaphansi koMthetho Kazwelonke Wobudlelwano Bezabasebenzi (NLRA) kanye nemithetho yezwe eyengeziwe.
Kudingeka umthetho omusha ukulungisa le nkinga. Umthetho kufanele unikeze abasebenzi basezindlini nabezolimo amalungelo afanayo nabanye abasebenzi. Kufanele kudinge ukuthi zonke izinkampani โzikweleta izisebenzi eziphethe amandla phezu kwazo kwezomnotho,โ okuhlanganisa nezinkontileka ezizimele, futhi zandise ukuhlolwa โkomsebenzi ohlanganyelweโ ukuze izisebenzi ezingaphansi kosonkontileka zivikeleke.
Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi othisha abangabafundi abaneziqu kanye nabasebenzi bezikhungo zezenkolo, kanye nabaphathi abasezingeni eliphansi abanemithwalo yemfanelo yokuphatha elinganiselwe, bangabasebenzi. Futhi, bayabhala, umthetho kufanele unwebe ilungelo lokuteleka kubasebenzi bomkhakha womphakathi noma kuphi lapho usuhoxisiwe - okuyikhona kanye lokho okuchitshiyelwe kwe-Nixon's Taylor Law okuhlose ukukwenza.
Ababhali balo mbiko baphawula ukuthi nakuba iningi labantu baseMelika lithi lingathanda ukuba yingxenye yenyunyana, amaphesenti amancane kuphela futhi anciphayo akhona. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi kunzima ngokungadingekile ukuhlela inyunyana. Ikakhulukazi, ngisho noma abasebenzi bevikelwe yi-NLRA, inqubo yokhetho eyenganyelwe Ibhodi Likazwelonke Lezobudlelwane Bezemisebenzi (NLRB) iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi idla isikhathi, futhi kulula kubaqashi ukuyikhohlisa.
Inqubo yokusungula inyunyana ingathatha iminyaka, lapho abasebenzi bengavunyelwe ukubiza imihlangano yokuhlela izinyunyana emsebenzini, kodwa abaqashi kukhona kuvunyelwe ukubiza imihlangano eyisibopho lapho ukuhlangana kwezinyunyana kungakhuthazwa. Abaqashi abavunyelwe ngokobuchwepheshe ukuthi basabise abasebenzi ngokudiliza abasebenzi ngokuphindisela (yize kwenzeka noma kunjalo), kodwa โbangabikezelaโ ngokusobala ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana kuzophoqa inkampani ukuthi yehlise amaholo, ikhiphe, ihambise izindawo, noma ivale ngokuphelele - idiliza futhi yethuse abasebenzi. lokwakha inyunyana.
Kumele kwethulwe imithetho emisha eyenza kube lula ukuthi abasebenzi bahlangane, babhale u-Andrias noRogers. Isibonelo, i-NLRB kufanele inikeze abahleli bezinyunyana ukufinyelela endaweni yokusebenza ebonakalayo, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana lwabasebenzi ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuhlela. Ikhono labaqashi lokuphoqa abasebenzi ukuthi beze emihlanganweni emelene nezinyunyana kufanele lincishwe ngokomthetho.
Ukwengeza, uhlelo kumele lwenziwe lube lula ukuze abasebenzi abafuna ukunyunyana bangalindi iminyaka. Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu, njengoBernie Sanders kusanda kuhlongozwa emthethweni wakhe we-Workplace Democracy Act, uwukuhlola amakhadi okuzenzakalelayo, okusho ukuthi uma iningi labasebenzi libonisa ukuthi lifuna inyunyana ngokuthumela amakhadi okugunyaza ngaphambili inyunyana iqashelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, akukho mkhankaso omude odingekayo. Umthetho ka-Sanders wawuqukethe nesinye sezincomo zika-Andrias noRogers: amandla okulungisa e-NLRB kufanele anwetshwe, kuvunyelwe ukuthi kubekwe izinhlawulo nezindleko eziphakeme kubaqashi abephula imithetho yokuziphindiselela nokusabisa esivele ikhona.
Isigaba sesithathu salo mbiko - โUmthetho wezabasebenzi kufanele ukhuthaze ukuxoxisana kwezinga lomkhakhaโ - uyisikhalazo sokuthi kuchitshiyelwe i-NLRA ukuze ibe semthethweni imodeli entsha yokuhlela ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni sokuhlela ngesitolo ngesitolo, umcabango wezingxoxo zemboni ukuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi ukuhlela ngomkhakha wonke, njengabo bonke abasebenzi bokudla okusheshayo noma bonke abasebenzi abaqaphile endaweni ethile (isifunda- noma ezweni lonke). Lokhu kube njalo kwenziwe ngokwethukela e-United States esikhathini esidlule, futhi kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu namuhla.
