Bekubikezelwa ukuthi uMmeli Jikelele u-Eric Holder uzohlaselwa ngenxa yamazwi akhe akamuva mayelana nomjaho waseMelika. Ukuphakamisa ukuthi isizwe sisakhungethwe wumcabango wokucwasa ngokwebala akwamukelekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba, ngokukhethwa kukaMengameli u-Obama, singene enkathini “yobuhlanga”.
Kodwa eqinisweni, isikhulu esiphezulu somthetho wesizwe sifanelwe ukugxekwa kakhulu ngalokho esingakushonga kunalokho esikwenzile.
Ikakhulukazi, uHolder usole ubugwala ngokuhlukana kwethu ngokwezinhlanga, esikhundleni sokungalingani kwezikhungo, ngaleyo ndlela enciphisa indima yoMnyango wakhe ekuxazululeni inkinga; futhi wasola wonke umuntu (futhi ngaleyo ndlela akekho noyedwa ngokukhethekileyo) ngokuba amagwala, ngaleyo ndlela evumela abamhlophe baseMelika—ababelokhu bengazimisele kangako ukuxoxa ngesihloko—ukuvala ihuku lethu elikhulu eliyingqayizivele.
Le nhlanganisela yokungabi nandaba kwamandla (ukunganaki ukucwasa kanye nokufinyelela okungalingani kwezinsiza, kuyilapho kugxilwe ezimweni zengqondo nje) kanye nokungaboni imibala (okuphakamisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unephutha ngokulinganayo futhi akazimisele ngokulinganayo ukuxoxa ngobandlululo) iyilensi ethandwayo yokubuka lezi zindaba. . Ngempela, ifilimu eyawina i-Oscar "Crash" yayisekelwe cishe ngokuphelele kulezi zintambo ezimbili. Kodwa i-lens enjalo ihlanekezela umbono wethu, futhi ifihla ukuqonda kwangempela kwesenzakalo esibonwayo.
Ukuhlukana kwezinhlanga uHolder akhuluma ngakho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezindawo lapho abantu behlala khona, akuwona umphumela wobugwala obuthile bokuzihlanganisa. Kunalokho, kumayelana nokwesaba ukucwasa kwabamhlophe, okwathi emashumini eminyaka adlule baqala ukushiya izindawo ezingomakhelwane lapho abansundu beqala ukuthutha. Abazange banyakaze ngenxa yokwehla kwamanani ezakhiwo, njengoba babevame ukusho (empeleni ingqondo yezomnotho isho ukuthi ukuphuma ngokushesha kwabamhlophe, hhayi ukufuna kwabantu abamnyama izindlu, okungadala umphumela onjalo), kodwa ngenxa yobandlululo.
Futhi ngokwesaba kwabo, laba abamhlophe basizwa inqubomgomo kahulumeni, eyayixhasa indiza yabo ngezimali mboleko ze-FHA kanye ne-VA ezazingekho imingcele kubantu bemibala. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu (futhi kungani) izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha zaba khona. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1940 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-60s, imalimboleko engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-120 zamarandi yayibolekwa abamhlophe, ngokukhethekile, ngenxa yale mizamo kahulumeni, kuyilapho abansundu nabanye abantu bebala babengabandakanywa okufanayo. Impela, cishe ingxenye yawo wonke amakhaya athengwa imindeni yabamhlophe ngalesi sikhathi yaxhaswa ngezimali ngenxa yalezi zimali mboleko ezinenzalo ephansi, kuyilapho abantu bemibala behlala bevaleleke emadolobheni, izindawo zabo zokuhlala namabhizinisi bevamise ukudilizwa ukuze kuvuleleke izifundazwe ezazizothutha. ozakwabo abamhlophe ezindaweni ezingasedolobheni lapho babengahlala khona kuphela.
Sisahlukene ngokwezindawo zokuhlala namuhla ngenxa yefa lalezo zinqubomgomo ezinjengobandlululo, kanye nokucwaswa kwezindlu okusekelwe ngokobuhlanga okuqhubekayo: phakathi kwezigameko eziyizigidi ezimbili nezingu-2 ngonyaka ngokwezilinganiso ezizimele. Kungumsebenzi ka-AG ukwenza okuthile ngalokho ngokuphoqelela uMthetho Wezezindlu Ezinobulungiswa, hhayi ukunxusa ukuba kube nezingxoxo ezengeziwe. Njengoba u-Elvis ake asho, nakuba ngendaba ehluke kakhulu, sidinga "ingxoxo encane, isenzo esithe xaxa, ngiyacela."
