Isishayamthetho sase-Michigan kanye noMbusi u-Richard Snyder baphasise umthetho omusha “welungelo lokusebenza” ngoDisemba 11, 2012. Imithetho enjalo, egunyazwe umthetho omelene nabasebenzi we-Taft-Hartley Act ka-1947, ivumela izifundazwe ukuthi zivimbele inyunyana yasendaweni ukuthi idinge abasebenzi abangasebenzi. bakhethe ukungazihlanganisi nenyunyana ebamele emsebenzini futhi abathola izinsiza zezinyunyana ngenxa yokuzikhokhela.
Ososayensi bezenhlalakahle babhekisela enkingeni edalwa yilokhu njengokuthi "inkinga yomgibeli wamahhala". Kungani ukhokhela ukuxoxisana nokuxoxisana, ukusekelwa kwezikhalazo zabasebenzi, nezinye izinsiza uma ungazithola mahhala? Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abalandeli bemithetho yelungelo lokuya emsebenzini banethemba lokunciphisa ubulungu bezinyunyana futhi benze buthaka abasebenzi abahlelekile njengamandla ezomnotho emsebenzini kanye namandla ezombusazwe enkundleni yokhetho.
Umbusi waseMichigan uguqule isimemezelo sakhe sangaphambili sokuthi ngeke awusekele lo mthetho ophikisanayo. I-Michigan iyisifunda lapho inhlangano yesimanje yabasebenzi yakhiwa khona ngeminyaka yawo-1930s ngesikhathi kunesiteleka sokuhlala phansi ezitshalweni zezimoto. UMbusi wase-Indiana u-Mitch Daniels naye uthembise abaholi bezabasebenzi ukuthi angeke bawusekele lo mthetho. Bobabili bashintsha izingqondo zabo ngoba amathemba okuhlula abasebenzi kulesi sikhathi esibucayi abonakala ehle kakhulu ukuthi angaphuthelwa. Ngakho-ke iMichigan, njenge-Indiana, yasusa uthuli ikhophi yayo yomthetho wemodeli ye-American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) futhi yawuphasisa.
Njengoba i-Economic Policy Institute isho, amalungiselelo okusebenza anemiphumela engemihle kubasebenzi. Ezifundeni ezifanele ukuya emsebenzini abasebenzi bahola amaholo aphansi kakhulu kunabasebenzi ezifundazweni ezingenayo imithetho enjalo. Futhi, mancane amathuba okuthi bahlomule ezinhlelweni zomshuwalense wezempilo oxhaswe ngumqashi. Olunye ucwaningo luphawula ukuthi impilo nokuphepha ezindaweni zokusebenza ezifundeni ezifanele ukuya emsebenzini akuhambi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzi abasezifundeni ezingenayo imithetho enjalo. Ngamafuphi, Isigaba 14 (b), ukuhlinzekwa kwelungelo lokusebenza koMthetho we-Taft-Hartley ka-1947, sasiklanyelwe ukwenza buthaka ukunyakaza kwabasebenzi okusha nokuqhubekayo kwalolo suku futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwandisa amanani ebhizinisi enzuzo.
NgoDisemba 12, uMbusi wase-Indiana u-Mitch Daniels (maduze ozoba umongameli weNyuvesi yasePurdue) umemezele ukuthi izinkampani eziyisishiyagalolunye "bezilindelekile" ukuthi zenze izimali esifundazweni sakhe zidale imisebenzi emisha engu-2,552. Lezi zihlanganisa izinkampani ezifana no-Angie's List, BidPal Inc, kanye ne-Mitsubishi Engine North America. I Indianapolis Star iveze ukuthi izinkampani eziyisishiyagalolunye “ezilindele” ukwengeza le misebenzi ngo-2016 zizothola amakhredithi entela angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-27 zamaRandi. Kungenzeka ukuthi isimemezelo sikaDaniels sasiklanyelwe ukusekela isimangalo soMbusi waseMichigan u-Snyder sokuthi ugqugquzelwe izinsolo zokuthuthuka komnotho e-Indiana kusukela kwaqala ukwamukela umthetho ophathelene nelungelo lokusebenza ebusika obudlule.
UMbusi uDaniels uveze ukuthi “…sibone ukwanda okukhulu kwentshisekelo entsha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.” Futhi, uMbusi u-Snyder ugqugquzelwe yindaba yase-Indiana hhayi ngenxa yeminikelo yentela kodwa ngoba ethi kwakuwumthetho wase-Indiana onelungelo lokusebenza owashaywa ezinyangeni eziyishumi ezedlule owagqugquzela lesi “simangaliso somnotho” esifundazweni sase-Hoosier.
Esihlokweni sakamuva sesizindalwazi se-Economic Policy Institute (EPI) esibhalwe usosayensi wezepolitiki uGordon Lafer, isazi sezomnotho uMarty Wolfson, kanye noMongameli we-AFL-CIO yesifunda sase-Indiana uNancy Guyott, kuphawulwe ukuthi izinqumo zokutshalwa kwezimali zidinga inqubo ende yokufunda. Njengoba lo mthetho waphasiswa ngoJanuwari odlule, waqala ukusebenza ngoMashi futhi uphonselwa inselelo enkantolo, ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi, mancane amathuba okuthi lo mthetho omusha uthinte izinqumo zokutshala imali e-Indiana.