Ukuxoxisana ngezinga lezitshalo noma lebhizinisi kugcina ububanzi bezinyunyana bunomkhawulo. Ukubeka izindinganiso eziphoqelelwe ngokomthetho kuyo yonke imboni kusiza ukuvimbela amafemu embonini ekuqhudelaneni wodwa ngokuhambisana nezindleko zabasebenzi, okuholela emncintiswaneni oya phansi olimaza abasebenzi kuphela. Ukuxoxisana ngemikhakha kuzophinde kufake abasebenzi abengeziwe ohlelweni lokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela, kanye khuthaza ubumbano phakathi kwezisebenzi ezingale kwesitezi sesitolo.
U-Andrias noRogers batusa ukuthi abenzi bomthetho bahlole ukusungula uhlelo olusha lwezingxoxo zemboni olungase lubekwe phezu kokuhlela okukhona kwefemu nebhizinisi noma ukuzuza ukuxoxisana kwemikhakha ngokwenza ngokwandisa ububanzi besizinda sokusebenza samanje ngokuhlela izinguquko ezinkulu. Babeka izindawo zokucatshangelwa kanye neziphakamiso zokudala zendlela ngayinye.
Esigabeni sesine โ โUmthetho wezabasebenzi kufanele uvikele amalungelo ayisisekelo abasebenzi okuteleka, ukuqola, nokuzibandakanya kwezinye izenzo ezihlangeneโ โ U-Andrias noRogers baphikisa ngokuthi amalungelo abasebenzi okuhlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela kanye nokukhuluma ngokukhululeka ayisisekelo sentando yeningi emsebenzini, kanti nokho banjalo. efakwe kancane emthethweni wezabasebenzi wase-US. Phakathi kweNew Deal kanye noMthetho we-Taft-Hartley kwaba iwindi elifushane lapho umthetho wawuvikela ngokweqiniso amalungelo abasebenzi okuqola, ukubhikisha, nokuteleka, kodwa lawo malungelo acekelwa phansi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Njengamanje, isibonelo, nakuba abaqashi bengakwazi ukuziphindiselela kubasebenzi abatelekile, bangaqasha abazovala isikhala sabo unomphela, okusho ukuthi kubasebenzi abaningi abatelekayo kusho ukubeka umsebenzi wabo engcupheni. Esikhundleni salokho, abasebenzi bangase bakhethe ukwehla okumangalisayo, ukuhlala phansi nezinye izindlela ezingezona ezejwayelekile zezenzo ezihlangene ezingadingi ukuthi kumiswe ngokuphelele umsebenzi nokungayi emsebenzini, kodwa lezo azikhaviwe ngaphansi kwe-NLRA. Umthetho wezabasebenzi ubuye unqume ukuthi abasebenzi bangaqopha nini futhi kanjani, ngokuphikisana neSichibiyelo Sokuqala, futhi ubeke imingcele "ukuduba okwesibili," lapho abasebenzi befaka ingcindezi enkampanini abangayisebenzeli ngokuqondile - ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, abasebenzi bebhizinisi bavame ukuvinjelwa ekuqongeni ikomkhulu lebhizinisi.
Ukuze kulungiswe le nkinga, u-Andrias noRogers batusa ukuthi izishayamthetho zivimbele abaqashi ukuthi baqashe abantu abazongena ezikhundleni unomphela phakathi nesiteleka, basuse imikhawulo yokuduba okwesibili, futhi banwebe ukuvikelwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokubhikisha kwezisebenzi, kusukela ezitelekeni ezivamile kuye ekuncipheni kuya ekuqotheni.
I-Democratic-Socialist Labor Platform
UCynthia Nixon uphakathi kwe igagasi elisha of ukhetho abazibiza ngamaSocialists entando yeningi. Abanye banezinkundla zabasebenzi ezingcono kunezinye; I-Nixon ingenye yezinhle kakhulu kuze kube manje. Kepha bonke banezinkundla zabasebenzi ezingcono kuneDemocrat ejwayelekile, ekhokha kahle izinyunyana futhi imvamisa. ukunganaki ukusho umsebenzi kube bonke.
Iningi labantu abadala baseMelika lisebenza ukuze liziphilise, futhi lichitha amahora amaningi angalali ewashi. Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka komsebenzi empilweni ngaphansi kobunxiwankulu, ungalindela ukuthi izindaba zasemsebenzini zibe phambili futhi zibe yisizinda sepolitiki yaseMelika, kodwa kunalokho kunesikhala.