U-Holder uphinde wadonsa kanzima ngokukhipha icala lakhe lobugwala ngokungakhethi, njengokungathi uthi wonke umuntu wayeyizonda ngokulinganayo indaba yokucwasa ngokwebala. Kodwa abantu bebala bebelokhu bezwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwabo ngalolu daba. Ngabamhlophe abavame ukuvala, ukushintsha isihloko, noma ukunciphisa inkinga ngokutshela labo ababalulayo ukuthi "baqede kakade," noma ngokubasola "ngokudlala ikhadi lomjaho."
Njengombukiso waleli cala, cabangela indlela iningi labamhlophe baseMelika eliye lasabela ngayo kwikhathuni yakamuva ye-New York Post, lapho amaphoyisa edubula inkawu yasendle, okuhloswe ngayo ukumela umbhali we-stimulus bill; futhi lokhu, okuphambene ngqo nesithombe sikaMongameli Obama esayina wona kanye lowo mthetho. Ukuthi isithombe esinjalo sihwebelana ngemibono ehlala isikhathi eside yokucwasa kubonakala kubantu abaningi bemibala, nokho, iningi labamhlophe baseMelika liye lazamula kule mpikiswano, noma okubi nakakhulu, abasolwa abamnyama abacasulwe isithombe sokuzwela ngokweqile. Ngokunjalo, iningi labamhlophe lisabele ngokungeneliseki ekhasethi yevidiyo yosuku lukaNcibijane esiteshini esingaphansi komhlaba sase-Oakland, lapho iphoyisa elimhlophe labulala ngokupholile umuntu omnyama ogama lakhe lingu-Oscar Grant, naphezu kokuthi uGrant engazange amelane naso, engenasikhali, futhi ebuza. akukho ukusongela iphoyisa. Emabhodini emiyalezo e-Bay Area—okuthiwa agcwele izinhlobo eziqhubekayo ukuzwa abantu bendawo bekutshela—abelungu bavame ukuzwakalisa ukucasuka okukhulu kubabhikishi abafuna ubulungiswa bomndeni wakwaGrant, kunasephoyisa uMehserle ngokubulala ngesihluku.
Ngokudabukisayo, abamhlophe abavamile ukukuvuma lokho abantu abamnyama nabansundu abangakusho ngokuphathelene nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo okuqhubekayo nokuphathwa kabi ngokobuhlanga. Futhi simanqika ikakhulukazi ukuxoxa ngokuthi lokho kuhlukumeza kusho ukuthini kithina njengabamhlophe: okungukuthi sigcina sinamathuba amaningi futhi angcono njengengxenye yokucwasa. Phela, akukho phansi ngaphandle kokukhuphuka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singathanda kangakanani ukukholelwa ngenye indlela.
Ukuphika okumhlophe, njenganoma yini, okuvumele ukungalingani kwezinhlanga ukuthi kuqhubeke isikhathi eside, futhi akuyona into entsha. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, ngisho nangaphambi kokuphasiswa kwemithetho yesimanje yamalungelo abantu, abamhlophe ababili kwabathathu bathi abamnyama babephathwa ngokulinganayo, futhi cishe amaphesenti angama-90 athi izingane ezimnyama zinamathuba alinganayo emfundo. Okubalulekile, ukuphika okumhlophe kunozalo olude kunalokho, okubuyela emuva okungenani kuze kufike ngawo-1860, lapho abanikazi bezigqila baseningizimu bamangala ngempela ukubona impahla yabo yabantu ibalahla ngemva kwesiMemezelo Sokukhululwa. Phela, emicabangweni emhlophe ekhohlisayo yangaleso sikhathi, babehlale bephatha izigqila zabo "njengomndeni."
Kuze kube yilapho sikhuluma ngomlando omude wesizwe sakithi wokubusa kwabamhlophe, samukele ifa lalowo mlando, futhi sibhekane neqiniso lokucwasa okuqhubekayo (ngisho "Ngenkathi Ka-Obama"), noma iyiphi inkhulumomphendvulwano esiba nayo mayelana nendaba izomane idideke nakakhulu. nathi, futhi sivimbele imizamo yethu yokuthi ngelinye ilanga siphume enkunguni ewugqinsi necindezelayo yobandlululo. Ngoba noma kungakanani ukuqina okungase kuhlanganiswe nomqondo wethemba, masikhumbule ukuthi iqiniso lisenamandla kakhulu. Kwangathi singathola isibindi, ngolunye usuku maduze, ukukusho.
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Nikela