U-Lafer, uWolfson, kanye no-Guyott baveza ukuthi ayikho inkampani kweziyisishiyagalolunye umbiko kaDaniels okhulume ngayo ethi umthetho omusha wamalungelo okusebenza wawuhlobene nezinhlelo zabo zokutshala imali eningi kuhulumeni. Ezinye kweziyisishiyagalolunye sezivele zinezikhungo ezinkulu kuhulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababhali bahlole izinkampani ezithandana nohulumeni kodwa zakhetha ukuya kwenye indawo. Ucwaningo lwabo luveze ukuthi ilungelo lokusebenza bekungeyona indlela yokukhetha ngaphambi kuka-2012 ukutshala imali kwezinye izifundazwe.
Mhlawumbe amaqiniso abaluleke kakhulu atholwe ocwaningweni lwakamuva mayelana nomnotho wase-Indiana ashicilelwe yi-Indiana Institute for Working Families ocwaningweni lwayo olunesihloko esithi “Isimo Semindeni Esebenzayo e-Indiana, 2011.” (http://www.incap.org/statusworkingfamilies.html). Phakathi kwemiphumela yabo eyinhloko kukhona okulandelayo:
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umbuso ubunemisebenzi embalwa engu-231,500 njengoba kwaqala u-2012 kunokuqashwa kwangaphambi kokwehla komnotho.
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Ingu-21,200 imisebenzi yohulumeni basekhaya neyasekhaya eyalahleka kusukela ngo-August, 2008 kuya kuFebruwari, 2012 (amaphesenti angu-22 emisebenzi elahlekile).
- ngo-2012, amaphesenti angu-19 abantu abangasebenzi baphakathi kwentsha.
- I-Indiana iphakathi kwezifunda ezingu-17 eziqhubeka nokubhekana nokuncipha okuphelele kwabasebenzi kusukela kwaqala ukwehla komnotho.
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amaphesenti angu-14.6 kuphela ama-Hoosier angaphezu kweminyaka engu-25 aneziqu ze-bachelor's.
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I-Indiana ikleliswe ku-41st ngokwesilinganiso samaholo; ukungalingani kwezomnotho kuhulumeni kukhule kusukela ngo-2000 kodwa ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi kwenyuke ngamaphesenti ayi-14.
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imali yomndeni emaphakathi yehle ngamaphesenti ayi-13.6 kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
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kusukela ngo-2000 ubumpofu bukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-52.
Izibalo zokudluliselwa kwezimali komnotho wase-Indiana kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, njengoba uhulumeni wesifunda ushintshele kwesokudla, ziyamangaza. Lena imodeli afisa uMbusi waseMichigan nesishayamthetho.
Iziphetho ezimbalwa zingafinyelelwa kudatha kanye nengqikithi yepolitiki yesimanje endaweni yemboni yaseMelika.
Okokuqala, ukuwohloka komnotho kube yisici esivelele ekuphileni kwezisebenzi ngaphambi, phakathi naso, nangemva kokuwohloka komnotho.
Okwesibili, phakathi nengxenye enkulu yeshumi leminyaka elidlule, ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni ezifana ne-Indiana, isimo sezombangazwe siye salolongwa kakhulu yi-ajenda yezomnotho eqondile ye-Republican Party.
Abukho ubufakazi, bomlando noma besikhathi samanje, bokuthi imithetho yelungelo lokusebenza izohlehlisa ukwehla okukhulu komnotho kwabasebenzi. Kodwa kunobufakazi bokuthi ingcebo namandla abantu abacebe kakhulu kuzokwenyuka, kuyilapho amaholo ezisebenzi ehla ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho umkhiqizo wabo ukhuphuka.
Okwesithathu, sibheka ubudlelwano bemali/ezabasebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili, amandla ezindaba zezabasebenzi ezihleliwe kubo bonke abasebenzi. Ilungelo lokusebenza, kunokuba lihehe abatshalizimali abasha, ngokuyinhloko licebisa izinkampani zamanje ezifundazweni ezifanele ukusebenza futhi kwenza izinyunyana zibe buthaka.
Ekugcineni, njengoba uMongameli u-Obama esho ngesikhathi evakashele eDetroit ngaphambi nje kwevoti lezomthetho laseMichigan, ukuvela kabusha kwemikhankaso yokufuna umsebenzi “kungokwepolitiki.” Kungani? Ngoba inhlangano yabasebenzi iyona kuphela isisekelo sezezimali nesisekelo sokuphikisa ukushintshela kunqubomgomo yezomnotho yangaphambi Kwesivumelwano Esisha. Lokhu kuboniswe “emdlalweni ophansi” wenhlangano yabasebenzi ezifundazweni ezibalulekile ezinkundleni zempi ngesikhathi sokhetho olwedlule. Kuphinde kwabonakala emikhankasweni yokuhlehlisa ukuhlaselwa kwabasebenzi bakahulumeni e-Ohio kanye nokugqugquzelwa kothisha e-Chicago ukuze bavikele imfundo yomphakathi. Ngokuvamile abasebenzi abahlelekile bamele umugqa ophambili wokuzivikela ngokumelene nokungalingani okushaqisayo kwengcebo namandla, ukuphikiswa kokwenziwa kwangasese cishe kwazo zonke izikhungo zikahulumeni, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinhlelo ezinikeze ukuvikeleka komnotho okulinganiselwe engxenyeni enkulu yabantu.
Indaba yaseMichigan kanye nenganekwane mayelana ne-Indiana kuyingxenye nje yomzabalazo oqhubekayo wesigaba sezezimali / sezinkampani kanye nosopolitiki abanelungelo lokubhubhisa umnyakazo wokugcina ongasindisa abantu baseMelika ekusweleni. Nakuba umsebenzi obuthakathaka ubonakala uhlanganisa ukuvikela izintshisekelo zesigaba sabasebenzi esinwebekayo.
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