Kokubili amaDemocrats namaRepublicans aboshelwe kakhulu ebhizinisini, okushiya abantu besigaba sabasebenzi ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokumelwa kwezombusazwe zamaqembu amabili zaseMelika ezindabeni eziphathelene nokusebenza ngokwazo. Umphumela uba ukuthi, kuyilapho ukungqubuzana kwekilasi kunjalo phakade, ayinakho inkulumo yokhetho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikhulu zezinyunyana ziqinise ubudlelwano obuzuzisa kakhulu nenhlangano yeDemocratic Party, ikakhulukazi ukuze banganyakazi isikebhe.
Izinhlangano zeSocialist kanye nabazongenela ukhetho kumele bazame ukugcwalisa leso sikhala ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, izinguquko zohlobo oluphakanyiswe u-Andrias noRogers zombili ziyadingeka futhi zingenzeka, azinawo amandla epolitiki kuphela futhi zizimisele ukuzihlanganisa nazo.
Ukube zonke izinguquko embikweni wabo bezingafezeka, isigaba sabasebenzi sizonikezwa amandla amangalisayo. Yebo, bekungeke kuzenzekele - izinyunyana zisazodinga ukugxila kuntando yeningi yangaphakathi, ukuhlela ubuso nobuso kanye nokusebenzelana kwezikhundla namafayela ukuze zisebenzise leli thuba. Kodwa uma izithiyo ezingokomthetho zokuhlela indawo yokusebenza zasuliwe futhi izinyunyana zavuka, ngokungangabazeki sizobona ukuvuselelwa kwenhlangano yabasebenzi kanye nomzabalazo wezigaba ngokujwayelekile.
Okwesibili, ngisho nokukhuluma nje ngalezi zinguquko kunamandla amakhulu okuyaluza, njengoba icala likaNixon libonisa. Akukho lutho olungagwemeki ngenkulumo yezepolitiki. Kusukela ekukhipheni isisu kuya ku- ukushoda kwenhlangano ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, izindaba zezepolitiki ziphenduka amaphuzu ngoba abadlali bezepolitiki benza kube njalo. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwenza lokhu ukukhetha ukulwa. Ukukhetha izimpi - ngokufuna noma ngokuphakamisa umthetho omusha, isibonelo - kuvumela osopolitiki nezinhlangano ukuthi badwebe imigqa yempi ecacile mayelana nendaba, bayixhumanise nolwazi oluphilayo lwabavoti, bameme abantu ukuthi bazizwe benomuzwa wobunikazi bamasiko ngesikhathi senkulumompikiswano, nokunye. .
Esinye sezizathu ezenza ukuthi umsebenzi ungabi indaba yombani kwezepolitiki yaseMelika ukuthi osopolitiki bamaqembu amakhulu womabili bafinyelele esivumelwaneni sokungayigcizeleli, futhi abaholi bezinyunyana bona bavame ukuhamba nomthamo. Kodwa njengoba isiteleka sothisha sakamuva sikhombisile, izindaba zezabasebenzi zihlale zibheda phezulu - ikakhulukazi njengoba ukuncishiswa kwemali, ukuthengiswa kwezinkampani ezizimele, ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuphila, ukuntengantenga kwamaholo, kanye nezinzuzo eziwohlokayo kubeka abasebenzi onqenqemeni.
Ngeke sivele sikhethe futhi sishaye umthetho ngendlela yethu yokungena enhlanganweni yabasebenzi evuselelwe. Abantu abasebenzayo kuzodingeka bahlele kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Kodwa ipolitiki yokhetho inendima ebalulekile okumele iyidlale ekuletheni umyalezo wamalungelo abasebenzi, umnotho onobulungiswa, kanye nomzabalazo wezigaba kubantu abaningi. Osopolitiki abagcini ngokubusa; bangakwazi futhi ukusebenza njengabagqugquzeli, badale amathuba amasha ezombusazwe ngokusebenzisa imikhankaso namahhovisi abo njengamapulpiti obuxhwanguxhwangu epolitiki yezigaba.
AmaSocialists kufanele akubone kuwumthwalo wethu wepolitiki ukuphoqa udaba lwabasebenzi. Izinhlangano zethu kufanele ziphoqe amakhandidethi emgudwini wethu ukuthi amukele ama-ajenda aqinile okuguqula umthetho wabasebenzi, futhi amakhandidethi nezishoshovu ngokufanayo kufanele basebenzise lezo zinguquko ezihlongozwayo njengethuba lokukhuluma ngokukhululekile mayelana nokungqubuzana kwezigaba kanye nokungalingani kwezinto ezibonakalayo - futhi bakhethe ukulwa nabaqokiwe bamabhizinisi. nabalingani babo kuhulumeni. Uhlu oluphelele luka-Andrias noRogers lwezinguquko ezihlongozwayo emthethweni wezabasebenzi waseMelika yindawo enhle yokuqala.
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